Term
|
Definition
| most superficial layer; has papillae; creates fingerprint, epidermis follows indentations |
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Term
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Definition
| deep to papillary layer; sweat glands, sebaceous glands, & hair follicles; is thicker in thick skin |
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Term
| Stratum Basale (basal layer; a.k.a. stratum germinativum) |
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Definition
| single layer of cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane; cells constantly dividing mitotically |
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Term
| Stratum Spinosum (spiny layer) |
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Definition
| 2-3 layers of polygonal-shaped cells; cells still alive in this level |
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Term
| Stratum Granulosum (granular layer) |
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Definition
| 3-4 layers of granular, flattened cell; cells undergo keratinization here |
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Term
| Stratum Lucidum (clear layer) |
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Definition
| only seen in thick skin; 2-3 layers of flattened, anucleate cells |
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Term
| Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer) 25-30 layers of dead |
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Definition
| anucleated cells; outer cells are constantly shed |
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Term
| Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer) |
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Definition
| 25-30 layers of dead, anucleated cells; outer cells are constantly shed |
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Term
|
Definition
| most superficial layer; has papillae; creates fingerprint, epidermis follows indentations |
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Term
|
Definition
| deep to papillary layer; sweat glands, sebaceous glands, & hair follicles; is thicker in thick skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| middle layer- dense irregular connective tissue- contains many blood vessels- contains nerve endings, hair follicles, glands- papillae (projections of dermal tissue into the epidermis) |
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Term
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Definition
| form from stratum corneum of epidermis- function: protection and grasping |
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Term
|
Definition
| associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum (oil); functions: lubrication and waterproofing |
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Term
|
Definition
| found throughout most of skin- release perspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| bulb, root, and shaft- function: protection- arrector pili muscle associated with root, sympathetic innervation |
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Term
|
Definition
| in external auditory canal- secrete cerumen (earwax) |
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Term
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Definition
| A. deepest layerB. loose CT and adipose tissueC. a.k.a. superficial fascia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dense connective tissue covering musclesa.k.a. epimysium |
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Term
| LYMPHATICS: What are they and What do they do? |
|
Definition
| A. Lymphatic system drains, filters and recirculates extracellular fluidB. Tiny lymph vessels are found throughout the body. These vessels collect extracellular fluid.C. Along the path there are lymph nodes where lymphocytes are exposed to any antigens in the lymph fluidD. The lymph fluid eventually is circulated back into the venous blood. More on how this happens later |
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Term
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Definition
| area of skin innervated by a single spinal cord segment |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle fibers innervated by a single spinal cord segment |
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Term
| First-degree (superficial) burns |
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Definition
| 1. First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin.2. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example.3. Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color. |
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Term
| Second-degree (partial thickness) burns |
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Definition
| 1. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin.2. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful. |
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Term
| Third-degree (full thickness) burns |
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Definition
| 1. Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis.2. May also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.3. The burn site appears white or charred.4. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Internal is automatic; relaxation of spincter; External is somatic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sutures, syndesmosis, Gomphosis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| are little synovial sac, usually run b/w tendons and bones. |
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|
Term
| Intervertebral discs joint |
|
Definition
| Cartilaginous joints, Symphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| has joint capsule; Articulation supported by ligaments; Inner surface produce synovial fluid; Articulating surface lines with hyaline cartilage, very smooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| epiphyseal plate, Costochondral joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of elbow joint, finger joints; One degree of freedom |
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Term
|
Definition
| only one true pivot joint - b/w C1 and C2; one degree of freedom |
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Term
|
Definition
| 3 degree of freedom; Intervertebral facet joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| convex and concave; 2 degree of freedom |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage binds the bones together; no joint cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| ligaments support articulating bones; includes a joint cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. the options for movement are greater2. the distal end is not fixed so the chain is freely moveable3. movement at one link does not determine movement at other segments |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. the option for movement is restricted2. the segments are closed or fixed at the distal end of the chain3. movement at one link produces predictable movement in other segments |
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Term
|
Definition
| retroperitoneal; surrounded by fat, connective tissue, renal fascia; move with respiration; left kidney higher than right (left at ribs 11 and 12; right at rib 12) |
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Term
