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Gross Anatomy
Lecture 9
39
Anatomy
Graduate
02/27/2010

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Cards

Term
Anterior Arm and Forearm: Fascial Compartments
Definition
Lateral and medial septa divide upper limb into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments
Term
Anterior Arm and Forearm: Cubital Fossa
Definition
Triangular Recess in front of elbow
Term
Anterior Arm and Forearm: Borders
Definition
  • Brachioradialis (lateral)
  • Pronator Teres (medial)
  • Imaginary line joining lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus
Term
Anterior Arm and Forearm: Features
Definition
  • median nerve C5-T1
  • radial nerve C5-T1
  • biceps brachii tendinous insertion
  • terminal branching of brachial artery into radial and ulnar artery
  • subcutaneous median cubital vessel connects basilic and cephalic vein
Term
Anterior Arm and Forearm: Palpations
Definition
  1. biceps tendon in middle of fossa
  2. brachial artery medial to the tendon
  3. median nerve medial to the artery
Term
Tendons of all extensor & flexor mm. of forearm are prevented from "bowstringing" by?
Definition
Flexor and Extensor Retinacula
Term
Scapula
Definition

Coracoid Process: attachment for coracobrachialis & biceps short head

 

Supraglenoid tubercle: attachment for biceps brachii (long heads)

 

Infrglenoid tubercle: attachment for triceps brachii (long heads)

Term
Humerus
Definition

spiral (radial) groove: passage for radial nerve & profunda brachii

 

lateral & medial epicondyles: attachment for mm. of forearm

  • medial: common flexor tendon
  • lateral: common extensor tendon

lateral & medial supracondylar ridges: anchorage for septa

 

capitulum: articulates with head of radius

 

trochlea: articulates with olecranon of ulna

 

olecranon fossa: receives olecranon of ulna when forearm extends

Term
Radius: lateral bone of forearm
Definition

head: articulates with capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna

 

radial tuberosity: biceps brachii attaches

 

styloid process: attachment for radial collateral ligament of wrist

 

The styloid process is longer than that of ulna, so that the distal end of the radius is commonly fractured: Colles fracture

Term
Ulna: medial bone of forearm
Definition

olecranon: prominence of elbow, attachment for triceps brachii

 

semilunar (trochlear) notch: articulates with trochlea of humerus

 

coranoid process: anterior lip of above notch, brachialis m. attaches

 

radial notch: receives head of radius

 

head: rounded distal end articulates with wrist: articular disc permitting greater ulnar than radial deviation

 

styloid process: attachment for ulnar collateral ligament of wrist

Term
Vessels of Upper limb
Definition
  • brachial artery
  • Deep brachial artery (Profunda Brachii)
  • radial artery
Term
Brachial artery
Definition
  1. continuation of axillary artery at inferior border of teres major
  2. follows medial surface of arm to cubital fossa
  3. ends in radial and ulnar artery

 

Other branches include:

  • deep brachial (profunda brachii)
  • superior and inferior ulnar collateral aa.
  • muscular branches to anterior arm
Term
Deep Brachial Artery (Profunda brachii)
Definition
  • branch of brachial artery follows radial nerve in spiral groove on posterior humerus
  • continues as radial collateral artery to join lateral anastomosis at elbow
  • supplies triceps
Term
radial artery
Definition

terminal branch of brachial

lateral artery of forearm

is superficial by the styloid process

passes posteriorly into the snuffbox

ends in arterial arches of hand

radial recurrent, a branch, joins anastomosis at elbow

Term
Ulnar artery
Definition

terminal branch of brachial

medial artery of forearm

ends in arterial arches of hand

 

Branches include:

  • common interosseous artery: gives off anterior and posterior interosseous branches (supply deep structures of anterior and posterior forearm, adjacent to interosseous membrane)

 

  • anterior & posterior ulnar recurrent aa. & recurrent interosseous artery (all join anastomosis at elbow)

