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| - a book that explained the different German tribes outside of the Roman Empire. |
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| a Germanic friendship structure that compelled kings to rule in consultation with their warriors. A bond with the warrior and king that says neither leaves the battlefield without the other. |
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| after a dispute between two people the loser of the dispute is met by the winner and has to give something to appease the losing family like a cow |
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| -boiled hands to see if guilty in blessed water and if your hand came out normal you were not guilty, instead you could admit to your crime and be dismembered |
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| went over who to attack next |
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| Attila, Huns and their Empire |
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| Attila is the leader of the Huns and he forces the German people out of their lands making the Germans refugees in Rome |
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| Vandals (Northern Africa*)- |
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| A Germanic tribe that sacked Rome and overthrew the roman rule in the North African colony they had |
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| Anglo-Saxons (southern Britain-England*)- |
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| The time period when Germans were in England |
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| Arianism (Christian heresy |
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| spoke that the trinity was wrong and that only God should be praised and that Jesus was just a benevolent son to him |
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| a western Germanic tribe that originally came from France and sacked Rome |
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| Gregory of Tours History of the Franks |
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| was a historian who wrote a ten book account on the Franks, first 5 talked about the spread of Christianity to France and then 6-8 were about his accounts with the king and 9-10 are an epilogue and account of the current year. |
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| Clovis, King of the Franks |
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| German man who is married to a catholic women who converts him and he becomes baptized and rules over france and western germany |
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| Jacquerie (French peasants revolt)- |
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| an uprising during the hundred years war that was due to political unrest so citizens questioned why they should work for a government that cant even protect them |
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| a holy sacrament that is the right of passage into the church |
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| rule over the diocese, authority according to the doctrine of the apostolic succession |
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| banned from the church by going against it and its teachings (heretic) |
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| the in between state for souls who are going to heaven but must first make up for all their sins before going to heaven. |
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| a punishment by which the faithful, remaining in communion with the church, are forbidden certain sacraments and prohibited from participation in certain sacred acts. |
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| The Pope/Bishop of Rome (according to the Petrine Doctrine |
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| head of the catholic church |
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| the French city where the Pope stayed during the captivity of the papacy and where there was a divide of the church and they elected their own Pope here |
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| the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy |
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| 7 Popes made a French village their official residence and people thought that they were being held captive, they thought it was unsafe to be in Rome |
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| Literature that is finally written in Italian and not Latin so that people are now able to read and interpret their own ideas instead of going off what the church says |
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| Hussites (Jan Huss: Bohemia* |
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| were people who went against the catholic church and thought they knew more then it did. their leader spoke out against the church and they told him to say his ideals were wrong and when he didn’t they turned him over to the government where they burned him alive to set an example of him. |
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| Feudal society (lords and vassals)- |
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| vassals are allowed to live on the lords land in exchange for them working |
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| prayers (clergy), fighters (nobility), workers (peasants) |
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| Holy Wars sponsored by the papacy for the revoeray of the Holy Land from the Muslims in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries |
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| a portion of land, the use of which was given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for the latters oath of loyalty |
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| a medieval European conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. |
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| Hundred Years War (England versus France, 1339-1453)- |
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| england has French land for economic reasons and France wanted that area back |
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| a code of conduct that governed the conduct of a knight characterized by the virtues of bravery, generosity, honor, graciousness, mercy, and gallantry toward women |
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| Magna Carta [Great Charter] (King John |
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| Authority of a law over the monarchy |
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| Oxford/Cambridge Universities |
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| two of the first universities that were the first to offer a higher education very prominent |
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| Romanesque and Gothic Style Cathedrals |
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| a type of architecture style that included stain glass and high points (Notre Dame) |
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| Medieval professors who developed a method of thinking, reasoning, and writing in which questions were raised and authorities cited both sides of a question. |
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| Black Death [Bubonic Plague |
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| took out 1/3 of European population bacteria spread by fleas from rats, puss filled the lymph nodes |
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| Steps to being a good catholic- Baptism, Receiving the Sacrament, Marriage |
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| - is the marble statue of Mary and Jesus |
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| a do it all man who optimizes the humanist Renaissance ideal |
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| was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged by scholars, writers, and civic leaders who are today known as Renaissance humanists |
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| italain merchant prince, first of the Medici family in the Medici dynasty |
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| was the pope for the greatest split of the catholic church |
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| wrote ways to unite Italy and how to keep people in line |
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| collected famous old sotries and told them in Italian wrote decameron |
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| The Book of the Courtier It addresses the constitution of a perfect courtier, and in its last installment, a perfect lady. The Book of the Courtier remains the definitive account of Renaissance court life |
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| was a peace agreement between Milan, Naples, and Florence established permanent boundaries between Milanese and Venetian territories in Northern Italy, along the river Adda. Francesco Sforza was confirmed as the rightful duke of Milan. A principle of a balance of power in Northern Italy was established |
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| had ammbassodors so they could keep up with current news such as blackmail, they couldn’t get in trouble while on the trips only sent back to where they came |
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| is one who resides within the country to which he or she is accredited, appointed by the head of the government |
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| the renaissance movement of Europe outside of Italy |
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| translated the new testament so that everyone could read the bible for themselves |
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| were a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York |
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| questioned the church and questioned the meaning of indulgences, sin, purgatory and fund raising by the church, becomes a person of interest to the government and has to defend himself in front of the emperor for not being a heretic |
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| held sermons that promised what the church couldn’t provide |
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| giving money to the church to be whipped clean of your sins and you could buy it for others as well to rid them of purgatory time |
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| thanks that communion is only bread and wine not the body and blood of Jesus and this is his difference between lutherism |
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| 95 Theses of Martin Luther |
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| was a list of 95 reasons he thought the catholic church was wrong questioning the what the church’s motives were |
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| you are saved thanks to Christ death |
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| Frenchman who was inspired by Luther but believed luther wasn’t completely correct in his teachings |
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| Predestination (Election [salvation |