|
Definition
| People may have back pain; Full of coagulated blood; Palpable;Ruptured aneurysm has high mortality (50-70%); Due to congental or acquired weakness in arterial wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| renal aa. (L and R off aorta); 30% may have aberrant aa. that enter at hilus or somewhere else on the kidney; venous drainage into IVC via renal veins |
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Term
|
Definition
| may occur in pregnancy. It is a distension of the kidney due to; enlargement of ovarian a. which compresses the ureter |
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Term
|
Definition
| run downward and medially in front of psoas major; ureter is smooth muscular tube; are crossed anteriorly by gonadal vessels |
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|
Term
| suprarenal gland (aka adrenal gland) |
|
Definition
| retroperitoneal; endocrine gland; needs a lot of blood supply. Each has single vein; right adrenal triangular; left adrenal half moon-shaped |
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|
Term
| Suprarenal - Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
| each one has multiple aa. from; aorta; inferior phrenic a. (from aorta); renal aa. |
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|
Term
| Suprarenal - Venous Drainage |
|
Definition
| each gland has only one vein; left to left renal vein; right to IVC |
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Term
|
Definition
| Endorine; Cortex secretes corticosteroids; Medulla secretes epinephrine |
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|
Term
| Quadratus Lumborum - Origins |
|
Definition
| O-iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament (runs btwn iliac crest and L5 T-proc), transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae |
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|
Term
| Quadratus Lumborum - insertions |
|
Definition
| transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, 12th rib |
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|
Term
| Quadratus Lumborum - Innervation |
|
Definition
| Ventral rami, N - L12, T 1,2,3 (nearby) |
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Term
|
Definition
| all lumbar transverse processes and vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs; crosses sacroiliac joint anteriorly |
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Term
|
Definition
| lesser trochanter of femur |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with highest fibers of psoas major |
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Term
|
Definition
| long tendon inserts on pubic crest |
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Term
|
Definition
| ventral rami of upper lumbar levels |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Superior thoracic aperture |
|
Definition
| opening between 1st ribs, slopes downward and forward to sternum |
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|
Term
| Inferior thoracic aperture |
|
Definition
| bounded by 12th thoracic vertebra, 12th ribs, costal cartilages, sternum; covered by diaphragm |
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|
Term
| Joint between 1st costal cartilage of 1st rib and sternum (sternochondral joint) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Joints between other (2nd - 7th) costal cartilages and sternum are |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The joints of 2nd to 7th pairs of costal cartilages articulates with the sternum are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Head of rib articulates with body of vertebra of what # and # |
|
Definition
| same number and with the body of the vertebra above. |
|
|
Term
| Costovertebral joints (synovial) |
|
Definition
| Head of rib articulates with body of vertebra of same number and with the body of the vertebra above; Except for the 1st rib and ribs 10 (sometimes), 11, and 12 which articulate only with their own vertebra. |
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|
Term
| Costotransverse joints (synovial) |
|
Definition
| With the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of its own vertebra (ribs 11 and 12 do not have this) |
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|
Term
| External Intercostal Muscle |
|
Definition
| runs between adjacent ribs; from tubercle of ribs to costochondral junction; fibers run downward and forward; anteriorly external intercostal membrane continues to sternum |
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|
Term
| Internal Intercostal Muscle |
|
Definition
| from sternum to costal angle; fibers run downward and backward; continues posteriorly as the internal intercostal membrane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| less developed that the other 2; runs in same direction as internal intercostal; found only in the middle section of the intercostal space; nerves and vessels run between it and internal intercostal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| on inner surface of posterior thorax; fibers cross 2 or 3 ribs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| on inner surface of anterior thorax; runs from sternum to costal cartilage; helps to secure blood vessels; helps to maintain thoracic wall during respiration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Quiet Inspiration diaphragm; Quiet Expiration Passive recoil |
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|
Term
| Breathing with Effort - Inspiration |
|
Definition
| external intercostals, interchondral part of internal intercostals, sternocleidomastoid and scalenes, even possibly pectoral muscles with reverse action |
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|
Term
| Breathing with Effort - Expiration |
|
Definition
| Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles |
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|
Term
| Posterior Intercostal Arteries |
|
Definition
| from thoracic aorta; run in intercostal spaces 3-11; spaces 1 and 2 supplied by branches of the subclavian arteries |
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|
Term
| Internal thoracic a. bifurcates into |
|
Definition
| musculophrenic a.; superior epigastric a. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| goes to diaphragm; gives off anterior intercostal aa. to lower spaces |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| coming from internal thoracic a.; continues into abdomen |
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|
Term
| The anterior and posterior intercostal aa. run between |
|
Definition
| the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost intercostal muscle in the costal groove along with intercostal nerve and vein. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cutaneous branches; muscular branches |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Intercostal Veins |
|
Definition
| drain into azygos or hemiazygos veins to superior vena cava |
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|
Term
| Anterior Intercostal Veins |
|
Definition
