Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GU: Renal Calculi
GU: Renal Calculi
34
Anatomy
Graduate
01/22/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
80% of kidney stones are :
Definition
calcium oxalate
Term
10% of kidney stones are :
Definition
uric acid
Term
8% of stones are
Definition
magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
Term
2% of stones are :
Definition
cystine
Term
calcium oxalate> uric acid> magnesium ammonium phosphate> cystine
Definition
Term
Risk factor for calcium kidney stones is ___, __% of men with calcium stones have this and __% of women with calcium stones have this. With this there blood calcium is __. 5% of pts with this also have __ ___. 40-50% of patients with this also have ___, citrate normally binds calcium and prevents it from crystallizing.
Definition
- hypercacliuria
- 50% of men
- 75% of women
- primary hyperparathyroidism
- 40-59% have hypocitraturia
Term
Uric acid stones almost always due to:
Definition
hyperuricosuria due to high purine diet (fish, meat, poultry)
Term
Cystine calculi are caused by an inherited __ __ defect leading to :
Definition
- autosomal recessive
- cystinuria
Term
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Calculi are associated with infection by __ __ __ and are the most common cause of __ __. These are also known as __.
Definition
- urea splitting organsim
- staghorn calculi
- struvite
Term
uric acid stones cause ___ urine.
Definition
acidic
Term
infection causes __ urine.
Definition
alkaline
Term
Limited pyruia is typical with irritation from a stone, so without bacteria it is not indicative of UTI
Definition
Term
Causes of increased serum calcium:
Definition
- Increases Parathyroid Hormone
- Malignancy
- Granulomatous diseases: Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis
- Drugs: Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin D intoxication, exogenous Calcium intake
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- Immobilization
Term
Factors of the diet can increase risk of stone formation?
Definition
- Low fluid intake
- High sodium intake
- High protein intake
- Grapefruit juice
- Tomato juice
- Sodas
Term
Diet factors that decrease risk of stone formation:
Definition
- Coffee/tea/wine
- Low calcium intake (not recommended)
- Lowered caloric intake
Term
Sodas increase risk of calcium stone formation b/c the __ __ increases renal excretion of __ and __ __ and decreases the excretion of ___.
Definition
- phoshporic acid
- increases renal excretion of calcium and uric acid
- decreases the excretion of citrate
Term
Acute tmt for kidney stones:
Definition
- IV hydration
- NSAIDs
- Narcotics (lots of fluid to avoid constipation)
- Ant-emetics (phenergan)
Term
Long term tmt for calcium stones;
Definition
Thiazide diuretic: lowers urinary excretion of calcium by causing retention of calcium in the bone
- increase fluid intake to greater than 3 liters/day
Term
Long term managment of uric acid stones:
Definition
- decrease protein intake
- Allopurinol decreases production of uric acid
- increase fluid intake
Term
Long term tmt of cystine stones:
Definition
increase fluid intake
Term
Struvite stone tmt:
Definition
- difficult
- ESWL (Extracorpeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)
- Surgery
Term
When is lithotripsy used?
Definition
- calculi unable to pass after a period of time
- stones 8 mm - 2 cm
Term
Large renal stones require:
Definition
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Term
Large ureteral stones require surgical removal b/c lithotripsy might not work.
Definition
Term
Loop diuretics act on the __ __ __ on the __ __ __.
Definition
- thick ascending loop
- NaKCl Triple Cotransporter
Term
Thiazide diuretics act on the __ __ on the __ __.
Definition
- distal tubule
- NaCl contransporter
Term
Potassium sparing diruetics act on the ___ ___.
Definition
collecting duct
Term
amount excreted = amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted
Definition
Term
filtrate formed/min x plasma concentration = urine volume/min x urine concentration

G x P = U x V

Renal Clearance = (UV)/P
Definition
Term
most important extracellular buffer system:
Definition
Bicarbonate buffer system
Term
normal CO2:HCO3- ratio:
Definition
1:24
Term
two triggers for ADH release:
Definition
- increases plasma concentration
- decrease plasma volume (decrease bp) stimulates baroreceptors in atrium and large vessels
Term
Regulation of aldosterone levels:
Definition
- RAAS: decreased stretch on granular JG cells, decrased NaCL and flow past macula densa, and direct stimulation by renal nerves (SN) all cause release of renin
- Na and K levels
Term
Aldosterone is made by the __ __.
Definition
adrenal cortex
Supporting users have an ad free experience!