Term
| The brain consists of ________nerve cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brain weighs about... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brain would cover about ______ if laid out flat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what covers the brain and helps protect it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many meningeal layers are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the meningeal layers? |
|
Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater |
|
|
Term
| what meningeal layer is the tough, thick, outer layer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _______________ lies between the dura mater and the cranium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____________ lies between the dura mater and the arachnoid.When blood pools into hematomas, they are often referred to by these spaces (e.g. _____) |
|
Definition
| subdural space, (e.g., subdural hematomas) |
|
|
Term
| The _____________ contains sinuses (e.g. ____________) that absorb blood from veins and the circulated cerebral spinal fluid |
|
Definition
| dura mater (e.g., superior sagittal sinus) |
|
|
Term
| what meningeal layer is the thin, nonvascular, middle layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the subarachnoid spce contains _____________ as it circulates over the entire brain and spinal cord. Projections from the arachnoid (_______) push into the dura mater to drain the _________ into the sinuses |
|
Definition
| the cerebral spinal fluid, granulations, cerebral spinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| what meningeal layer is the thin innermost layer that closely follows the contours of the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary function of the ventricles is to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the CSF primarily produced? |
|
Definition
| in the lateral ventricles in teh choroid plexus |
|
|
Term
| The _____forms a spongy cushion to protect the central nervous system from sudden head movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two lateral ventricles are contained in the middle of the left and right hemispheres. They drain through_____ into the singular third ventricle which lies medially between the left and right thalami. The CSF then drains through the _______ into the fourth ventricle which lies level with the _______. The CSF exits from the fourth ventricle into the _______ to circulate around the brain and spinal cord. |
|
Definition
| Monro's foramen, cerebral aqueduct, the pons of the brainstem and the cerebellum, subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| The cerebrum of the brain consists of two main parts.... |
|
Definition
| gray matter (cortex) and white matter (nerve fiber tracts) |
|
|
Term
| The ____ mm thick cortex is the outer layer of the brain and consists of ____ layers of nerve cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the study of cortex layer differences and many maps have been developed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this brain map is most commonly used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because the cortex is scrunched into a tight space (the cranium), it buckles up, creating gyri ( ____) and sulci(_____) that give the brain its distinctive bumpy appearance |
|
Definition
| convolutions or hills, fissures or valleys |
|
|
Term
| two important fissures are |
|
Definition
| the rolandic fissure and the sylvian fissure |
|
|
Term
| what is the central sulcus called? |
|
Definition
| rolandic fissure, runs vertically from the top to the middle about halfway back |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral sulcus called? |
|
Definition
| sylvian fissure, runs horizontally from the front to the middle about halfway between the top and bottom of the brain |
|
|
Term
| where is the longitudinal fissure? |
|
Definition
| runs between the left and right hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| the brain is divided inot five/six lobes. these are... |
|
Definition
| frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular (isle of reil) |
|
|
Term
| which lobe is mostly motor and executive functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the frontal lobe extends anteriorly from the ________ to the _________ and is bordered on the bottom by the ________. Immediately in from the ____________ is the vertically oriented pre-central gyrus. |
|
Definition
| rolandic fissure, frontal pole, sylvian fissure, rolandic fissure |
|
|
Term
| which lobe is for touch-pressure sensations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the parietal lobe extends posteriorly from the _________ in the top part of the brain. Immediately behind is the vertically oriented post-central gyrus. In the lower part of the pareital lobe lies the _________ (at the end of the slyvian fissure) and the _____________ (at the end of the superior temporal sulcus) |
|
Definition
| rolandic fissure, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus |
|
|
Term
| which lobe serves auditory and memory functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the temporal lobe lies beneath the __________ and extends from _______ in front about three-quarters of the way back. It has three horizontally oriented gyri : _____<_____<_____. ____________lies on the top surface of the superior temporal gyrus (nestled in the sylvian fissure) towards the back |
|
Definition
| sylvian fissure, temporal pole, superior temporal (T1), middle temporal (T2), and inferior temporal (T3), Heschl's gyrus |
|
|
Term
| which lobe serves visual functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the occipital lobe occupies the back part of the brain, behind an imaginary line that runs from the ______________ to the ___________. The primary landmark within the lobe is the ___________ which runs basically horizontally on the medial surface of the lobe. |
|
Definition
| Parietooccipital notch, preoccipital notch, calcarine sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the insular lobe (isle of reil) |
|
|
Term
| The insular lobe lies deep to _______ and can be found only by pulling aprat the ________ (a name for cortex lying next to the sylvian fissure) of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes. |
|
Definition
