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Gross Anatomy Unit I
Upper Extremity
80
Anatomy
Graduate
06/07/2011

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Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Thoracic Vertebra

 

A= Body

B= Vertebral Foramen

C= Superior costal facet: articulates with head of rib

D= Pedicle

E= Angle of articular facet

F= Transverse process: articulates with tubercle of rib

G= Spinous process: attaches with trapezius, rhomboids

H= Superior articular facet: articulates with adjacent vertebra

 

Bonus: Where is the lamina?

Term

[image]

 

Study and learn this image

Definition

References:

 

pg 21-34 Gray's Atlas

pg 77 Clinical Anatomy

Term

[image]

 

Study and learn this image

Definition

References:

 

pg 21-34 Gray's Atlas

pg 77 clinical Anat

Term
[image]
Definition

1= Subscapular fossa: attaches the subscapularis muscle

2= Glenoid cavity: articulates with head of humerus

3= Coracoid process: attaches conoid and trapezoid ligaments, pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps

4= Acromion: attaches deltoid muscle and articulates with clavicle

5= Superior border: attaches omohyoid muscle and transverse scapular ligament

6= Suprascapular notch: transmits suprascapular nerve

7= Superior Angle: attaches levator scapulae

8= Medial border: attaches rhomboids, serratus anterior

9= Inferior angle: attaches teres muscles

10= Lateral border

11= Infraglenoid tubercle: attaches long head of triceps

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Supraspinous fossa: attaches supraspinatus muscle

B= Suprascapular notch: transmits suprascapular nerve

C= Coracoid process: attaches conoid and trapezoid ligaments, pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps

D= Acromion: attaches deltoid muscle and articulates with clavicle

E= Spinoglenoid notch: transmits suprascapular nerve and vessels

F= Glenoid cavity: articulates with head of humerous

-Supraglenoid tubercle attaches long head of biceps

-Infraglenoid tubercle attaches long head of triceps 

G= Spine: attaches trapezius muscle

H= Lateral border

I= Infraspinous fossa: attaches infraspinatus muscle

J= Inferior angle: attaches teres muscles

K: Medial border= attaches rhomboids, serratus anterior

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Acromion

B= Supraglenoid tubercle: attaches long head of biceps

C= Coracoid process

D= Spine

E= Glenoid cavity

F= Infraglenoid tubercle: attaches long head of triceps

 

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Jugular notch

B= Clavicular notch: articulates with clavicle

C= Manubrium: attaches to pectoralis major

D= Body: attaches to pectoralis major

E= Xiphoid process

F= Articular facets for ribs

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Conoid tubercle: attaches conoid ligament

B= Trapezoid line: attaches trapezoid ligament

 

Other features:

Acromial end articulates with acromion

Sternal end articulates with sternum

Superior surface attaches sternocleidomastoid

Inferior surface attaches subclavius muscle (conoid tubercle, trapezoid line on inf. surface)

Anterior border attaches pectoralis major and deltoid

Posterior border attaches trapezius muscle

Term
Latissimus dorsi
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: spines of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
distal: intertubercular sulcus on anterior humerus
action: humoral adduction, extension, medial rotation
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Term
levator scapulae
-attachment
-action
-innervation
Definition
proximal: transverse process of upper cervical vertebra
distal: superior angle of scapula
action: elevation, inferior rotation of lateral angle of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Term
Rhomboids
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of low cervical/upper thoracic
distal: medial border of the sccapula
action:scapular retraction and inferior rotation of lateral angle
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Term
Trapezius
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: superial nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous process of C7-T12
distal: clavicle/acromion/spine of scapula
actions: scapular elevation, depression, retraction of scapula
innervation: accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), sensory C3-5
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia
Definition
-origin of latissimus dorsi
-covers deep muscles of the back
-attaches to spinous and transverse processes
Term
Ventral root
-contains what types of neurons?
Definition
skeletal muscle innervation- motor neurons
preganglionic sympathetic- motor neurons
preganglionic parasympathetic-motor neurons
Term
Dorsal root
-contains what types of neurons?
Definition
primary sensory neurons for skin, fascia, joints, muscles, bones, blood vessels
Term
Dorsal root ganglion
Definition
houses cell bodies of primary sensory neurons
Term
Ventral ramus
Definition
branch of the spinal nerve:
-primary sensory neurons
-motor neurons
-postganglionic sympathetic
-preganglionic parasympathetic

innervates anterior neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, pelvic wall, upper and lower extremity
Term
Dorsal ramus
Definition
Branch of the spinal nerve:
-primary sensory neurons, motor neurons, postganglionic sympathetic neurons

innervates posterior neck and back structures
Term
Ligamentum nuchae
-attachments
Definition
(nuchal ligament)
attaches from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance
Term
[image]
Definition

