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Gross Anatomy Test 1
Study Guide
116
Anatomy
Graduate
05/23/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

 

ORIGIN?

Definition

1. ligamentum nuchae

2. spinous processes of Cv7 - Tv6

Term

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

 

INSERTION?

Definition

 mastoid process(lateral 1/3 of nuchal line) 

transverse processes of cv2 & cv3

Term

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

 

FUNCTION?

Definition

1. extend the head and neck (bilateral)

2. same-side head rotation (unilateral) aka "ipsilateral" head rotation

Term

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

 

INNERVATION?

Definition
dorsal primary rami
Term

Most powerful deep back muscle

 

Definition
erector spinae muscles
Term
Principal extensor of the back
Definition
erector spinae muscles
Term

erector spinae muscles

 

Consists of what 3 columns of fibers?

Definition

1. spinalis

2. longissimus

3. iliocostalis

Term

erector spinae muscles

 

INNERVATION?

 

Definition
dorsal primary rami
Term

TRANSVERSOSPINAL GROUP OF MUSCLES

 

Made up of which muscles?

Definition

Multifidus muscles

 - extend 3 to 5 segments

 

Rotator muscles

 - deepest

 - extend 1 or 2 segments

 

Semispinalis muscles

 - most superficial

 - most priminent

 - extend 6 segments

 

Remember MRS. 316 

Term

transversospinal group of muscles

 

FUNCTION?

Definition
rotation of vertebral column to opposite side
Term

transversospinal group of muscles

 

INNERVATION?

Definition
dorsal primary rami
Term

suboccipital triangle

 

What is it?

Definition

- Space related to the occipital bone and the 1st 2 cervical vertebrae

 

- bounded my muscles

 

- contains the vertebral artery

 

Term
Muscles of the suboccipital triangle?
Definition

1. superior oblique muscle

 

2. inferior oblique muscle

 

3. rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

 

4. rectus capitis posterior major muscle

Term

obliquus capitis inferior

 

origin and instertion?

Definition

origin:

 

spine of cv2

 

insertion:

 

transverse process of cv1

 

 

Term

obliquus capitis superior

 

origin and insertion?

Definition

origin:

 

transverse process of cv1

 

insertion:

 

occipital bone

Term

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

 

origin and insertion?

Definition

origin:

 

posterior tubercle of cv1

 

insertion:

 

occipital bone

 

 

Term

rectus capitis posterior major muscle

 

origin and insertion?

Definition

origin:

 

spinous process of cv2

 

insertion:

 

occipital bone

Term

suboccipital triangle muscles

 

INNERVATION?

Definition

all 4:

 

suboccipital nerve

dorsal/posterior ramus of c1

Term

suboccipital triangle muscles

 

FUNCTION?

Definition

all 4:

 

- extend the head

- rotate the head and atlas to the same side

Term
suboccipital triangle is covered by which 3 muscles?
Definition

1. trapezius muscle

2. splenis capitis muscle

3. semispinalis capitis muscle

Term
Contents of the vertebral canal (list 5 things)?
Definition

1. spinal cord

2. dorsal and ventral nerve roots

3. meninges

4. extra-dural fat

5. venous plexus

Term

spinal cord

 

Extends from what to what?

Definition
Spinal cord extends from the brainstem to the level of intervertebral disc between Lv1 and Lv2
Term
Why does the spinal cord have cervical & lumbosacral enlargements?
Definition
The enlargements correspnd to the levels of the spinal cord giving rise to the nerve plexuses which serve the limbs.
Term
Spinal cord tapers at the end to form the... ?
Definition
conus medullaris
Term
What is the swelling on the dorsal root near the junction?
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
cauda equina
Definition
the spinal roots in the lumbar and upper sacral region
Term
segments in the thoracic region are referred to as what?
Definition

typical

 

**Everywhere else the structures are called atypical because they have lost their segmental pattern

Term

C1 - C7 spinal nerves exit ____ the same numbered vertebrae.

 

 

Definition

above.

 

All others exit below, except C8 which exits between the Cv7 and Tv1.

