Term
| Function of the Upper Limb |
|
Definition
| to place the hand in position to be effective as a grasping tool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shoulder, arm (brachium), forearm (antebrachium), and hand (manus) |
|
|
Term
| Superficial fasica contains... |
|
Definition
fat, superficial veins, cutaneous nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequently used for drawing blood and injecting medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collects venous drainage from the posterior surface of the hand and digits, gives rise to basilic and cephalic veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joins cephalic and basilic veins across the cubital fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from dorsal venous arch, proximally courses in the deltopectoral groove between deltoid muscle and pectoralis major muscle, passes deeply into deltopectoral triangle to join axillary vein near clavicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follow proximally --> it pierces deep fascia to join brachial vein before reaching axilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penetrate deep fascia and connect the superficial veins to deep veins |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb |
|
Definition
| superior lateral cutaneous of the arm, inferior lateral cutaneous of the arm, posterior cutaneous of the arm, intercostobrachial, medial cutaneous of the arm, medial cutaneous of the forearm, lateral cutaneous of the forearm, posterior cutaneous of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm |
|
Definition
| a the level of the elbow, located in the superficial fascia lateral to the biceps brachii tendon and close to cephalic vein or median cubital vein |
|
|
Term
| Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm |
|
Definition
| at the level of the elbow, located on the medial side of the biceps brachii tendon and close to basilic vein |
|
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Term
| Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve |
|
Definition
| lateral side of wrist, may be found in superficial fascia near the styloid process of the radius |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal Branch of the Ulnar Nerve |
|
Definition
| medial side of wrist, may be found in superficial fascia near styloid process of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends from shoulder to fingertips, brachial fascia in arm, antebrachial fascia in forearm, palmar fascia and dorsal fascia of the hand in the hand |
|
|
Term
| Shoulder (scapulohumeral) Muscles |
|
Definition
| deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| 4 Muscles arising from Dorsal Surface of the Scapula |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, and teres minor |
|
|
Term
| Deltoid Muscle Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
spine of scapula, acromion of scapula, and the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| Deltoid Muscle Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| deltoid tuberosity of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes on the deep surface of the deltoid muscle near its attachment to the humerus? |
|
Definition
| axillary nerve, and the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein |
|
|
Term
| Axillary Nerve Innervates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior Border of the Quadrangular Space |
|
Definition
| inferior border of the teres minor |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Border of the Quadrangular Space |
|
Definition
| surgical neck of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Medial Border of the Quadrangular Space |
|
Definition
| long head of the triceps brachii |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Border of the Quadrangular Space |
|
Definition
| superior border of the teres major |
|
|
Term
| Long Head of the Triceps Brachii passes.... |
|
Definition
| anterior to the teres minor muscle and posterior to the teres major muscle |
|
|
Term
Teres Minor Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
lateral border of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Teres Minor Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
laterally rotates the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Teres Major Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| inferior angle of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Teres Major Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adducts and medially rotates the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Supraspinatus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| supraspinous fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Supraspinatus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| highest facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initiates abduction of the humerus |
|
|
Term
Infraspinatus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| infraspinous fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Infraspinatus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laterally rotates the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is found deep to the supraspinatus muscle? |
|
Definition
| suprascapular artery and nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and the suprascapular nerve passes inferior to it, reach infraspinatus muscle w/ nerve coursing deep (anterior) to the spine of the scapula, contributes to the collateral circulation of the scapular region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region between the pectoral muscles, the scapula, the arm, and the thoracic wall, transitional region through which vessels and nerves pass from the root of the neck into the upper limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axillary sheath, brachial plexus, axillary vessles and their branches, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, portions of three muscles, and a considerable amount of fat and connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Apex of the Axilla Boundary |
|
Definition
clavicle anteriorly, upper border of the scapula posteriorly and the first rib medially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin and fascia of the armpit |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Wall of Axilla Boundary |
|
Definition
| pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and clavipectoral fascia |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Wall of Axilla Boundary |
|
Definition
| posterior axillary fold (teres major and latissimus dorsi) and subscapularis muscle that covers the anterior surface of the scapula |
|
|
Term
Medial Wall of the Axilla Boundary |
|
Definition
| upper portion of the thoracic wall and the serratus anterior which overlies this wall |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Wall of Axilla Boundary |
|
Definition
