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Gross Structure: Brainstem
Functional Neuroanatomy
12
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/09/2013

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Cards

Term
major subdivisions of brainstem
Definition

meddula, pons, midbrain

(diencephalon is not, according to Susan)

Term
Brainstem functions
Definition
  • vegetative functions: circulation, respiration, digestion, sleep/wakefullness
  • houses cranial nerves
  • contains ascending and descending fibers from spinal cord and cortex, also in and out of cerebellum
  • rhythmic and crude voluntary motor control
Term
Cranial Nerves
Definition
  • numbered according to rostral-caudal position
  • all cranial sensory neurons are neural crest derived except (I & II)
  • cranial motor neurons are basal plate, nueral tube derived.
  • closer to medulla (caudal) = more resemblance to spinal nerves
  • I, II, VIII: pure sensory
  • III, IV, VI, XI, XII: pure motor
  • V, VII, IX, X: mixed
Term
olfactory nerve (I)
Definition
  • terminates in olfactory bulb within nasal cavity (goes through bone!)
  • contains axons of sensory nerves derived from neural TUBE--> 
  • telecephalon--> rhinencephalon, specifically 
  • regarded as a special sensory nerve
Term
optic nerve (II)
Definition
  • develops from diencephalon, innervates retina
  • contains sensory nerves originating from neural TUBE cells.
  • regarded as a special sensory nerve
Term
oculomotor nerve (III)
Definition
  • first of three nerves that controls eye muscles for movement--> Somatic Motor
  • Also Visceral Motor: controls ciliary, iris, sphincter eye muscles, used for lens accomodation and pupil dilation

 

Term
Trochlear (IV)
Definition

second of the three nerves used for eye muscle movement

Sensory Motor: moves superior oblique muscle

Term
abducens nerve (VI)
Definition
  • thrid of three nerves for eye movement
  • Somatic Motor: moves lateral rectus muscle of eye

 

Term
trigeminal nerve (V)
Definition
  • main somatosensory afferent (SA) in front portion of face (sinuses, teeth)
  • Somatic Motor (SE)-- motor muscles for chewing (mastication)
Term
Facial Nerve (VII)
Definition

Somatic Motor: muscles for facial expression

Visceral Motor: lacrimation and salivation

Visceral Sensory: taste on the anterior 2/3rds of tongue.

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