| drain into the internal thoracic veins to brachiocephalic veins on each side |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches to ribs via connective tissue called endothoracic fascia. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Named according to where it attaches; costal pleura; diaphragmatic pleura; mediastinal pleura; cupula of pleura |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| on inner surface of anterior thorax-runs from sternum to costal cartilage-helps to secure blood vessels-helps to maintain thoracic wall during respiration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| true ribs; connecting directly to sternum via costal cartilage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| are false ribs; 11th-12th are floating ribs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| intercostal, maybe some cervical |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle of facial expression, extends over clavicle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Covers pectoralis major muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| encloses pectoralis minor; Attaches to clavicle |
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|
Term
| External Intercostal Muscle |
|
Definition
| -runs between adjacent ribs-from tubercle of ribs to costochondral junction-fibers run downward and forward-anteriorly external intercostal membrane continues to sternum |
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|
Term
| Internal Intercostal Muscle |
|
Definition
| -from sternum to costal angle-fibers run downward and backward-continues posteriorly as the internal intercostal membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -less developed that the other 2-runs in same direction as internal intercostal-found only in the middle section of the intercostal space-nerves and vessels run between it and internal intercostal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| -on inner surface of posterior thorax-fibers cross 2 or 3 ribs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| -on inner surface of anterior thorax-runs from sternum to costal cartilage-helps to secure blood vessels-helps to maintain thoracic wall during respiration |
|
|
Term
| The middle lobe of right lung |
|
Definition
| is bounded superiorly by the horizontal fissure and inferiorly by the oblique fissure |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart and roots of the great vessels: ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closely covers the lungs including those within horizontal and oblique fissures |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| adhere with mediastinum, diaphragm, and thoracic wall |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| outer layer, blends with roots of great vessels; in contact with pleura; phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic vessels located on either side; fused to central tendon of diaphragm |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an epithelium that produces fluid |
|
|
Term
| visceral serous pericardium |
|
Definition
| epicardium; lines the surface of the heart; at points is continuous with parietal serous pericardium |
|
|
Term
| parietal serous pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
Definition
| passes under arch of aorta lateral to ligamentum arteriosum; ascends between esophagus and trachea to larynx (right recurrent laryngeal loops under subclavian a; not in mediastinum) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Infrahyoid Muscles; Internal Thoracic Arteries; Thymus Gland; Brachiocephalic Veins; Superior Vena Cava; Left Phrenic Nerve; Right Phrenic Nerve; Arch of the Aorta; Left Vagus; Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| generates white blood cells; atrophies in adult; fatty remnant of 2 lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C3,4,5 innervation of diaphragm; runs behind left brachiocephalic vein then anterior to arch of aorta; runs through middle mediastinum on pericardial sac anterior to root of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs along right brachiocephalic vein, then posterior to superior vena cava; also runs along pericardial sac in middle mediastinum anterior to the root of the lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| attaches inferior surface of arch with left pulmonary artery; a small ligament attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk and the inferior surface of the aortic arch. It is a nonfunctional vestige of the ductus arteriosus, and is formed within three weeks of birth |
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Term
|
Definition
| descends along left common carotid artery; anterior to arch to aorta; gives of recurrent laryngeal nerve; passes posterior to root of the lung to posterior mediastinum; to esophagus to form esophageal plexus |
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|
Term
| Left recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
Definition
| passes under arch of aorta lateral to ligamentum arteriosum; ascends between esophagus and trachea to larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| attaches inferior surface of arch with left pulmonary artery. It is the remnant of ductus arteriosus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| crosses right bronchus posteriorly toward esophagus; passes posterior to root of lung; enters posterior mediastinum; (right recurrent laryngeal loops under subclavian a; not in mediastinum) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a hole in the human diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| ascends from abdomen through aortic hiatus; lymphatic drainage from below diaphragm; ascends posterior to esophagus between azygos v. and aorta; empties at junction between left subclavian and jugular veins (in neck) |
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Term
|
Definition
| bifurcates at lower border of superior mediastinum (T4) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 of them: 1. superficial cardiac plexus medial to ligamentum arteriosum; 2. deep cardiac plexus deep to the arch of the aorta |
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|
Term
| Cardiac Plexuses - Contributions from |
|
Definition
| Vagus (upper and lower cervical cardiac branches and thoracic cardiac branches); Sympathetic- branch from each cervical sympathetic ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind trachea; passes through esophageal hiatus in diaphragm |
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|
Term
| Where does thoracic duct empty into |
|
Definition
| empties at junction between left subclavian and jugular veins (in neck) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Branches to (structure along the way i.e.): bronchi and esophagus, posterior intercostal arteries, diaphragm; then passes through aortic hiatus to enter abdomen |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| consists primarily of fibers from the left vagus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| consists primarily of fibers from the right vagus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| drains blood from body wall; azygos vein on right (larger); hemiazygos (inferiorly) and accessory hemiazygos (superiorly) on left. Interconnected with each other and drain by connecting veins into; azygos; azygos extends up to T4 then loops over the root of the lung and then empties into superior vena cava |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein |
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Term
|
Definition
| arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Chain and Ganglia |