| intertubercular sulcus of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue structure that surrounds the axillary vessels and brachial plexus, extends from lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins at lateral border of the first rib where it is the continuation of the subclavian artery, ends at the inferior border of the teres major muscle where its name changes to brachial artery, it is surrounded by the brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
| First Part of the Axillary Artery |
|
Definition
| extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the medial border of the pectoralis minor, has one branch --> superior thoracic artery --> to first and second intercostal spaces |
|
|
Term
| Second Part of the Axillary Artery |
|
Definition
| lies posterior to the pectoralis minor, 2 branches: thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic arteries |
|
|
Term
| Third Part of the Axillary Artery |
|
Definition
| extends from the lateral border of the pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major, 3 branches: subscapular, posterior circumflex humeral, and anterior circumflex humeral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acromial, Deltoid, Pectoral, and Clavicular branches |
|
|
Term
| Acromial Branch of Thoraco-Acromial Artery |
|
Definition
| passes laterally across the coracoid process to the acromion |
|
|
Term
| Deltoid Branch of Thoraco-Acromial Artery |
|
Definition
| courses laterally in the deltopectoral groove, accompanies the cephalic vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along lateral border of pectoralis minor, supplies the pectoral muscles and lateral thoracic wall, in females--also supplies lateral portion of the mammary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest branch of axillary artery, courses inferiorly for a short distance before dividing into the circumflex scapular artery (to muscles on the posterior surface of the scapula) and the thoracodorsal artery (to the latissimus dorsi) |
|
|
Term
| Deltoid Muscle Supplied By... |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery |
|
Definition
| larger, passes posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus with the axillary nerve, passes through the quadrangular space |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery |
|
Definition
| courses around the anterior surface of the humerus at the surgical neck, passes deep to the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins in the root of the neck superior to the clavicle, passes distally toward the base of the axilla, where its terminal branches arise |
|
|
Term
| 3 Cords of the Brachial Plexus |
|
Definition
| lateral, medial, and posterior--named according to their relationship to the second part of the axillary artery (posterior to the pec minor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most lateral terminal branch of brachial plexus, enters coracobrachialis muscle |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus |
|
Definition
| gives rise to lateral root of the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| Medial Cord of Brachial Plexus |
|
Definition
| continues distally as the ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves, anterior to the 3rd part of the axillary artery |
|
|
Term
2 Branches of the Medial Cord |
|
Definition
| medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and medial cutaneous nerve of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axillary, radial, and 3 subscapular (upper, middle, and lower) nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passes posterior to the humerus and courses through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaves the axilla by passing posterior to the humerus, motor and sensory nerve to the posterior portion of the upper limb |
|
|
Term
| Upper Subscapular Nerve innervates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Middle Subscapular Nerve (thoracodorsal nerve) innervates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lower Subscapular Nerve innervates |
|
Definition
| subscapularis and teres major |
|
|
Term
Muscles of the Posterior Wall of the Axillar |
|
Definition
| latissiums dorsi, teres major, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| Subscapularis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| subscapular fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Subscapularis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lesser tubercle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medially rotates the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Serratus Anterior Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| external surfaces of ribs 1-8 |
|
|
Term
| Serratus Anterior Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Serratus Anterior Movement |
|
Definition
| protracts the scapula, also rotates the scapula especially when the arm is abducted above the horizontal plane |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve |
|
Definition
| vulnerable to stab wounds and surgical injury during radiacl mastectomy, affects serratus anterior, medial border of scapula protrudes on affected side when asked to push with both hands against a wall--known as "winged scapula" |
|
|
Term
| Injury to Thoracodorsal Nerve |
|
Definition
| vulnerable to compression injuries and surgical trauma during mastectomy, affects the latissimus dorsi resulting in a weakened ability to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the Axillary Nerve |
|
Definition
| courses around the surgical neck of the humerus and may be injured during a fracture or during an inferior dislocation of the shoulder joing, affects the deltoid and teres minor, resulting in a weakened ability to abduct and laterally rotate the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Brachial Fascia (deep fascia of the arm) |
|
Definition
| continuous at its proximal end w/ pectoral fascia, axillary fascia, and the deep fascia that covers the deltoid and latissimus dorsi, distally is continuous with the antebrachial fascia, connected to medial and lateral sides of the humerus by intermuscular septa creating anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments for the muscles of the arm |
|
|
Term
| Anterior (Flexor) Compartment |
|
Definition
| biceps brachii muscle, brachialis muscle, coracobrachialis muscle, and musculocutaneous nerve |
|
|
Term
| Posterior (Extensor) Compartment |
|
Definition
| triceps brachii muslce, anconeus muscle, radial nerve, and deep artery and vein of the arm |
|
|
Term
| Biceps Brachii Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
| Short head: coracoid process of the scapula, Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Tendon of the Long Head of Biceps Brachii |
|
Definition
| courses through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus posterior to the transverse humeral ligament and then enters the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| Biceps Brachii Tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supinates and flexes the forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad extension of the biceps tendon that attaches to the antebrachial fascia, located on the medial side of the biceps brachii tendon |