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| your afterlife outcome is determined at birth |
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| at birth are determined to be damned to hell |
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| Anabaptists (the Reformation Radicals |
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| deny esasance of modern society and have beard and amish |
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| started his own church after he couldn’t divorce Catherine of Aragon, became head of the church |
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| daughter of Ferdinand and isabelle of spain and was married and killed by Henery VII |
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| the son of henry VII was just a boy and under is rule there was a spread of calvinism and he died at a young age |
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| the daughter of Catherine, wanted to bring back catholism, wanted to marry the king of spain and conceive a baby so that the two could rule over a giant empire, so also took out the Calvinist that’s where the name came from |
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| the king of spain had a love interest with bloody mary |
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| Pope summons a group of church leaders to start the reformation to join back to Roman Catholism or learn to change |
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| Society of Jesus (Jesuits) |
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| a group of agent assains and teachers for roman catholism |
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| started the Jesuits with the approval of the pope |
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| a major person in mysticism for the catholics |
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| Mysticism (individual, direct experience with God |
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| the thought that people can reach God through fasting and prayer |
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| He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800. His rule is also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. |
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| A dignitary of the Roman Church and counsellor of the pope. |
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| Great Schism of the Papacy- |
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| was a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. Two men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance |
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| was an Italian Dominican priest of the Catholic Church, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, |
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| The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster. The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom |
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| monastery in Cluny, It was built in the Romanesque style, with three churches built in succession from the 10th to the early 12th centuries. |
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| A Benedictine monastery is a monastery that follows the Rule of St Benedict on monastic living, written by the founder of western monasticism |
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| They seek to follow most directly the manner of life that Saint Francis led. |
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| Membership in the Order includes friars,[1] nuns, congregations of active sisters, and lay persons affiliated with the order |
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| was an Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator |
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| was an Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker. He is best known for the monumental epic poem La commedia, later named La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy) |
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| Hegemony and the Balance of Power in Italy |
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| is an indirect form of imperial dominance in which the hegemon (leader state) rules sub-ordinate states by the implied means of power rather than direct military force |
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| His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Brétigny. |
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| was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period.[2] It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses. |
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| lso known by Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and, for three years toward the end of his life, Lord Chancellor. |
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| Peasants Revolt (Germany) |
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| was a popular revolt that took place in Europe during 1524–1525. It consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a series of both economic and religious revolts in which peasants, townsfolk and nobles all participated. |
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| was a meeting at Marburg Castle, Marburg, Hesse, Germany which attempted to solve a dispute between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper |
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| Martin Luther’s appearance before it to respond to charges of heresy. Because of the confused political and religious situation of the time, Luther was called before the political authorities rather than before the pope or a council of the Roman Catholic church. |
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| was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg, now in present-day Bavaria, Germany. |
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| was a European royal house of Welsh origin[1] that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship of Ireland, later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until 1603. Its first monarch was Henry Tudor, a descendant through his mother of a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster. The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct. |
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| The Reformation Parliament |
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| Henry opened what would later become known as the English Reformation Parliament. It opened in the month of October and ran until December 1529 without forming a coherent plan on what to do. Because of this, Henry used it to discredit Wolsey |
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| PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR |
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| he was the first navigator to make it to the canary islands which had good crops and sugar |
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| made it to the "cape of hope and he and his crew are first to make it to south africa |
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| made it to india and traded with all of the booths |
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| FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAIN |
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| they were the king a queen that came together and made spain as powerful as it was and paid for all the explorations to get control of more land |
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| first to make it to the new world, he thought he made it to india and he landed in the carribean |
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| found the phillipeans named it after king philip and claimed first to find the pacific ocean |
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| was blown off course and ended up in brazil |
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| the establishment of spain rule and central and south america was their goal |
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| found and conquered the aztecs and set up spanish rule over them as well as gave himself power |
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| had a empire in central america and their king was montezuma |
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| king of the aztecs tried to befriend the spaniards but was taken out |
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| a treaty between portugal and spain and it was made by pope alexander VI and he just drew a line down south america and spain got everything but brazil |
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| corrupt pope that gave spain the majority of the land in the treaty of tordesillas |
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| found and took over the incans in western south america |
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| a small maneuverable three mast sailing ship developed by the portugese in the fifteenth century. The ship gave the portugese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade |
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| the exchange of animals plants and diseases between the old and new worlds |
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| the motifs of exploration |
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| refers to a style of historical writing that demonizes Spain and in particular the Spanish Empire in a politically motivated attempt to morally disqualify Spain and its people, and to incite animosity against Spanish rule. |
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| Spanish convoys were general purpose cargo fleets used for transporting a wide variety of items, including agricultural goods, lumber, various metal resources, luxuries, silver, gold, gems, pearls, spices, sugar, tobacco, silk, and other exotic goods from the Spanish Empire in the Americas to Spain |
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| was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. The Americas are generally believed to have derived their name from the feminized Latin version of his first name. |
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| is the economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of the state |
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| was a system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor. |
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| was a system of large land-holdings that were an end in themselves as the marks of status |
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| was a colonial forced labor system imposed upon the indigenous population of Spanish America and the Philippines. |
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| was a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard residing in the New World, as opposed to a person of full Spanish descent born in the Americas or Philippines |
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| was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover and intermediary for Hernán Cortés |
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