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Greece Review
Greece Review Flashcards
81
History
Not Applicable
05/10/2013

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Cards

Term
Where is Greece located?
Definition
The Aegean basin in the Mediterranean Sea
Term
What type of landform is Greece?
Definition
Peninsula
Term
What is a peninsula?
Definition
Land surrounded on 3 sides by water
Term
How did geopgraphy impact Greece's economic development
Definition

*Limited arable land - had to colonize

*Facilitated commerce and spread of Hellenic (Greek) culture

*Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

Term
How did the Greeks solve the problem of limited arable land?
Definition
Trade and colonization
Term
How did the Greeks spread their culture
Definition
Trade
Term
"Hellenic" culture
Definition
Greek culture
Term
Polis
Definition
Greek city-state
Term
How did mountainous terrain impact development of Greek city-states?
Definition
Developed independently because they were isolated - no united Greek empire
Term
Where Greeks monotheistic or polytheistic?
Definition
Polytheistic
Term
Greeks used mythology to explain:
Definition

*Natural phenomena (nature, weather, natural disasters)

*Human qualities (why people are the way they are)

*Life events (births, death, sickness)

Term
Hera
Definition

Goddess of Marriage

 

Term
Zeus
Definition

*King/Father of Gods

*God of Thunder and Lightning

Term
Athena
Definition

*Goddess of Wisdom, War, and Crafts

*Patron goddess of Athens

Term
Apollo
Definition

*God of the Sun

 

Term
Artemis
Definition

*Goddess of the Hunt and Wild

 

Term
Aphrodite
Definition
*Goddess of Love and Beauty
Term
Order of governments in Athens:
Definition

M-O-T-D

*Monarchy

*Oligarchy

*Tyranny

*Democracy

Term
Athens was the first to have what type of government?
Definition
Democracy
Term
What type of democracy did Athens have?
Definition
Direct Democracy
Term
Who could be a citizen in the Greek city-state?
Definition
Adult free males
Term
Rights and responsibilities of Greek citizens
Definition
Had political rights (voting) and the responsibility of civic participation in government, serving in military, and paying taxes
Term
Who had no rights in Greek city-states?
Definition
Women, slaves, foreigners (non-Greeks)
Term
Monarchy
Definition
Rule by a king or queen (usually hereditary)
Term
Oligarchy (Aristocracy)
Definition
Rule by a small group - usually wealthy landowners
Term
Tyranny
Definition
Rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant) - usually military
Term
Who were the Athenian tyrants who workd for reform?
Definition
Draco and Solon
Term
Democracy
Definition
Rule by the people
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
Each citizen had a direct vote in every issue
Term
Origins of democratic principles in Athens:
Definition
Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen
Term
Characteristics of Athens:
Definition

*Economy based on trade

*Cultural center

*Emphasized art, education, architecture

*First democracy

Term
Characteristics of Sparta:
Definition

*Economy based on farming

*Focused on military and war

*Militaristic and aggressive

*Ruled by an oligarchy

*Rigid social structure

Term
What was the government of Sparta?
Definition
Oligarchy
Term
What did Sparta focus on?
Definition
Military and war
Term
Who were the adversaries in the Persian Wars?
Definition
Greece vs. Persian Empire
Term
When did the Persian Wars occur?
Definition
499 - 449 BC (BCE)
Term
Why were the Persian Wars important to the development of Greek culture?
Definition

*Preserved their political independence

*Athenian victory left them in control of Aegean Sea

*A strong Athens continued innovations in government and culture following the war ("Golden Age of Athens")

Term
The Persian Wars united which two Greek city-states?
Definition
Athens and Sparta
Term
Battle of Marathon
Definition
Persian Wars - Athenian victory
Term
Battle of Thermopylae
Definition
Sparta loss, but strategic victory - held Persians off long enough to allow Athens to be evacuated and Greeks to set up defenses somewhere else
Term
Battle of Salamis
Definition
Naval battle - Athenian victory
Term
Who won the Persian Wars?
Definition
Greece - Athens and Sparta
Term
Delian League
Definition
Alliance formed by Athens following the Persian War
Term
Peloponnesian League
Definition
Alliance formed by Sparta to counter Athens' Delian League
Term
What caused the Peloponnesian War?
Definition
Competition between Athens and Sparta over control of the Greek world
Term
When did the Peloponnesian War occur?
Definition
431 - 404 BC (BCE)
Term
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Definition
Sparta - Peloponnesian League
Term
What effects did the Peloponnesian War have on Greece?
Definition

*Slowed Greek cultural advance

*Weakened Greek political power

*Left Greece vulnerable to invasion

Term
When did the "Golden Age of Athens" occur?
Definition
Between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Term
Whose leadership was important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture during the "Golden Age of Athens"
Definition
Pericles
Term
How did Pericles extend democracy
Definition
Gave most adult males equal voice in government/politics
Term
Who rebuilt Athens after its destruction in the Persian Wars?
Definition
Pericles
Term
What temple is an example of Pericles' reconstruction following the Persian Wars?
Definition
The Parthenon
Term
[image]
Definition
Parthenon - temple in Athens dedicated to Athena
Term
Greek contributions to Drama
Definition
Aeschylus, Sophocles
Term
Aeschylus
Definition
Father of Greek Drama (Theater)
Term
Greek contributions to poetry
Definition
Homer's Iliad and Odyssey
Term
Homer
Definition
Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey about the Trojan War
Term
Greek contributions to history
Definition
Herodotus, Thucydides
Term
Herodotus
Definition
Greek historian (wrote about Persian Wars) - Father of History
Term
Greek contributions to sculpture
Definition
Phidias
Term
Phidias
Definition
Greek sculptor, known for Athena statues in Parthenon
Term
Greek contributions to architecture
Definition
Columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
Term
[image]
Definition
Doric column
Term
[image]
Definition
Ionic column
Term
[image]
Definition
Corinthian column
Term
Greek contributions to science
Definition
Archimedes, Hippocrates
Term
Archimedes
Definition
Greek scientist who worked with levers and pulleys
Term
Hippocrates
Definition
Greek doctor - Father of Medicine
Term
Greek contributions to mathematics
Definition
Euclid, Pythagoras
Term
Euclid
Definition
Greek mathematician - Father of Geometry
Term
Pythagoras
Definition
Greek mathematician - Pythagorean Theorm (sides of a triangle)
Term
Greek contributions to philosophy
Definition
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Term
Socrates
Definition
Greek philosopher - said "Know thyself", questioned everything
Term
Plato
Definition
Greek philosopher - student of Socrates, wrote The Republic, started the Academy
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Greek philosopher - student of Plato, tutor for Alexander the Great, studied and wrote books on every subject
Term
How was Philliip II, King of Macedon, able to conquer Greece?
Definition
The Greeks were weak and vulnerable after the Peloponnesian War
Term
How far did the empire of Alexander the Great extend?
Definition
From Greece to Egypt and the Indus River
Term
What culture did Alexander spread as he conquered his vast empire?
Definition
Greek
Term
Hellenistic Culture
Definition

*Blend of Greek and oriental cultures throughout Alexander the Great's empire

*Spread through trade

Term
How was Hellenistic culture spread?
Definition
Trade
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