| sylvian fissure, opercula |
|
|
Term
| which lobe serves emotional and vegetative functions? (we will not be considering this a lobe for the purpose of our class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the oldest lobe and consists of numerous parts of the medial side of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, along with subcortical and brainstem structures (We will not be considering this a lobe for the purpose of our class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the primary relay station for the sensory information working its way to the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all sensations except ______ go through the thalamus to get to the cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thalamus lies in the middle section of the brain, on both sides of the ______. It is made up of numerous small nuclei and sections. It is thought to contribute to cortically mediated speech and language functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this can occur following lesions of the thalamus, primarily on the left side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the basal ganglia is involved primarily in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of basal ganglia is shaped like a "c"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ and the ____________________ form a wedge shaped structure lying just lateral to the thalamus. The ______ is the outside nuclei in this structure. |
|
Definition
| putamen, globus pallidus, putamen |
|
|
Term
| The caudate nucleus and the putamen combined are referred to as the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the putamen and globus pallidus combinned a referred to as... |
|
Definition
| the lenticular (lentiform nuclei |
|
|
Term
| The _____ connects the brain the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the bottom section of the brainstem is called the |
|
Definition
| medulla (at the level of the hard palate) |
|
|
Term
| cranial nerves ___-____ enter and exit through the medulla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The motor tract running from the cortex to innervate the spinal nerves cross at what level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cranial nerves 5-8 enter and exit where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what level is the fourth ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do cranial nerves 3 and 4 enter and exit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The midbrain carries out such functions as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| descending projection fibers run from the cortex to the ______(_____________)or __________ (______________) |
|
Definition
| brainstem (corticobulbar tract), spinal cord (corticospinal tract) |
|
|
Term
| these projection fibers are primarily motor in function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these projection fibers carry sensory information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These run between different parts of the brain within the same hemisphere, many connection adjacent brain areas |
|
Definition
| association fibers (intra-hemispheric) |
|
|
Term
| two prominent association fibers |
|
Definition
| superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciulus |
|
|
Term
| this runs between the frontal lobe and the parietal/occipital lobes, traveling about the insula |
|
Definition
| superior longitudinal fasciculus |
|
|
Term
| this runs between the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe (it travels along with the superior longitudinal fasciculus but separates from it just posterior to the sylvian fissure bend down into the temporal lobe) |
|
Definition
| arcuate fasiciulus (actually part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus) |
|
|
Term
| this is thought to connect the anterior and posterior speech/language areas (basicially connecting Broca's the Wernicke's areas) It has played a major role in historical neurolinguistic models |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these fibers tracts run between two hemisphere |
|
Definition
| commissural fibers (inter-hemispheric) |
|
|
Term
| this prominent commissural fibers which connects corresponding regions in the two hemispheres , which allows hemispheres to "talk" to each other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the parts of the _____________________ are the rostrum, genu trunk, and splenium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibers connecting the anterior frontal lobe cross in the _______ of the corpus callosum. Fibers from the posterior frontal lobe and parietal lobes pass through the ________ of the corpus callosum. Fibers from the temporal and occipital lobes pass through the ______ of the corpus callosum |
|
Definition
| rostrum, trunk, splenium, |
|
|
Term
| Functionally, the cortex can be divided into three types of areas |
|
Definition
| primary, association (secondary) and tertiary |
|
|
Term
| Primary areas are those that |
|
Definition
| connect directly with the periphery (that is, they receive the ascending projection fibers carrying incoming sensory information) |
|
|
Term
| what does modality specific mean? |
|
Definition
| modality specific areas will process information of one modality or type of sensation only. These areas carry out only a very low level of processing of the sensory information. They do not generally interpret or apply meaning to the information. |
|
|
Term
| what areas are not interconnected via the corpus callosum |
|
Definition
| primary areas in the two hemispheres are not interconnected via the corpus callosum; they connect only with their related association area. |
|
|
Term
| _________ areas asre modality-specific; they process information only within a certain sensory modality. They receive information from their respective primary area and from the corresponding association areas in the other hemisphere (across the corpus callosum). These areas do much more processing, interpreting, assigning meaning to the sensory information. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which area would "see" lines and shapes and which area would "recognize" those as a cup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lesions that keep information from reaching the association areas, but don't damage them per se cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impairments in interpreting sensory information in one particular modality |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary area for audition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brodmann area is Heschl's gyrus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what receives auditory information from the ear via the medial geniculate body of the thalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heschl's gyrus maintains a tonotopic relationship in that... |