|
Definition
| covered by pleura superiorly; grey and white communicantes for each spinal nerve; 11 or 12 ganglia; Splanchnic Nervee; preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – groin, upper most thigh |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial vein from arm runs in groove between deltoid and pectoralis major. It pierces clavipectoral fascia to empty into axillary vein. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Branch of axillary arteryHas clavicular, deltoid, acromial and pectoral branches |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior knob, “sit” bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior projection between greater (ilium) and lesser (ischium) sciatic notches |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| extend forward forming inferior border of obturator foramen. Joins with inferior pubic ramus to form ischiopubic ramus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| forms anterior/inferior region of os coxa; unites with pubis on other side |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| extends laterally from symphysis on anterior surface |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| raised area lateral to crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributes to superior border of obturator foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributes to inferior border of obturator foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on inner superior surface, continuous with arcuate line of ilium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest, most superior part of os coxa, “wing” |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articular surface of sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closed in life as foramen by ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends posteriorly from pectineal line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by the crest and pectineal line of the pubis, the arcuate line of the ilium and the ala and promontory of the sacrum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior protrusion of S1 vertebrae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articulating surface of S1 join |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the fatty, superficial layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the deep membranous layer or surface that opposes the deep fascia covering the muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white stuff in the midle, fuse in the midline; def; broad, flat tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where aponeurosis of left and right sides fuse; extends from xiphoid process to pubis |
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|
Term
| External Abdominal Oblique - Origin |
|
Definition
| Slips from lower 8 ribs; (interdigitates with serratus anterior; external oblique shares the same ribs with serratu anterior); runs medially and downward |
|
|
Term
| External Abdominal Oblique - Insertion |
|
Definition
| aponeurosis fuses at linea alba; contributes to rectus sheath; iliac crest and ASIS; pubic tubercle, crest and symphysis; lower free edge forms inguinal ligament (ASIS to pubic tubercle) |
|
|
Term
| External Abdominal Oblique - Innervation |
|
Definition
| All abdominal muscles are innervated segmentally by T7-T12 or L1 |
|
|
Term
| Internal Abdominal Oblique - Origin |
|
Definition
| Fascia of the back (thoracolumbar); Iliac crest; Fibers run upward and medially |
|
|
Term
| Internal Abdominal Oblique - Insertion |
|
Definition
| lower 3 or 4 ribs and costal cartilages, and linea alba; medial aponeurosis contributes to rectus sheath |
|
|
Term
| All abdominal muscles are innervated |
|
Definition
| segmentally by T7-T12 or L1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deepest; more horizontal; Comes from thoracal lumber fascia |
|
|
Term
| Transversus Abdominus - Origin |
|
Definition
| Thoracolumbar fascia; inner surface of costal cartilages; iliac crest; fibers run horizontally |
|
|
Term
| Transversus Abdominus - Insertion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectus Abdominus Muscle - Origin |
|
Definition
| xiphoid process; costal cartilages ribs 5-7; fibers run vertically; in shorter bundles being interrupted by tendinous insertions; Make it become 4 or 5 segments |
|
|
Term
| Rectus Abdominus Muscle - Insertion |
|
Definition
| pubic crest and tubercle; Indentation is lina alba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines abdominal cavity; on inner surface of transversus abdominus |
|
|
Term
| Vessels and nerves in abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| run between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominus muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the passageway for the testes and the spermatic cord on the way to the scrotum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vas deferens, testicular artery and plexus of veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal organs are either covered and suspended from posterior body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal organs covered by peritoneum on anterior surface and positioned against the posterior body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct together perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long bands of smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saccular enlargement; Semi compartemnt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| via branches supplies gall bladder, liver, pancreas, duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies esophagus and lesser curvature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upplies pancreas, spleen, stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pick up nutrition goes to liver, feed the liver; Veins, capillary bed veins, veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in male between bladder and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in female between uterus and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in female between bladder and uterus |
|
|
Term
| round ligament in anterior lamina |
|
Definition
| -runs along pelvic rim, through deep ring to labia majora |
|
|
Term
| “proper” ligament of the ovary in posterior lamina |
|
Definition
| -runs between ovary and uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 layers of peritoneum that fuse together after draping over the uterus; within the broad ligament |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Internal is automatic; relaxation of spincter; External is somatic |
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Term
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Definition
| parasympathetics contract detrusor muscle and relaxes internal sphincter; voluntary relaxation of external sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| pass anterior to the bifurcation of common iliac aa-anterior to sacroiliac joint-to base of bladderc |
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Term
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Definition
| between bladder and urogenital diaphragm-adds to the ejaculate-contains a large amount of smooth muscle-prostatic tissue actually forms the wall of the prostatic urethraVast majority men 70 has enlarged prostateYou have prostate cancer, but you cannot take entire prostate because it makes up wall of bladderUse more forceBladder can get larger |
