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Martin Luther refuses to recant in 1521 in Germany
Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in 1521 & dissent spreads through germany and switzerlnd |
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Japanese scholars studied dutch to approach European science, medicine and art before ban on foreign books was lifted in 1720
Dutch presence at Nagasaki is principal route for Japanese understanding of the world |
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System of utilizing native force labor, Europe, around 1515
Natives are overpowered and forced to farm sugarcane and Europeans benefit |
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From England, explores pacific ocean to learn about other cultures, 1768
trade routes are formed, new areas of the world are explored |
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France, 1550, codifies Protestant teachings while in exile in Geneva
founded Calvinism, a form of Protestant Christianity |
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Europe,
private enterprises
non government controlled
way to protect investments
East India Company in 1600
stocks and free market are formed |
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Africa, relations with portuguese beginning in 1483
traded weapons with portuguese for slaves, eventually Kongo Kings try to slow but not eliminate slave trade, Portuguese attack Kongo and kill king in 1665 |
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1543, Poland, breaks theory of reconception
said ptolematic model is wrong, that sun is center and everything revolves around it |
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Former slave, 1745, from Africa but traveled a lot,
makes many attacks on slavery through his best selling autobiography |
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1555, Germany, treaty between holy roman emporer and forces of schmalkaldic league
established official toleration for lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire. |
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1756, Europe, India, Caribbean, North America at war with each other
first global war, british win |
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1520, Europe, also known as Jesuits, founded by St. Ignatius Loyola
Rigorous religious and secular education and effective missionaries |
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founded by Fernando and Isabel in 1478 in Europe, original task was to search for secret Christian practitioners of Judism or Islam, later search for Protestants
those found would be imprissoned or executed, it intimidated nobles who might have considered protestanism |
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Portuguese Brazil, 1494, exploited area for sugercane production
divides entire non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal. Portugal claims Brazil |
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1500, trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Europe would make goods(firearms), they would be traded to Africans to go use them to bring slave captives back, slaves would be taken to the Americas to be traded for cash crops with Europe |
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China, WHEN, meant 'returning through the sea'
using wind as an advantage, crosscultural trade helped spread religions and technology |
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| He decided to go around the globe in 1519-1522. He went to the tip of South America to find Guam. He was killed in local political dispute in the Philippine Islands. They had 5 ships, 280 men and only 18 returned. |
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| 1558, England. Elizabeth takes the throne and comes up with a religious compromise. She passes the Act of Uniformity which recreates the church of England; the queen is at the top. Also creates "Book of Common Prayer" which mixes Catholic and Protestant beliefs together. Religious version of "Don't ask, don't tell" She rules for 45 years "Golden Age" and England is at peace. |
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| These large estates produce products of European origin like wheat, grapes, and meat. The encomienda system of utilizing native labor force but the rampant abuses this from 1520-1540. Gradually replaced by debt patronage where peasants repay loans with cheap labor. |
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| 1789. Protests of nobility forces King Louis to call on the estates general for new taxes. They are made up of 3 ideas (medieval) 1st- clergy, priests; small minority 2nd- nobility; fight 3rd- serfs, peasants; those who work the land (small folk) the 1st and 2nd usually veto the 3rd. had the ability to have them agree changed. so people with education, occupations fall into 3rd estate which was the majority of people. argued they should have several votes instead of one. |
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| He was a free man of color. Built an army of 20,000. in 1801 promulgated constitution of equality. island represents 1/3 of the economy so Napoleon sends an army to put them down. they capture Toussaint as a prisoner of war and he dies in jail. in 1804 they drive out Napoleon's troops and Haiti declares their independence. |
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