|
|
Term
| Musculocutaneous Nerve innervates |
|
Definition
| 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm |
|
|
Term
| Coracobrachialis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coracobrachialis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
medial side of the shaft of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Coracobrachialis Movement |
|
Definition
| adducts and flexes the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Brachialis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the distal 1/2 of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Brachialis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| coronoid process of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs through the plane of loose connective tissue between the biceps brachii muscle and brachialis muscle, continues distally as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm |
|
Definition
| goes to the cubital fossa, emerges near the lateral side of the biceps brachii tendon |
|
|
Term
| Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm |
|
Definition
| goes from the brachial plexus to the level of the elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from the brachial plexus, courses distally within the medial intermuscular septum with the brachial artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes from the medial cord of the brachial plexus to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, is in contact with the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuation of the axillary artery, begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle and ends at the level of the elbow by branching into the ulnar artery and radial artery, courses with the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| Branches of the Brachial Artery |
|
Definition
deep artery of the arm (deep brachial artery, profunda brachii artery), superior ulnar collateral artery and inferior ulnar collateral artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| courses around the posterior surface of the humerus, accompanies radial nerve in the radial groove |
|
|
Term
| Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery |
|
Definition
| arises near the middle of the arm, courses distally with the ulnar nerve and passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery |
|
Definition
| arises approximately 3cm above the medial epicondyle of the humerus and passes anterior to the medial epicondyle between the brachialis muscle and the pronator teres muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be blocked at any level distal to the deep artery of the arm w/out completely blocking blood flow to the forearm and hand, it lies medial to the biceps brachii and close to the shaft of the humerus, compressed at this location when taking a BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow, contains superficial veins that are used for venipuncture |
|
|
Term
| What is the only large structure to cross the brachial artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Boundary of the Cubital Fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial Boundary of the Cubital Fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior Boundary of the Cubital Fossa |
|
Definition
| an imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Superficial Boundary of the Cubital Fossa (roof) |
|
Definition
| antebrachial fascia reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Deep Boundary of the Cubital Fossa (floor) |
|
Definition
| brachialis and supinator muscles |
|
|
Term
| Structures in Cubital Fossa |
|
Definition
| biceps brachii tendon is lateral, brachial artery is intermediate, and median nerve is medial, bicipital aponeurosis passes superficial to brachial artery and median nerve but lies deep to the superficial veins (protects brachial a. and median n. from injury during venipuncture) |
|
|
Term
| Long Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the humerus superior to the radial groove |
|
|
Term
Medial Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
posterior surface of the humerus inferior to the radial groove |
|
|
Term
| Triceps Brachii Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| on the olecranon of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What crosses the anterior surface of the long head of the triceps brachii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lies directly on the posterior surface of the humerus in the radial groove? |
|
Definition
| radial nerve and deep artery of the arm |
|
|
Term
| What passes on the flexor side of the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
| radial nerve accompanied by the radial recurrent artery |
|
|
Term
| Anconeus Muscle Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Anconeus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assists the triceps brachii muscle in extension of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| ALL muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALL muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches the antebrachial fascia to the radius and the ulna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A thickened posterior portion of the antebrachial fascia to create a strong transverse band |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the Superficial Flexor Group arise... |
|
Definition
| primarily from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and its supracondylar ridge |
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the deep flexor group arise... |
|
Definition
| from the anterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articulation between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus, and the articulation between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Proximal Radioulnar Joint |
|
Definition
| between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius |
|
|
Term
Superficial Group of Flexor Muscles |
|
Definition
| pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
Term
| Superficial Group Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| part is from a common flexor tendon attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Pronator Teres Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| middle of the lateral surface of the radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pronates the hand and flexes the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Carpi Radialis tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the 2nd metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes and abducts the hand |
|
|
Term
| Palmaris Longus Tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| pisiform bone, hamate bone, and the base of the 5th metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes and adducts the hand |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| middle phalanx of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