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Term
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Definition
| Lies against posterior-lateral bladder-Secretions add to ejaculate |
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Term
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Definition
| duct of seminal vesicle joins vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct which empties into the prostatic urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| between bladder and urogenital diaphragm-adds to the ejaculate-contains a large amount of smooth muscle-prostatic tissue actually forms the wall of the prostatic urethraVast majority men 70 has enlarged prostate |
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Term
| Uterine Tube (a.k.a. oviduct |
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Definition
| fallopian tube), -extend from uterus to ovary-connect uterine cavity with peritoneal cavity-10 cm long-draped in peritoneum called mesosalpinx (part of broad ligament) |
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Term
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Definition
| -has fimbriae, trumpet-like opening |
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Term
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Definition
| -wide, thin walled, egg is fertilized here |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -passes through uterine wall |
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Term
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Definition
| -pear-shaped-behind bladder, in front of rectum-8 cm long, 5 cm wide |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| suspends ovary from posterior lamina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recesses around cervix at upper end of vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| part of broad ligament next to uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| -10 cm long-fornices- recesses around cervix at upper end of vagina-posterior fornix is covered with peritoneum, adjacent to rectouterine pouch |
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Term
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Definition
| -begins at 3rd sacral level-rectum is continuous with anal canal-turns 90 degrees as it passes through pelvic diaphragm-no teniae coli, instead a longitudinal coat of smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| most superficial layer; has papillae; creates fingerprint, epidermis follows indentations |
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Term
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Definition
| deep to papillary layer; sweat glands, sebaceous glands, & hair follicles; is thicker in thick skin |
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Term
| Stratum Basale (basal layer; a.k.a. stratum germinativum) |
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Definition
| single layer of cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane; cells constantly dividing mitotically |
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Term
| Stratum Spinosum (spiny layer) |
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Definition
| 2-3 layers of polygonal-shaped cells; cells still alive in this level |
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Term
| Stratum Granulosum (granular layer) |
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Definition
| 3-4 layers of granular, flattened cell; cells undergo keratinization here |
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Term
| Stratum Lucidum (clear layer) |
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Definition
| only seen in thick skin; 2-3 layers of flattened, anucleate cells |
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Term
| Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer) |
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Definition
| 25-30 layers of dead, anucleated cells; outer cells are constantly shed |
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Term
| Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer) |
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Definition
| 25-30 layers of dead, anucleated cells; outer cells are constantly shed |
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Term
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Definition
| most superficial layer; has papillae; creates fingerprint, epidermis follows indentations |
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Term
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Definition
| deep to papillary layer; sweat glands, sebaceous glands, & hair follicles; is thicker in thick skin |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer- dense irregular connective tissue- contains many blood vessels- contains nerve endings, hair follicles, glands- papillae (projections of dermal tissue into the epidermis) |
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Term
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Definition
| form from stratum corneum of epidermis- function: protection and grasping |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum (oil); functions: lubrication and waterproofing |
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Term
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Definition
| found throughout most of skin- release perspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| bulb, root, and shaft- function: protection- arrector pili muscle associated with root, sympathetic innervation |
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Term
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Definition
| in external auditory canal- secrete cerumen (earwax) |
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Term
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Definition
| A. deepest layerB. loose CT and adipose tissueC. a.k.a. superficial fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense connective tissue covering musclesa.k.a. epimysium |
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Term
| LYMPHATICS: What are they and What do they do? |
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Definition
| A. Lymphatic system drains, filters and recirculates extracellular fluidB. Tiny lymph vessels are found throughout the body. These vessels collect extracellular fluid.C. Along the path there are lymph nodes where lymphocytes are exposed to any antigens in the lymph fluidD. The lymph fluid eventually is circulated back into the venous blood. More on how this happens later |
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Term
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Definition
| area of skin innervated by a single spinal cord segment |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle fibers innervated by a single spinal cord segment |
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Term
| First-degree (superficial) burns |
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Definition
| 1. First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin.2. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example.3. Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color. |
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Term
