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Gross Anatomy of the Human Muscular System
Definitions from Lab Manual
7
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/05/2011

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Term
Prime Movers (agonist)
Definition
muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement; provides major force
ex. biceps brachii (prime mover of forearm flexion)
Term
Antagonists
Definition
reverses action of agonists; muscles that oppose or reverse a movement; regulate the prime move by providing resistance to prevent overshoot or to stop its action
ex. triceps brachii (antagonists of biceps brachii-prime mover of forearm extension)
Term
Synergists
Definition
aid the action of agonists by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
ex. brachioradialis (synergist of biceps brachii)
Term
Fixators [fixation muscles]
Definition
specialized synergists; immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion. Muscles that help maintain posture are fixators.
*fix other joints to perform certain action
ex. muscles that maintain posture
Term
Naming skeletal Muscles
Definition
  • direction of muscle fibers
  • relative size of the muscle
  • location (some are named for the bone it is associated with)
  • number of origins
  • location of the muscle's origin and insertion
  • shape 
  • action
Term
Insertion Point
Definition
The end of the muscle that is attached to the bone that moves more
Term
Antagonists and synergists work with agonists to...
Definition
produce smooth coordinated and precise movements.
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