Radial Artery Pulse is found... |
|
Definition
| between the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and flexor carpi radialis |
|
|
Term
| What lies immediately lateral to the pisiform bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve courses... |
|
Definition
| distally on the deep surface of the brachioradialis muscle, it becomes subcutaneous near the wrist |
|
|
Term
| Brachial artery distally bifurcates into... |
|
Definition
| radial and ulnar arteries |
|
|
Term
High Bifurcation of the Brachial Artery |
|
Definition
| 3% of upper limbs brachial a. bifurcates in the arm, ulnar artery may course superficial to the superficial group of flexor muscles (ulnar a. may be mistaken for a vein) |
|
|
Term
What happens when injected drugs damage the capillary bed? |
|
Definition
it can be followed by gangrene and in the case of the ulnar artery, the hand could be severly injured |
|
|
Term
| Radial Recurrent Artery arises from, courses to, and anastomoses with... |
|
Definition
arises from the radial artery near its origin from the brachial artery, courses proximally in the connective tissue plane between the brachioradialis muscle and the brachialis muscle, anastomoses with the radial collateral branch of the deep artery of the arm |
|
|
Term
| Median Nerve is located in and innervates... |
|
Definition
| is in the cubital fossa medial to the brachial artery and passes deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis, it innervates most of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm (palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, and pronator teres) |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Artery is located... |
|
Definition
| in the cubital fossa, passes posterior to the deep part of the pronator teres and crosses posterior to median nerve, passes between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus to reach ulnar side of forearm |
|
|
Term
| Common Interosseous Artery location |
|
Definition
| arise 3cm distal to the origin of the ulnar artery from the brachial artery, usually short, passes posterolaterally toward the interosseous membrane before dividing into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Interosseous Artery supplies... |
|
Definition
| deep group of flexor muscles |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Interosseous Artery supplies... |
|
Definition
| externsor group of forearm muscles |
|
|
Term
| Anterior and Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Arteries arise from and anastomose with... |
|
Definition
| arise from the ulnar artery in the proximal forearm, anastomose w/ inferior and superior ulnar collateral branches of the brachial artery, respectively |
|
|
Term
| Where does the ulnar artery join the ulnar nerve? |
|
Definition
| approximately 1/3 of the way down the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Where does the ulnar nerve course and what does it innervate? |
|
Definition
| proximally courses between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris and innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle |
|
|
Term
What are the deep group of flexor muscles? |
|
Definition
| flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus proximal attachment is... |
|
Definition
| the anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus distal attachment |
|
Definition
| distal phalanx of digits 2-5 |
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|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes the distal phalanx of digits 2-5 |
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Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Innervation |
|
Definition
| lateral 1/2 is median nerve and medial 1/2 is ulnar nerve |
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|
Term
| Flexor Pollicis Longus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane |
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Term
| Flexor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb) |
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|
Term
| Flexor Pollicis Longus Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pronator Quadratus is located... |
|
Definition
| lies posterior to the tendons of the superficial and deep flexor muscles, fibers run transversely from the ulna to the radius in the distal 1/4 of the forearm |
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|
Term
| Pronator Quadratus Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes posterior to the pronator quadratus muscle? |
|
Definition
| anterior interosseous artery and nerve |
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|
Term
| All the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by ________ nerve except for.... |
|
Definition
| median nerve, except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 superficial groups of intrinsic hand muscles? |
|
Definition
| The thenar group of muscles forms the thenar eminence and the hypothenar group forms the hypothenar eminece (intrinsic muscles have proximal and distal attachments w/ in the hand) |
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|
Term
| What is the palmar aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
| A thickening of the palmer fascia in the middle of the palm |
|
|
Term
| How do the tendons deep to the palmar aponeurosis reach the palm and what are they responsible for? |
|
Definition
| through the carpal tunnel, flex the digits |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the deepest part of the palm? |
|
Definition
| small muscles that abduct and adduct the digits |
|
|
Term
| What artery is the superficial arch derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artery is the deep arch derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones are on the medial side of the wrist? |
|
Definition
| pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate |
|
|
Term
| What bones are on the lateral side of the wrist? |
|
Definition
| tubercle of the scaphoid and tubercle of the trapezium |
|
|
Term
| What bridges the 2 medial and 2 lateral wrist bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum that allows passage of the flexor tendons and the median nerve into the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has 4 bands of longitudinal fibers (1 band to each of digits 2-5), the fibers end by attaching to the fibrous digital sheath near the base of the proximal phalanx of each digit |
|
|
Term
Palmaris Brevis Muscle is found... |
|
Definition
| superficial to the hypothenar muscles |
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|
Term
| Palmaris Brevis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial aspect of the palmar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Palmaris Brevis Muscle Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| skin over the hypothenar eminence |
|
|
Term
| Palmaris Longus Muscle is attached to... |
|
Definition
| palmar aponeurosis, but it may be absent |
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|