A=Head: articulates with glenoid cavity

B=Greater tubercle (superior, medial, inferior facets): attaches with supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

C= Intertubercular sulcus: biceps long head tendon passes through, attaches pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi

D= Lesser tubercle: attaches subscapularis

E= Anatomical neck: glenoid capsule attaches

F= Surgical neck

G=Deltoid tuberosity: attaches deltoid

H= Radial groove

Term
Pectoralis major
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: clavicle, sternum, aponeurosis of oblique, costal cartilage
distal:lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
action: humoral adduction, flexion, medial rotation
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Term
Pectoralis minor
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: ribs 3-5
distal: coracoid process of scapula
action: scapular protraction, depression
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Term
Serratus anterior
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: upper 8-10 ribs
distal: deep medial border of scapula
innervation: long thoracic nerve
Term
Subclavius
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: 1st rib
distal: acromial end of clavicle
actions: depress and stabilize clavicle
innervation: subclavius nerve
Term
Deltoid
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
distal: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
actions: humoral flexion, medial rotation, abduction, extension, lateral rotation
innervation: axillary nerve
Term
Subscapularis
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: subscapular fossa
distal: lesser tubercul of humerus
actions: medially rotates and adducts humerus
innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves
Term
Supraspinatus:
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: supraspinatus fossa
distal: superior impression of the greater tubercle of the humerus
actions: initiates humoral abduction
innervation: suprascapular nerve
Term
Teres major
-attachments
-action
-innervation
Definition
proximal: inferior angle of scapula
distal: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
actions: humoral adduction and medial rotation
innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Term
Infraspinatus
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: infraspinatus fossa
distal: middle impression of the greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve
Term
Teres minor:
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
proximal: lateral border of scapula
distal: inferior impression of greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve
Term
Lymphatics-
Apical nodes
Definition
drains lymph from all other axillary nodes and dumps into the subclavian lymphatic trunks
located near rib2, along axillary vein vein
Term
Lymphatics-
Lateral nodes
Definition
aka humeral nodes.
drains all lymph from upper limb except lymph carried along cephalic vein. drains supratrochlear nodes.
lymph from lateral nodes drains into central and apical nodes
located in axilla along axillary vein
Term
Lymphatics-
Anterior nodes
Definition
aka pectoral nodes
drain pectoral muscles and breast
lymph from anterior nodes drains into central and apical nodes
located on inferior border of pectoralis minor
Term
Lymphatics-
Posterior nodes
Definition
aka subscapular nodes
drains posterior shoulder
lymph from posterior nodes drains into the lateral and central nodes
located in deep axilla
Term
Lymphatics-
Infraclavicular nodes
Definition
drain lymph from lateral arm and shoulder following cephalic vein
located near coracoid process along superior aspect of cephalic vein
Term
Lymphatics-
Supratrochlear nodes
Definition
aka cubital nodes
drain lymph from medial aspect of hand and forearm following basilic vein
located in cubital fossa along basilic vein
Term
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Definition
Part of brachial plexus, branch of spinal nerve C5
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of levator scapulae and rhomboids
Term
Long Thoracic Nerve
Definition
Part of Brachial plexus. Branches off spinal nerves C5-C7
Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of serratus anterior
Term
Suprascapular nerve
Definition
Branch of the Upper trunk (C5-6) of the Brachial Plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to supraspinatus, infraspinatus
Term
Nerve to Subclavius
Definition
Branch of upper trunk (C5-C6)of brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of subclavius
Term
Lateral Pectoral nerve
Definition
Branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of pectoralis major and minor
Term
Medial Pectoral nerve
Definition
Branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of pectoralis major and minor
Term
Medial cutaneous nerves
Definition
branch of medial cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin on medial side of arm and forearm
Term
Upper subscapular nerve
Definition
branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of the subscapularis
Term
Thoracodorsal nerve
Definition
a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of latissimus dorsi
Term
Lower subscapular nerve
Definition
branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of subscapularis and teres major
Term
Axillary nerve
Definition
branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, motor innervation of deltoid and teres minor
Term
[image]
Definition

