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GU: UA
GU:UA
34
Anatomy
Graduate
01/21/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1st morning voided specimen is best for evaluating what?
Definition
PUC
- Protein
- USG (urine specific gravity)
- Culture
Term
24 hour urine is best for evaluating what?
Definition
OMG
- Output
- Metabolites
- GFR
Term
Normal USG;
Definition
1.003-1.030
Term
normal urine pH:
Definition
4.5-8.0 (usually more acidic 5.5-6.5)
Term
what causes urine to be more acidic?
Definition
protein and acidic fruits
Term
what causes urine to be more basic:
Definition
citrate foods increase pH
Term
alkaline urine may indicate what pathologically:
Definition
- urea splitting organism with UTI
- staghorn calculi
Term
acidic urine may mean what pahtologically?
Definition
uric acid calculi
Term
Normal urinary proteins inlcude:
Definition
ASP
- albumin
- serum globulins
- proteins secreted by the nephrons
Term
Microalbuminuria:
Definition
30-150mg protein/day

early sign of renal disease
Term
Proteinuria:
Definition
- urinary excretion of > 150 mg protein/day (10-20mg/dL)
Term
Trace protein on dipstick:
Definition
5-10 mg/dL
Term
1+ proteinuria on dipstick:
Definition
30 mg/dL
Term
2+ proteinuria on dipstick:
Definition
100 mg/dL
Term
3+ Proteinuria on dipstick:
Definition
300 mg protein/dl
Term
4+ proteinuria on dipstick:
Definition
1000 mg/dL
Term
Ways to evaluate persistent Proteinuria:
Definition
24SPAM:
- 24 hour urine
- Spot urinary protein: Cr ratio
- Assessment of renal function
- Microscopic exam of sediment
Term
causes of glycosuria:
Definition
- DM
- Cushing's syndrome
- Liver disease
- Pancreatic disease
- Fanconi's syndrome
Term
After finding blood on dipstick, what do you do next?
Definition
microscopic analysis to confirm its blood
Term
Hematuria defintion:
Definition
greater than or equal to 3 RBCs/HPF in 2 of 3 urine samples

KNOW THIS
Term
Leukocyte esterase is made by ___. Its presence indicates there are ___ ___.
Definition
- neutrophils
- 10-12 WBCs/HPF of centrifuged specimen

(wait 5 min for reagent strip to change color)
Term
positive nitrite test means :
Definition
greater than 100,000 bacteria/mL
Term
negative nitrites does not rule out UTI
Definition
Term
reasons for false positive nitrite test;
Definition
air exposure
time
Term
reasons for false negative nitrite test:
Definition
low nitrite diet
infxn with bacteria that do not reduce nitrate
Term
only conjugated bilirubin in urine. Causes of excess bilirubin:
Definition
RBC destruction
liver disease
bile duct obstruction
Term
Urinobilogen is intestingal break down from conjugated bilirubin. Small is normal, may be elevated though b/c of:
Definition
hemolysis
hepatocellular disease
Term
normal urine WBC :
Definition
men < 2 WBC/HPF
women < 5 WBC/HPF
Term
refractile square envelope:
Definition
caclium oxalate crystals
Term
yellow orange brown diamond/barrel crystals:
Definition
uric acid crystals
Term
colorless coffin lid crystals:
Definition
triple phosphate crystlas
Term
colorless hexagonal crystals:
Definition
crystine hyaline crystals
Term
Bacteriuria definition:
Definition
5 bacteria/HPF, represents 100,000 CFU/mL
Term
____ CFU/ml suggest UTI in a symptomatic patient.
Definition
100 CFU/mL
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