Term
The ulnar artery passes lateral to the... |
|
Definition
| pisiform bone with the ulnar nerve |
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|
Term
| The ulnar artery divides into the... |
|
Definition
| superficial branch and deep palmar branch |
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|
Term
| Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Artery crosses the palm to form... |
|
Definition
| the superficial palmar arch |
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|
Term
| What completes the superficial palmar arch? |
|
Definition
| superficial palmar branch of the radial artery |
|
|
Term
| The 3 common palmar digital arteries each divide into... |
|
Definition
2 proper palmar digital arteries that supply the adjacent sides of two digits |
|
|
Term
| What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply? |
|
Definition
| cutaneous innervation to digit 5 and medial side of digit 4 |
|
|
Term
| What disappears into the hypothenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| median nerve, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, and the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates... |
|
Definition
| the 3 thenar muscles (the median nerve also innervates lumbrical muscles 1 and 2) |
|
|
Term
| What branches of the median nerve supply the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits? |
|
Definition
| common palmar digital branches |
|
|
Term
What do the common palmar digital nerves typically divide into and give rise to? |
|
Definition
2 proper palmar digital nerves which accompany the proper palmar digital arteries |
|
|
Term
| Where do the flexor tendons pass through the hand? |
|
Definition
| in the palm posterior to the superficial palmar arch and digital nerves, they enter the fibrous sheaths on the anterior surfaces of the digits |
|
|
Term
| What are the synovial sheaths that are deep to the flexor retinaculum? |
|
Definition
| common flexor sheath (ulnar bursa) and 3 digital synovial sheaths (flexor pollicis longus has its own sheath--radial bursa) |
|
|
Term
| What is carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
| a swelling of the common flexor sheath encroached on teh available space in the carpal tunnel, median nerve is compressed resulting in pain and paresthesia of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, and weakness of the thenar muscles |
|
|
Term
| Lumbrical Muscle Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Lumbrical Muscle Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| radial side of the extensor expansions of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| Lumbrical Muscle Movement |
|
Definition
| flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints |
|
|
Term
| What splits the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis? |
|
Definition
| the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus |
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|
Term
In digits 2-5, where do the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus attach? |
|
Definition
| superficialis on the middle phalanx, profundus on the distal phalanx |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Pollicis Longus attaches to the... |
|
Definition
| distal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What are the thenar group of muscles? |
|
Definition
| abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal attachments of the thenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis attaches to the... |
|
Definition
| lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis attaches to the... |
|
Definition
| lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opponens Pollicis attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the lateral side of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| Opponens Pollicis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve crosses... |
|
Definition
| the superficial surface of the flexor pollicis brevis and disappears deep to the abductor pollicis brevis |
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|
Term
"Minor" cuts over the thenar eminence can sever the _______ causing thenar muscle paralysis and no thumb opposition |
|
Definition
| recurrent branch of the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles of the hypothenar group? |
|
Definition
| abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal attachments of the hypothenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| pisiform, hamate, and flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Digiti Minimi attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opponens Digiti Minimi attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the medial border of the 5th metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| Opponens Digiti Minimi Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes between the proximal attachments of the flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digiti minimi? |
|
Definition
| deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
| Where does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve lie? |
|
Definition
| on the anterior surface of the interosseous muscle |
|
|
Term
| What gives rise to the deep palmar arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 heads of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| bases of metacarpal bones 2 and 3 and the adjacent carpal bones |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of transverse head of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the shaft of the metacarpal bone 3 |
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|
Term
| Both heads of the adductor pollicis muscle attach... |
|
Definition
| to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
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|
Term
| Adductor Pollicis Movement |
|
Definition
| draws the thumb toward digit 3 (adduction) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Palmar Interosseous Muslces |
|
Definition
| unipennate muscles that attach to the metacarpal bones of digits 2, 4, and 5 |
|
|
Term
| Palmar Interosseous Muslces Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions |
|
|
Term
Palmar Interosseous Movement |
|
Definition
adduct digits 2, 4, and 5 toward an imaginary axial line drawn through the long axis of digit 3 (PAD) |
|
|
Term
4 Dorsal Interosseous Movement |
|
Definition
| move digits 2-4 away from the imaginary axial line (DAB) |
|
|
Term
What innervates the interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| All intrinsic muslces of the hand are innervated by ______ except the thenar muscles, and the first 2 lumbrical muscles (median nerve) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the forearm do? |
|
Definition
| extend the wrist and the proximal phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What do the deep group of extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm do? |
|
Definition