A= Deltoid tuberosity

B= Coronoid fossa: accomodates coronoid process of ulna

C= Olecranon Fossa: accomodates olecranon process of ulna

D= Lateral epicondyle: attaches common extensor tendon

-Lateral supracondylar ridge: attaches extensor carpi radialis longus and brachioradialis

E= Medial epicondyle: attaches common flexor tendon and pronator teres

-Medial supracondylar ridge

F= Trochlea: articulates with trochlear notch of ulnda

G= Capitulum: articulates with radius

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Head: articulates with capitulum of humerus

B= Radial Tuberosity: attaches biceps muscle

C= Interosseous border: Attaches interosseous membrane

D= Carpal Articula Surface

E= Styloid process

 

(Not shown= Dorsal tubercle)

Term
[image]
Definition

A= Olecranon process: attaches triceps muscle

B= Trochlear notch: articulates with trochlea

C= Radial notch: articulates with the head of radius

D= Coronoid process: attaches brachialis muscle

E= Unlar tuberosity: attaches brachialis muscle

F= Interosseous border: attaches interosseous membrane

G= Styloid process

Term
Aconeous
-attachments
-action
-innervation
Definition
lateral epicondyle humerus to olecranon
action: forearm extension
innervation: radial nerve
Term
Biceps Brachii
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
attaches: coracoid process- short, supraglenouid tubercle of scapula- long to radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
action: flexion of arm and forearm, supination
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Term
Brachialis
-attachments
-actions
-innervation
Definition
shaft of humerus to coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
action: forearm flexion
innervation: musculocutaneous and radial
Term
Coracobrachialis
-atttachments
-action
-innervation
Definition
coracoid process to shaft of humerus
action: flexion and adduction arm
innervation: musculocutaneous
Term
Triceps
-attachments
-action
-innervation
Definition
long head: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head: proximal posterolateral shaft of humerus
medial head: distal posteromedial shaft of humerus
to olecranon process
action: extension arm and forearm
innervation: radial nerve
Term
Anterior Compartment Arm
-Muscles
-artery
-nerve
Definition
Flexors of shoulder and elbow
Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis (also radial innervation)
Common Artery: Brachial Artery
Common Nerve: Musculocutaneous
Term
Posterior Compartment Arm
-muscles
-artery
-nerve
Definition
Extensors of shoulder and elbow
Triceps, Aconeus
Common Artery: Profunda brachii artery
Common Nerve: Radial Nerve
Term
Anterior Compartment Forearm
-muscles
-artery
-nerve
Definition
Flexors and Pronators of forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi ulnaris, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Palmaris longus, Pronator quadratus, Pronator teres
Common Artery: Ulnar artery, anterior interosseous
Common Nerve: Median nerve (some ulnar nerve)
Term
Posterior Compartment Forearm
-muscles
-arteries
-nerve
Definition
Extensors and Supinators of Forearm
Abductor pollicis longus, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor indicis, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus, Supinator
Common Artery: Radial Artery, Ulnar Artery, Posterior interosseous
Common Nerve: Radial
Term
What muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of forearm?
Definition
Pronator Teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
What muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus
Term
What muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris, aconeus
Term
What muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor indicis
Term
What muscles attach at the common extensor origin? (4)
Definition
common extensor origin= lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Term
What muscles attach at the common flexor origin? (4)
Definition
Common flexor origin= medial epicondyle humerus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus
Term
What muscles adduct the arm?
Definition
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Term
What muscles abduct the arm?
Definition
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Term
What muscles flex the arm?
Definition
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Term
What muscles extend the arm?
Definition
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Triceps Brachii
Term
What muscles laterally rotate the arm?
Definition
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Term
What muscles medially rotate the arm?
Definition
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Teres major
Term
What muscles protract the scapula?
Definition
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Term
What muscles retract the scapula?
Definition
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Term
What muscles elevate the scapula?
Definition
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Term
What muscles depress the scapula?
Definition
Pectoralis minor
Trapezius
Term
What muscles downwardly rotate the scapula?
Definition
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Term
What muscles upwardly rotate the scapula?
Definition
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Term
What muscles extend the forearm?
Definition
Triceps brachii
Aconeus
Term
What muscles flex the forearm?
Definition
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
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