| Second-degree (partial thickness) burns |
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Definition
| 1. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin.2. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful. |
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Term
| Third-degree (full thickness) burns |
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Definition
| 1. Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis.2. May also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.3. The burn site appears white or charred.4. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal is automatic; relaxation of spincter; External is somatic |
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Term
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Definition
| -crosses right bronchus posteriorly toward esophagus-passes posterior to root of lung-enters posterior mediastinum-(right recurrent laryngeal loops under subclavian a; not in mediastinum) |
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Term
| Cardiac Plexuses contribution |
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Definition
| Vagus (upper and lower cervical cardiac branches and thoracic cardiac branches), Sympathetic- branch from each cervical sympathetic ganglion |
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Term
| Anterior vagal trunk (reformed) |
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Definition
| consists primarily of fibers from the left vagus posterior |
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Term
| Posterior vagal trunk (reformed) |
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Definition
| consists primarily of fibers from the right vagus |
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Term
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Definition
| drains blood from body wall- azygos extends up to T4 then loops over the root of the lung and then empties into superior vena cava- hemiazygos (inferiorly) and accessory hemiazygos (superiorly) on left |
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Term
| thoracic splanchnic nerves greater |
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Definition
| - T5-T9 to celiac ganglion |
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Term
| thoracic splanchnic nerves lesser |
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Definition
| - T10 and T11 to aortico-renal ganglion |
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Term
| thoracic splanchnic nerves lowest (or least) |
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Definition
| - last thoracic ganglion to renal ganglia |
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Term
| Coronary Sulcus (atrioventricular sulcus) |
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Definition
| -separates atria from ventricles-separates base of heart from diaphragmatic surface-contains blood vessels and fat |
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Term
| Right Coronary Artery supplies |
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Definition
| a. right atriumb. right ventriclec. S-A and A-V nodes and interatrial septumd. posterior part of left ventricle |
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Term
| left coronary artery supplies |
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Definition
| a. left atriumb. most of left ventriclec. A-V bundle |
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Term
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Definition
| runs in coronary sulcus on left-gives off ventricular branches |
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Term
| anterior descending (interventricular) |
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Definition
| a.-runs in interventricular groove-at acute margin, approaches terminal branches of posterior interventricular of right coronary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - 3 nipple-like protrusions of trabeculae carne, anterior is largest |
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Term
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Definition
| - tendons run between papillary muscles and valve leaflets |
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Term
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Definition
| - muscle connects interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle (contains branch of A-V conduction bundle) |
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Term
| Fibrous Connective Tissue |
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Definition
| -forms the skeleton of heart-limits the spread of impulses-surrounds valves-separates atrium from ventricle except at A-V bundle |
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Term
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Definition
| -lowest of 3, most posterior at T12 level |
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Term
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Definition
| -at T10 level (Right crus of diaphragm loop around esophagus and strengthens sphincter) |
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Term
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Definition
| -highest of 3 at T8 level, through central tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the opening into the abdomen. It is formed by an opening in the transversalis fascia. |
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Term
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Definition
| closes off esophagus; keep food from regurgitate |
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Term
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Definition
| closes off duodenum, thick, consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. more numerous internal mucosal folds2. thicker walls3. wider diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. more arterial arcades2. fat encroaches on gut |
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Term
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Definition
| at L4 level dividing into two common iliac aa. |
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Term
| Superior mesenteric (L1 level) |
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Definition
| via branches supplies pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending and transverse colon |
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Term
| Inferior mesenteric (L3 level) |
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Definition
| via branches supplies transverse, descending and sigmoid colon and part of rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| Pick up nutrition goes to liver, feed the liver; A portal system is where veins connect 2 capillary beds; Formed by joining of splenic and superior mesenteric veins |
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Term
| Superior mesenteric vein drains |
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Definition
| pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending and transverse colon |
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Term
| Inferior mesenteric vein drains |
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Definition
| joins splenic vein; transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, part of rectum |
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