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| Founded Knossos (Crete) and developed Minoan Civilizations. |
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| A civilization grew from farmers and fishermen become merchants. Mythical king, Minos. Had writing and hierarchy, people held power. |
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| Translated as city-state. It was the basic political and institutional unit of ancient Greece. |
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| Most common type of government in ancient Greece. |
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| Rule by one man who took over the government, generally by using his wealth to gain a political following. |
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| Discovered the site of Mycenae. Discovered the circular burial ground where the Mask of Agamemnon was found. |
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| The mainland of Greece. Mycenae is the biggest city so all other cities are clumped under its name. |
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| Homer's Ilian and Odessey (Troy) |
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| A story of collected poems that were said orally. The Iliad is about a war and the Odyssey is about one of the heroes of the war. The war took place in Troy. |
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| Period of poverty and disruption (1100-800 BCE). |
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| Term the Greeks call their land. |
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| Usually elevated are where the people erected temples, altars, public monuments, and various dedications to the gods of polis. |
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| A type of Greek government in which a small group of wealthy citizens, ruled. |
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| A type of Greek government in which all citizens administered the workings of the government. |
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| Heavily armed citizens who served as infantrymen and fought to defend the polis. |
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| Athenian non-citizen residents. Did not kick people out when they came. |
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| Spartan citizens and families. |
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| The spread of Greece and the rise of Sparta and Athens (800-500 BCE). |
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| THe Father of HIstory. Traveled the Greek world to piece together the course of the Persian wars. |
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| The Persians wanted the Greeks land. (499-479 BCE). In 480 the Persians invaded Greece and were there for about a month before the Greeks overruled them and won in 479. |
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| An Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War, but was defeated early on. |
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| Sparta vs Athens. (431-404 BCE). Athens gained power after the Persian War and drove Sparta away. In 404 Athens surrendered and Sparta stripped them of their empire but did not destroy the city. |
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| Influence or control over another country or group of people. |
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| A grand naval alliance created by the Athenians aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian rule. |
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| Leader of Athens during the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. |
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| Individual families would worship various deities from their home which became known as this. |
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| Ruled Persia from 522-486 BCE. Defeated by Greeks. |
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| Led the Persians to invade Greek in 480. Ruled Persia from 486-465 BCE. Defeated by Greeks. |
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| Writer who explored inner conflicts. Believed people were more important than gods. Wrote "The Trojan Women". |
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| Believed everything had a purpose. His interests embraced logic, ethics, natural science, physics, politics, poetry, and art. |
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| His ideas are known through the works of others. Applied philosophy to politics and people. Questioned Athenian traditions. |
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| Ruler of Macedonia. Gradually took control of Greek city-states. Turned against Persia and was killed by an assassin. Father of Alexander the Great. |
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| Took over after his dad died and conquered the entire Persian Empire and many territories east of Persia. Also founded new cities which were a mix of local populations and Greeks. Named new cities after himself, ex. Alexandria. |
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| Second big battle led by Alexander. Occurred in 333. |
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| These cities resembled modern cities. These kingdoms were never unified in language, customs, and thought. |
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| Heliocentric theory of the Universe |
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| The earth and planets revolve around the sun. |
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| Hippocrates and the "Sacred Disease" |
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| Often called the father of western medicine. Sought natural explanations for diseases. |
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| A squared plus b squared equals c squared. |
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| A Greek system of philosophy founded on the teachings of Epicurus that viewed a life of contentment, free from fear and suffering, as the greatest good. |
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| THe most popular of Hellenistic philosophies, it considered nature and expression of divine will and held that people can be happy only when living in accordance with nature. |
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