Term
the widest vertebrae
Definition
Atlas - C1
Term
spinal cord segments are... ?
Definition
area of spinal cord to which dorsal and ventral roots attach
Term
where are lumbar spinal cord segments located?
Definition
TV11 to TV12
Term
where are sacral spinal cord segments located?
Definition
the level of LV1 and LV2
Term
[image]
Definition
trapezius
Term
[image]
Definition
erector spinae
Term
[image]
Definition
latissimus dorsi
Term
[image]
Definition

levator scapulae

muscle

Term
[image]
Definition
rhomboid major
Term
[image]
Definition
rhomboid minor
Term
[image]
Definition
serratus posterior inferior
Term
[image]
Definition
splenis capitis
Term
[image]
Definition
trapezius
Term
most suprficial back muscle
Definition
trapezius
Term

trapezius

 

ORIGIN?

Definition

from the superior nuchal line,

the external occipital protuberance

ligamentum nuchae

spinous processes of CV7 - TV12

Term

trapezius

 

INSERTION?

Definition

lateral third of clavicle

acromion process

spine of the scapula

 

(middle & lower fibers insert at the medial end of the spine of the scapula)

Term

trapezius

 

INNERVATION?

Definition

accessory nerve - CN11 (not spinal nerve/motor)

 

C3 and C4 nerves (spinal nerve/sensory)

Term

trapezius

 

BLOOD SUPPLY?

Definition
superficial branch of transverse cervical vessels
Term

trapezius

 

FUNCTIONS

Definition
  • upper fibers elevate the shoulder
  • middle fibers retract the shoulders
  • upper and lower fibers together rotate the scapula to allow full abduction of the arm
Term
What do the deep muscles of the back generally influence?
Definition
axial skeleton/ head and vertebral column
Term

deep muscles of the back

 

GENERAL FUNCTIONS?

Definition
  • mechanical support
  • extend the vertebral column
  • bend the vertebral column
  • posture
  • balance of head and neck
Term
Deep muscles of the back - intrinsic or extrinsic?
Definition

INTRINSIC

 

Motor innervation comes from dorsal primary rami

Term
Pathway of motor innervation for intrinsic (deep back) muscles from CNS
Definition

ventral root

*

nerve proper

*

dorsal/posterior ramus

*

to deep back muscles

 

Term

deep muscles of the back

 

BLOOD SUPPLY?

 

Definition

vertebral artery

deep cervical artery

occipital artery

transverse cervical artery

posterior intercostal artery

subcostal artery

lumbar artery

lateral sacral artery

(from cranial to caudal)

 

Term

superficial muscles of the back

 

intrisic or extrinsic?

Definition

EXTRINSIC

 

*motor innervation comes from the ventral primary rami

Term
True or false?  Superficial fascia acts as a membrane for the deep muscles of the back.
Definition

FALSE.

 

The tharocolumbar fascia acts like a membrane for the deep muscles of the back.

Term
erector spinae muscles
Definition
Term
the occipital nerve can also be called the...
Definition

dorsal/posterior rami of C1

 

*which has no dermatome (sensory) but does have a myotome (motor)

Term
greater occipital nerve
Definition
dorsal ramus of C2
Term
third occipital nerve
Definition
dorsal ramus of C3
Term
Midline
Definition
imaginary line in the front and back from top to bottom dividing the body in equal halves
Term
Median section / median plane
Definition

cuts through the midline

from front to back cuts the body into 2 equal halves

Term
sagittal section / sagittal plane
Definition
parallel cut to median/midsagittal section; always lateral to median section
Term
horizontal section/plane
Definition

90 degrees from median and sagittal sections

-Can be anywhere head to toe

 

aka axial / transaxial section / plain

Term
coronal section
Definition

aka frontal section or coronal plane

 

90 degrees from median, sagital, and horizontal planes

 

partitions body from top to bottom into front and back halves

Term

this vertebrae:

has no body

no spinous process

has posterior and anterior arches

has transverse foramen

has groove for vertebral artery on superior

Definition
Atlas - C1
Term
transverse section
Definition
a section through the horizontal plane
Term
ventral
Definition
front
Term
anterior
Definition
front
Term
posterior
Definition
back
Term
dorsal
Definition
back
Term
superior
Definition
up / above
Term
inferior
Definition
down / below
Term
rostral
Definition
at or near the front end
Term
cranial
Definition

superior end

head end

Term
caudal
Definition

inferior end

tail end

Term
lateral
Definition
away from midline
Term
medial
Definition
close to midline
Term
proximal
Definition
close to origin
Term
distal
Definition
away from the origin
Term
superficial
Definition
at or close to the surface
Term
deep
Definition
away from surface
Term

vertebral column

consists of...?