Term
Superficial veins
Definition

cephalic vein

basilic vein

veins of cubital fossa

Term
Cephalic Vein
Definition
  • Ascends lateral aspect of upper limb from dorsal venous arch of hand
  • traverses deltopectoral triangle into axillary vein
Term
Basilic vein
Definition

ascends medial

passes deeply to become axillary vein

Term
Veins of cubital fossa: Popular Site for phlebotomy
Definition

standard arrangement: median cubital vein ascends obliquely across cubital fossa to basilic vein

 

Common variation: Y-shaped union of median cephalic, median basilic and median antebrachial vein

Term
Anterior compartment of arm
Definition
muscles supplied by musculocutaneous nerve
Term
Coracobrachialis
Definition

attachements: coracoid process of scapula to medial border of mid-humerus

 

actions: flexion & adduction of humerus at shoulder

Term
biceps brachii
Definition

attachments:

coracoid process of scapula (short head) and supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) to radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis that protects the median nerve and brachial artery

 

actions:

  • flexion at elbow
  • supination against load
  • some flexion at shoulder
Term
brachialis
Definition

attachments: front of humerus to ulnar tuberosity & coranoid process of ulna

 

actions: flexion of forearm at elbow

 

innervation: radial nerve C5-C7

Term
Superficial muscles: all arise from medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Definition
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris ***
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus ***
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus

All are innervated by median nerve C7-T1 except flexor carpi ulnarus and flexor digitorum profundus

Term
Pronator Teres
Definition

attaches at midportion of lateral border of radius

 

actions: pronation

Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Definition

attachment at base of second metacarpal of hand

 

actions:

  • flexion of hand at wrist
  • ABduction of hand (radial deviation)
Term
Palmaris Longus
Definition

attachment at palmar aponeurosis

 

actions: flexion of hand at wrist

Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition

attachment at pisiform

hook of hamate& base of fifth metacarpal

 

actions:

  • flexion of hand at wrist
  • ADDuction of hand (ulnar deviation)

innervation: ulnar nerve C8-T1

Term
Intermediate muscle: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Definition

humeral head attachment at medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament & coranoid process

 

radial head to superior anterior border of radius; distal attachment to middle of phalanx of digits 2 through 5

 

actions: flexion of hand & digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints

Term
Deep Group Muscles
Definition
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus
  • Pronator Quadratus
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Definition

attachments: ulna & interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of digits 2-5

 

innervations:

  • median nerve (C5-T1: lateral part)
  • ulnar nerve( C8-T1: medial part)

actions: flexion of hand at wrist and of digits at MCP and all IP

 

Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Definition

attachments: from radius & interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of thumb

 

actions: flexion of phalanges of thumb

Term
Pronator Quadratus
Definition

attachments: from distal ulna to distal radius

 

actions: pronation

Term
Elbow Joint
Definition

consists of 3 joints surrounded by a capsular ligament

  1. hinge joint: between trochlea of humerus with semilunar (trochlear) notch of ulna; uniaxial limitation resides with humeroulnar half
  2. ball&socket joint: between capitulum of humerus & head of radius
  3. pivot joint: between head of radius & radial notch of ulna

 Posterior dislocations are most common, follow a fall on an outstretched arm

Term
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Definition
prevents "valgus" deviation (ABduction)
Term
Radial Collateral Ligament
Definition
prevents "varus" deviation (ADDuction)
Term
Annular Ligament of Radius
Definition
secures head of radius
Term
Proximal & Distal Radioulnar Joints
Definition

radial head glides against radial notch of ulna in pivoting type joint

 

distal end of radius has ulnar notch which glides over head of ulna in pronation/supination

 

radius & ulna secured to each other along most of their lengths by the interosseous membrane

Term
Brachioradialis
Definition

considered with both anterior and posterior compartments

 

attachments: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to styloid process of radius

 

actions: flexion of forearm at elbow

 

innervation: radial nerve C5-C7

 

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