|
Definition
| low tones occur in the anterior portion of the gyrus and high tones in the posterior portion |
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't damage to Heschl's gyrus cause deafness? |
|
Definition
| because we have conscious awareness of sound at the subcortical level (inferior collicullus) There may be a slight loss in acuity in the opposite ear. Unilateral damage does not cause problems in interpreting auditory information because auditory information can still get to the association area via the corpus callosum. |
|
|
Term
| what is the association area for audition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brodmann area is wernicke's area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is wernicke's area? |
|
Definition
| located on the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus |
|
|
Term
| damage to this area is very disruptive to the processing of auditory information, particularly spoken language (causes aphasia). However, full semantic representation of concepts is probably not localized in this area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary area for vision? |
|
Definition
| Banks of the calcarine fissure on the mdial surface of the occipital lobe |
|
|
Term
| what brodmann area is area for primary vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the primary vision area receives visual information coming from the eye via the ____________________ and the ___________. It is topographically arranged in that... |
|
Definition
| lateral geniculate body of the thalamus and the optic radiation, specific parts of the retina in teh eye go to specific parts of the primary area |
|
|
Term
| damage to the primary visual area causes... |
|
Definition
| blindness. Since the primary visual area in one hemisphere receives sight from the opposite half visual field, damage to the left primary visual area will cause blindness in the right half of the visual field. This is known as a right field cut or a right homonymous meianopsia. |
|
|
Term
| what is the association area for vision? |
|
Definition
| lateral surface of occipital love. |
|
|
Term
| what brodmann areas are association areas for vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| association areas for vision receive information from the primary visual area on the _____ side and the visual association area on the _____ side of the brain. It contributes to the _____ of visual information |
|
Definition
| same, other, interpretaion |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary area for touch-pressure? |
|
Definition
| post-central gyrus in the parietal lobe |
|
|
Term
| which brodmann's area is the primary area for touch-pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the post-central gyrus in the parietal lobe do? |
|
Definition
| receives touch-pressure tactile information from the periphery |
|
|
Term
| damage to the the post-central gyrus in the parietal lobe... |
|
Definition
| causes loss of sensory information (inability to feel) pain and temperature are not included in this because they are consciously perceived subcortically. |
|
|
Term
| topographic arrangement of the sensory information is similar to .. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the association area for touch-pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is brodmann's area for posterior parietal lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior parietal lobe receives information from the primary area on the ____ side or the tactile association area on the ____ side of the brain. It contributes to... |
|
Definition
| same side, other side, interpretation of tactile information |
|
|
Term
| motor functions are divided between... |
|
Definition
| motor and pre-motor areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The motor area lies in the pre-central gyrus in the frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
| What brodmann's area is the motor area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the motor area do? |
|
Definition
| it sends nerve fibers out the spinal and cranial nerves to general movements |
|
|
Term
| damage to the motor strip... |
|
Definition
| leads to paralysis and weakness of mm |
|
|
Term
| what does damage to the motor strip mean in terms of speech production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the motor strip is particularly important for the execution of ... |
|
Definition
| fine movements, such as those we carry out with our fingers and oral musculature |
|
|
Term
| why do finger and hand movements tend to recover far less than shoulder and arm movements following a stroke? |
|
Definition
| because they rely exclusively on nerves coming from the motor strip. More gross movements, such as those we carry out with our body torso or shoulders, can be controlled by areas outside of the motor strip |
|
|
Term
| the organization of the motor strip is reflected in the little man called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the homunculus represents two aspects of the organization of the motor strip |
|
Definition
| the location of the body part, the degree of fine, skilled motor control we have over these body parts |
|
|
Term
| what areas have the largest representations on the homonuculus? |
|
Definition
| the fingers, and the oral musculature |
|
|
Term
| where is the pre-motor area? |
|
Definition
| part of the frontal lobe just anterior to the motor strip |
|
|
Term
| what brodmann's areas are the pre-motor area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pre-motor area is involved with... |
|
Definition
| programming or planning of motor activities (not the execution of movements per se) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determining what movements are needed to carry out a particular motor event |
