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GU: Acid Base Disorders
GU: Acid Base Disorders
18
Anatomy
Graduate
01/22/2012

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Cards

Term
Respiratory acidosis is always due to ___ and always has high __.
Definition
- hypoventilation
- CO2
Term
Causes of Acute Respiratory Acidosis:
Definition
- Drug overdose (alcohol, barbiutates, opioids, heroin)
- Status asthmaticus- trapping lots of CO2
- ARDS
- Iatrogenic mechanial hypoventiliation

NO COMPENSATION WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY ISSUES
Term
Causes of chronic respiratory acidosis:
Definition
- COPD
- Obesity hypoventilation
- Sleep apnea
- Neuromuscular Diseases (Muscular Dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy)

CHRONIC RESPIRATORY ISSUES WILL LIKELY SHOW COMPENSATION
Term
Respiratory alkalosis always due to __ and always has __ CO2.
Definition
- hyperventilation
- low
Term
Causes of respiratory alkalosis:
Definition
- Hypoxia (pulmonary disease, anemia, high altitude)
- Pregnancy
- Drugs: Salicylates, Progesterone, Catecholamines
- Mechanical ventilation
- Stress/fear
Term
Metabolic Acidosis will have __ bicarb and __ to __ anion gap.
Definition
- low bicarbonate
- normal to increased anion gap
Term
Equation for anion gap:
Definition
Na - (Cl + Bicarb)

normal= 6-12
Term
If the anion gap is increased, you know bicarb has __ and something else is taking its place.
Definition
decreased
Term
Causes of increased anion gap with metabolic acidosis:
Definition
MUDPILES:

- Methanol (moon shine)
- Uremia (kidney failure)
- DKA (also starvation and ketoacidosis)
- Paraldehyde, Propylene Glycol
- Iron or Iosniazid overdose
- Lactic Acidosis
- Etheylen glycol (antifreeze)
- Salicylates (ASA and oil of wintergreen)
Term
Metabolic Acidosis with a normal anion gap is aka:
Definition
Hyperchloremic Acidosis
Term
Causes of hyperchloremic acidosis aka metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap:
Definition
DRAUT
- Diarrhea
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Addison's disease
- Uretosigmoidostomy or fistulas
- TPN: NH4Cl, lysine, or arginine hydrochloride ingestion
Term
Metabolic alkalosis always has a high __.
Definition
HCO3-
Term
Causes of metabolic alkalosis:
Definition
- Drugs: Thiazide diuretics, Loop diuretics, Penicillin, Carbenicillin, Bicarbonate
- Vomiting
- Nasogastric suction
- Mineralocorticoids excess
- Excessive licorice ingestion (just 2 oz/day for 2 weeks)
Term
Vomiting causes metabolic ___, while diarrhea causes metabolic ___.
Definition
- vomiting> alkalosis
- diarrhea> acidosis

DIARRHEA BURNS YOUR BUTT SO IT CAUSES METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Term
normal PCO2:
Definition
35-45
Term
Normal HCO3-:
Definition
22-26
Term
What are the drugs that can cause metaoblic alkalosis:
Definition
- Thiazide diuretics
- Loop diuretics
- Penicillin
- Carbenicillin
- Bicarbonate
Term
What drugs can cause respiratory alkalosis:
Definition
- Salicylates
- Progesterone
- Catecholamines
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