Definition

individual vertebrae

intervertebral disks

ligaments

Term

vertebral column

 

FUNCTIONS?

Definition

- protects the spinal cord

- supports the skull

- serves as attachments for ribs, muscles and ligaments

Term

How many vertebrae are there total?

 

In each region?

Definition

33 total

 

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

4 coccyx

 

*presacral (CV + TV + LV) = 24

Term
primary curvatures
Definition
  • present at birth
  • concave anteriorly
  • thoracic and sacral

(convexity is on back)

Term
secondary curvatures (of vertebral column)
Definition
  • develop after birth
  • convex anteriorly
  • cervical and lumbar
Term
3 types of abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column
Definition

1. kyphosis

 

exaggerated thoracic curvature

 

2. lordosis

 

exaggerated lumbar curvature

 

3. scoliosis

 

an abnormal lateral curvature

Term
anterior portion of vertebrae - supports the weight of the body
Definition
body
Term
anterior portion of the vertebrae - protects the spinal cord
Definition
vertebral arch
Term
Which part of vertebrae connects the lamina/arch to the body?
Definition
pedicle
Term
Which part of the vertebrae connect the pedicles to the spinal process
Definition
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
openning formed by the vertebral arch and body
Term
What is formed by the adjacent vertebral foramen?
Definition
vertebral canal
Term
This process on vertebrae projects posteriorly and attachees to the midline between the lamina
Definition
spinous  process
Term
What parts of vertebrae project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicles
Definition

transverse processes

*there are 2

Term
These project superiorly and inferiorly from the region of the junction of pedicles and laminae
Definition

2 superior articular processes

2 inferior articular processes

Term
Adjacent superior and inferior vertebral notches form the...?
Definition

intervertebral foramen

 

*ventral and dorsal roots pass through these

Term

Which vertebral region is this?

 

bodies are small and oval

spines mostly bifid

transverse processes contain a foreman

Definition
cervical vertebrae
Term
indentation of the vertebral body and superior articular process
Definition
superior vertebral notch
Term
indentation of the pedicle
Definition
inferior vertebral notch
Term
strongest cervical vertebrae
Definition
Axis - C2
Term

this vertebrae has:

bifid spinous process

a body with a projection (dens)

Definition
Axis - C2
Term

this is the rotation point for the skull

it is held in place by the transverse ligament of axis

Definition

dens

 

aka odontoid process

Term

These vertebrae (region):

 

have heart-shaped bodies

spinous process are long & triangular

has costal facets on the vertebral body and transverse process

Definition
thoracic vertebrae - TV
Term
2 parts of the intervertebral disks
Definition

1. annulus fibrosus (more fibrous)

 

outer portion consists of bundles of collagen fibers & fibrocartilage

 

2. nucleus pulposus (more hydrated)

 

inner portion is gelatinous in nature & w/ high water content

Term
Which are the atypical vertebrae?
Definition

C1 - atlas

C2 - axis

C7 - vertebra prominens

Term

True or False?

 

There are no intervertebral disks between CV1 and CV2.

Definition
True
Term
anterior longitudinal ligament 
Definition

on anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae from CV1 to sacrum

 

Term
posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition

runs posterior to the bodies of vertebrae from axis/CV2 to sacrum

 

Term
ligamentum flavum
Definition
  • The yellow elastic ligament attaching lamina to lamin of adjacent vertebrae
  • within the vertebral canal
  • very strong
  • extends from midline to articular processes
Term
supraspinous ligament
Definition
strong fibrous cord which connects spinous processes of each vertebra CV7 to sacrum
Term
ligamentum nuchae
Definition

an upward extension of the supraspinous ligament from CV7 to external occipital protuberance

 

midline structure which serves as attachment for ligaments

Term
____ ligaments surround the ____ joints between adjacent articular processes superiorly and inferiorly.
Definition
Capsular ligaments surround the synovial joints between adjacent articular processes superiorly and inferiorly.
Term
Adjacent spinous and transverse processes are joined by _____ and _____ ligaments
Definition
Adjacent spinous and transverse processes are joined by interspinous and intertransverse ligaments
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