Explains phenomena on one level (complex) In terms of phenomena on another level (simple ideas)

Example: Clocks can be understood by reducing them down to their basic components.

The mental and material world are of different natures

The mind influences the body, but the body exerts greater influence on the mind.

Derived

innate

Arise from the mind or consciousness, independent of sensory external experiences.

P. I. G. S

Perfection, Infinity, God, Self

Modern Psychology

Helped free science from strong hold of theology

dualism

innate ideas

latteralization

reflex action theory

machanism

Elemental ideas derived from sensation and reflection

cannot be reduced

Compunded from multiple simple ideas

Can be analyzed and reduced.

Attributes like color and sound

exist only in our perception of them

Mentalism

George Berkley  

All knowledge was a function of mental phenomena and is dependednt on the experiencing or percieving person.

George Berkley

No primary qualities

only secondary

Mentalism

Depth perception

blank slate

no innate ideas

sensation/reflection

simple/complex ideas

associations

Association or learning occurs through contiguity and repetition

believed nerves were solid structures, not hollow tubes like decartes believed

vibrations of the nerves transmitted impulses

no innate ideas

Mind as a machine

No Free Will

Mental Chemistry

the mind plays an active role in the association of ideas

Creative synthesis

Complex ideas take on new qualities that are not found in simple ideas

Theory of specific energy

exp: when the auditory nerve is stimulated, it will result in someone hearning a sound, even when no noise is present.

Mapping of Brain Function:

Extirpation

Clinical Method

Electrical Stimulation  

Gray & White Matter

Contralatteral connection

nerve fiber connecting two halves

Phrenology

Discredited by Flourens

Galvani

First empirical measurment of rate of connduction

Abandoned study of reaction time in humans

Just noticable difference

Discrimination among sensations depended on relative differnce or ratio

Had a dream about the mind body connection

it could be found in a quantitative relationship

Psycophysics: the scientific study of the relationsip between mental and physical processes.

Found we cannot multitask

Reaction Time studies

• identification
• detection
• Attention

Apperception Span

Psychophysics of light

negative after images

optical illusions

pleasure...displeasure dimension

tension...relaxation dimension

excitement...calm dimension

Dealt with various stages of human mental development as manifested in culture

Divided psychology into 2 parts

• experimental
• social

consciousness

Did not agree with the idea that elements of consciousness were static...he believed it was active in organizing its own content.

Voluntarism:

what Wundt called the system

capable of organizing mental content into higher level thought process

Mediate and immediate experience

introspection: the examination of ones own conscious experience or mental state

Sensations

Intensity

Duration

Sense modality

Feelings: the other elementary form of experience; when sensations combine to form a more complex state, a feeling of quality will result.

The process of organizing mental elements into a whole

similar to james stuart mills

Creative syntheses

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

first psychologist to empirically investigate learning and memory

disproved wundt

studid forgeting

many conclusions about the nature of learning remain valid today

Act Psychology:

Focused on mental activites rather than mental content.

Pioneered scientific study of music

Phenomenology:

introspective method that examined experience as it occured and did not try to reduce experience to elementary components.

Systematic experimental introspection

imageless thought