| cause supination of the hand, extension of digit 2, and abduction and extension of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| deep branch of the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the superficial extensor group? |
|
Definition
| brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
Term
Which muscles of the superficial extensor group attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by way of a common extensor tendon? |
|
Definition
| extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| Brachioradialis tendon attaches... |
|
Definition
to the lateral surface of the distal radius |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Tendon Attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the base of metacarpal bone 2 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon attaches... |
|
Definition
| to teh base of metacarpal bone 3 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Digitorum Tendons Attach... |
|
Definition
| to the extensor expansions of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Digiti Minimi Tendon Attaches.... |
|
Definition
| to the extensor expansion of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Attaches... |
|
Definition
| to the base of metacarpal bone 5 |
|
|
Term
| What ties the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle together? |
|
Definition
| intertendinous connections on the posterior surface of the hand |
|
|
Term
Where is the extensor expansion? |
|
Definition
| wrapped around the dorsum and sides of the proximal phalanx and the distal end of the metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles of the deep extensor group? |
|
Definition
| abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and supinator |
|
|
Term
What are the proximal attachments of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis? |
|
Definition
| posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane (the 4 muscles emerge from the interval between the extensor digitorum muscle and the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of metacarpal bone 1 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
base of distal phalanx of digit 1 |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Indicis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| extensor expansion of digit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression on the posterior surface of the wrist that is bounded anteriorly by the abductor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor pollicis brevis tendon, posterior boundary is the extensor pollicis longus tendon |
|
|
Term
| What artery is within the anatomical snuffbox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the radial artery disappear? |
|
Definition
| between the two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle |
|
|
Term
| What supplies arterial blood to the dorsum of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supinator Muscle Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
| lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, anular ligament, lateral surface of the ulna |
|
|
Term
| Supinator Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| proximal 1/3 of the radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve enters the supinator muscle? |
|
Definition
| deep branch of the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| When the deep branch of the radial nerve emerges from the supinator muscle, the name changes to... |
|
Definition
| posterior interosseous nerve |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Interosseous Nerve |
|
Definition
| provies motor branches to the extensor muscles, accompanied by the posterior interosseous artery (branch of the common interosseous artery) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates all of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament connects the sternum to the clavicle? |
|
Definition
| anterior sternoclavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| Where does the costoclavicular ligament run? |
|
Definition
| obliquely from the first costal cartilage to the inferior suface of the clavicle near its medial end |
|
|
Term
| What are the inferior and superior attachments of the articular disc? |
|
Definition
| first costal cartilage, clavicle (it resists medial displacement of the clavicle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plane synovial joint between the acromion and the distal end of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| What ligament supports the acromioclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
| coracoclavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What do the conoid and trapezoid ligaments prevent? |
|
Definition
| the acromion from moving inferiorly relatice to the clavicle, strengthening the joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
glenohumeral joint, ball and socket joint with a wide range of motion |
|
|
Term
| What tendon passes through the glenoid cavity? |
|
Definition
| tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle and it is attached to the supraglenoid tubercle |
|
|
Term
What prevent superior displacement of the head of the humerus? |
|
Definition
| coracoacromial ligament, acromion, and the coracoid process |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 parts of the elbow? |
|
Definition
| hinge joint: between trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; gliding joint: between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament |
|
Definition
| medial side of the elbow joint, consists of a strong anterior cord and a fan-like posterior portion |
|
|
Term
| Radial Collateral Ligament |
|
Definition
| fans out from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius and anular ligament |
|
|
Term
Proximal Radioulnar Joint |
|
Definition
| Pivot joint that occurs between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna |
|
|
Term
What completely encircle the head of the radius? |
|
Definition
| anular ligament and the radial notch of the ulna (the radius can freely rotate in the anular ligament) |
|
|
Term
| What joins the radius and the ulna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| picot joint that occurs between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What reinforces the anterior and posterior surfaces of the wrist joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holds the distal ends of the radius and ulna together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiocarpal joint, articulation between the distal end of the radius and the proximal carpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the only 2 bones that the end of the radius articulates with? |
|
Definition
| scaphoid and lunate (these 2 bones transmit forces from the hand to the forearm and are the most commonly fractured) |
|
|
Term
| When does the articular disc articulate with the triquetrum? |
|
Definition
| when the hand is adducted |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint are the metacarpophalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