|
|
Term
| does damage to the pre-motor area cause paralysis or paresis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to the pre-motor area... |
|
Definition
| an impairment in the ability to program volitional movement patterns (apraxia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lower portion of the pre-motor area (posterior inferior frontal gyrus) contain broca's area |
|
|
Term
| what are brodmann's area for broca's areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broca's area is thought to... |
|
Definition
| participate in the programming of volitional speech movements |
|
|
Term
| damage to broca's area can lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the supplementary motor area? |
|
Definition
| in the upper part of the pre-motor area |
|
|
Term
| what does the supplementary motor area do? |
|
Definition
| seems to relate to the initiation of self-generated movements (as compared to imitative movements) |
|
|
Term
| these areas are the phylogenetically newest parts of the brain and are involved in our higher mental functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are tertiary areas modality specific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information from all parts of the brain can interact with each other in these areas |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main tertiary areas? |
|
Definition
| pre-frontal areas, lower and medial portions of temporal lobe, and temporal-occipital-parietal lobe jucture |
|
|
Term
| what areas are involved with such functions as personality, emotion, drive, abstract thinking, judgement, planning, problem solving, inhibition, and goal setting (executive functions)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to the pre-frontal lobes (common in pts with traumatic, closed-head injuries)... |
|
Definition
| disruption of executive functions |
|
|
Term
| what areas are involved with episodic memory? |
|
Definition
| lower and medial portions of the temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
| what do lower and medial portions of the temporal lobe do? |
|
Definition
| episodic memory and may play a role in word retrieval |
|
|
Term
| what are the brodmann's areas for the pre-frontal areas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is brodmann's area for the supramarginal gyrus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is brodmann's area for the angular gyrus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what area participates in the integration of auditory, visual, and tactile information and thus, plays an important role in langauge? |
|
Definition
| temporal-occipital-parietal lobe juncture (including the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus) |
|
|
Term
| the ______ hemisphere is more specialized in processing novel information and in simultaneous, gestalt manner. the _____ hemisphere is better at carrying out routine processing (that is, governed by a set of rules) and working in a temporal, sequential, analytical manner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It does appear that _____ and _______ are domains of the left hemisphere, but that _____ and ______ are processed by both. |
|
Definition
| phonology and syntax, semantics and pragmatics |
|
|
Term
| There is evidence that, in general, the association areas are larger (and tertiary areas smaller) on the ______ side of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are two optic fibers leaving each eye one temporal and one nasal. The temporal tracts go back to the ______ and ______ cross over. They then go to the _____ and from there via the ________, back to the ______________ on the _______ side of the brain. The nasal tracts cross over the __________, back to the ___________ on the _______ side of the brain. By tracing these tracks, you will see that the visual information coming to the left primary visual area comes from the _____ visual field, carried along the temporal tract from the _____ eye and the nasal tract from the _____ eye. |
|
Definition
| optic chiasm, do not, thalamus, optic radiation, primary visual area, same, optic chiasm, primary visual area, same, right, left, right, |
|
|
Term
| The general pattern is that the left brain "sees" information from the _____ visual field and visa versa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the pt has a damaged left primary visual area, the will have blindness in their _____ visual half-field. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is damage to the primary visual area fed by the ________.... |
|
Definition
| posterior cerebral artery, blindness in their right visual half-field |
|
|
Term
| If there is damage to the optic radiation fibers carrying information from the _____ back to the ______.... |
|
Definition
| thalamus, primary visual area, blindness in their right visual half-field |
|
|
Term
| Many of our aphasic pts have lesions to the temporal lobe that go deep enough to interrupt these optic radiation fibers, thus causing _____ visual field cuts (also known as __________) |
|
Definition
| right, right homonymous hemianopsia |
|
|
Term
| Pts with a right visual field cut will have trouble seeing you if you sit on the ____ side. They will also have trouble responding to test and/or treatment materials that are arranged ________, particularly items on the far ______ side. We certainly do not want to interpret an error as representing a lang problem when it is a visual problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts with a visual field cut often feel the problem is with _______________ and that they need_______________ |
|
Definition
| their right eye, a new pair of glasses |
|
|
Term
| do visual field cuts improve? |
|
Definition
| visual field cuts improve over time |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this called? |
|
Definition
| right homonymous hemianopsia |
|
|
Term
| Blood provides brain cells with ___________ such as.... |
|
Definition
| nutrients, glucose and oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Deprivation of blood to the brain for 5-8 seconds can lead to ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deprivation of the blood to the brain for _______ seconds can lead to unconsciousness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deprivation for 20-25 seconds can... |
|
Definition
| eliminate electrical activity of the brain cells |
|
|
Term
| Deprivation for _____ seconds can eliminate electrical activity of the brain cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deprivation for 4-6 minutes leads to... |
|
Definition
| irreversible brain damage |
|
|
Term
| Deprivation for ____ minutes leads to irreversible brain damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve cells in the brainstem and spinal cord can sustain oxygen deprivation for ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brain is fed by ___ main arteries that branch off of the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One, the ______ bifurcates at the level of the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The carotid artery bifurcates at... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the external carotid branch feeds the ... |
|
Definition
| surface of parts of the face and head |
|
|
Term
| the __________ branch feeds the parts of the face and head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the internal carotid branch goes to the _______where it... |
|
Definition
| circle of willis, bifurcates to form teh Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and the anterior cerebral Artery (ACA) |
|
|
Term
| The internal carotid branch goes to the Circle of Willis where it bifurcates into... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the level of the pons the internal carotid artery joins with its partner from the other side to form________ that runs along the pons.At this level, the ________ gives off numerous branches that supply the_____, ______, and part of the______ |
|
Definition
| singular basilar artery, singular basilar artery, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| At the circle of Willis the basilar artery divides into... |
|
Definition
| the left and right Posterior cerebral artery (pca) |
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the brainstem, cerebellum and part of the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the circle of willis the __________ divides into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterior communicating artery connects ... |
|
Definition
| the left and right anterior cerebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| what connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries? |
|
Definition
| the anterior communicating artery |
|
|
Term
| The posterior communicating artery connects... |
|
Definition
| the basilar/pca juncture to the internal carotid just before it divides |
|
|
Term
| what connects the basilar/pca juncture to the internal carotid artery just before it divides? |
|
Definition
| the posterior communicating artery |
|
|
Term
| the circle of willis provides... |
|
Definition
| an avenue for collateral circulation if one source of blood is interrupted |
|
|
Term
| Is the anatomical integrity of the circle of willis and the extent to which collateral circulation the same for everyone? |
|
Definition
| no. It varies from person to person, but may contribute to recovery following a stroke. |
|
|
Term
| The aca runs along the _____surface of the brain, adjacent to the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cerebral artery runs along the medial surface of the brain, adjacent to the corpus callosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pca runs ______ and its branches feed the _____ surface and the _____ fringe of the temporal and occipital lobes |
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Definition
| backwards, medial, lateral |
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Term
| the pca supplies the __________ in the _____ occipital lobes and thus disruption of blood supply can cause .... |
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Definition
| primary visual areas, medial, visual field blindness |
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Term
| the pca also supplies the splenium of the ______, which explains why pure alexia occurs more frequently than other forms |
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Definition
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Term
| what blood supply runs backward and its branches feed the medial surface and the lateral fringe of the temporal and occipital lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| the mca runs along the __________ where it gives off branches that feed most of the ________ and some of the _________. It then gives off major branches that feed most of the ______ surface of the brain, including ___________ lobes. |
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Definition
| slyvian fissure, basal ganglia, thalamus, lateral, all four |
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Term
| which blood supply runs along the sylvian fissure, where it gives off branches that feed most of the basal ganglia and some of the thalamus. It then gives off major branches that feed most of the lateral surface of the brain, including all four lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| disruption of which artery is most likely to cause speech and language deficits? Why? |
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Definition
| mca, because the lateral surface of the left hemisphere houses the primary speech and language areas |
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Term
| disruption of what artery is the most common etiology in aphasic pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ends of the ACA, PCA, and MCA connect with each other, in a process called ______. The area in which this connection occurs is referred to as _____________. This connection provides another potential source of _____________________ where blood from one artery could flow into another if needed. The extent to which this happens in any given person varies. |
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Definition
| anastomosis, the watershed area,collateral circulation |
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Term
| which arteries connect to form the watershed area? |
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Definition
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