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Grant's Upper Limb
anatomy end of term test
300
Anatomy
Graduate
11/12/2007

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Cards

Term
Function of the Upper Limb
Definition
to place the hand in position to be effective as a grasping tool
Term
Four Regions of the Arm
Definition
shoulder, arm (brachium), forearm (antebrachium), and hand (manus)
Term
Superficial fasica contains...
Definition

fat, superficial veins, cutaneous nerves

Term
Superficial Veins
Definition
frequently used for drawing blood and injecting medications
Term
Dorsal Venous Arch
Definition
collects venous drainage from the posterior surface of the hand and digits, gives rise to basilic and cephalic veins
Term
Median Cubital Vein
Definition
joins cephalic and basilic veins across the cubital fossa
Term
Cephalic Vein
Definition
arises from dorsal venous arch, proximally courses in the deltopectoral groove between deltoid muscle and pectoralis major muscle, passes deeply into deltopectoral triangle to join axillary vein near clavicle
Term
Basilic Vein
Definition
follow proximally --> it pierces deep fascia to join brachial vein before reaching axilla
Term
Perforating Veins
Definition
penetrate deep fascia and connect the superficial veins to deep veins
Term
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Definition
superior lateral cutaneous of the arm, inferior lateral cutaneous of the arm, posterior cutaneous of the arm, intercostobrachial, medial cutaneous of the arm, medial cutaneous of the forearm, lateral cutaneous of the forearm, posterior cutaneous of the forearm
Term
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm
Definition
a the level of the elbow, located in the superficial fascia lateral to the biceps brachii tendon and close to cephalic vein or median cubital vein
Term
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm
Definition
at the level of the elbow, located on the medial side of the biceps brachii tendon and close to basilic vein
Term
Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve
Definition
lateral side of wrist, may be found in superficial fascia near the styloid process of the radius
Term
Dorsal Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
Definition
medial side of wrist, may be found in superficial fascia near styloid process of the ulna
Term
Deep Fascia
Definition
extends from shoulder to fingertips, brachial fascia in arm, antebrachial fascia in forearm, palmar fascia and dorsal fascia of the hand in the hand
Term
Shoulder (scapulohumeral) Muscles
Definition
deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
Term
4 Muscles arising from Dorsal Surface of the Scapula
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, and teres minor
Term
Deltoid Muscle Proximal Attachments
Definition

spine of scapula, acromion of scapula, and the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Term
Deltoid Muscle Distal Attachment
Definition
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Term
Deltoid Movement
Definition

abducts the humerus

Term
What passes on the deep surface of the deltoid muscle near its attachment to the humerus?
Definition
axillary nerve, and the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
Term
Axillary Nerve Innervates
Definition
deltoid and teres minor
Term
Superior Border of the Quadrangular Space
Definition
inferior border of the teres minor
Term
Lateral Border of the Quadrangular Space
Definition
surgical neck of the humerus
Term
Medial Border of the Quadrangular Space
Definition
long head of the triceps brachii
Term
Inferior Border of the Quadrangular Space
Definition
superior border of the teres major
Term
Long Head of the Triceps Brachii passes....
Definition
anterior to the teres minor muscle and posterior to the teres major muscle
Term

Teres Minor Proximal Attachment

Definition

lateral border of the scapula

Term
Teres Minor Distal Attachment
Definition
inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Term
Teres Minor Movement
Definition

laterally rotates the humerus

Term
Teres Major Proximal Attachment
Definition
inferior angle of the scapula
Term
Teres Major Distal Attachment
Definition
medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Term
Teres Major Movement
Definition
adducts and medially rotates the humerus
Term
Supraspinatus Proximal Attachment
Definition
supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Term
Supraspinatus Distal Attachment
Definition
highest facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Term
Supraspinatus Movement
Definition
initiates abduction of the humerus
Term

Infraspinatus Proximal Attachment

Definition
infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Term
Infraspinatus Distal Attachment
Definition
middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Term
Infraspinatus Movement
Definition
laterally rotates the humerus
Term
What is found deep to the supraspinatus muscle?
Definition
suprascapular artery and nerve
Term
Suprascapular Artery
Definition
passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and the suprascapular nerve passes inferior to it, reach infraspinatus muscle w/ nerve coursing deep (anterior) to the spine of the scapula, contributes to the collateral circulation of the scapular region
Term
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
Term
Axilla
Definition
region between the pectoral muscles, the scapula, the arm, and the thoracic wall, transitional region through which vessels and nerves pass from the root of the neck into the upper limb
Term
Contents of the Axilla
Definition
axillary sheath, brachial plexus, axillary vessles and their branches, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, portions of three muscles, and a considerable amount of fat and connective tissue
Term
Apex of the Axilla Boundary
Definition

clavicle anteriorly, upper border of the scapula posteriorly and the first rib medially

Term
Base of Axilla Boundary
Definition
skin and fascia of the armpit
Term
Anterior Wall of Axilla Boundary
Definition
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and clavipectoral fascia
Term
Posterior Wall of Axilla Boundary
Definition
posterior axillary fold (teres major and latissimus dorsi) and subscapularis muscle that covers the anterior surface of the scapula
Term

Medial Wall of the Axilla Boundary

Definition
upper portion of the thoracic wall and the serratus anterior which overlies this wall
Term
Lateral Wall of Axilla Boundary
Definition
intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Term
Axillary Sheath
Definition
connective tissue structure that surrounds the axillary vessels and brachial plexus, extends from lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major
Term
Axillary Artery
Definition
begins at lateral border of the first rib where it is the continuation of the subclavian artery, ends at the inferior border of the teres major muscle where its name changes to brachial artery, it is surrounded by the brachial plexus
Term
First Part of the Axillary Artery
Definition
extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the medial border of the pectoralis minor, has one branch --> superior thoracic artery --> to first and second intercostal spaces
Term
Second Part of the Axillary Artery
Definition
lies posterior to the pectoralis minor, 2 branches: thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic arteries
Term
Third Part of the Axillary Artery
Definition
extends from the lateral border of the pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major, 3 branches: subscapular, posterior circumflex humeral, and anterior circumflex humeral
Term
Thoraco-Acromial Artery
Definition
Acromial, Deltoid, Pectoral, and Clavicular branches
Term
Acromial Branch of Thoraco-Acromial Artery
Definition
passes laterally across the coracoid process to the acromion
Term
Deltoid Branch of Thoraco-Acromial Artery
Definition
courses laterally in the deltopectoral groove, accompanies the cephalic vein
Term
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Definition
along lateral border of pectoralis minor, supplies the pectoral muscles and lateral thoracic wall, in females--also supplies lateral portion of the mammary gland
Term
Subscapular Artery
Definition
largest branch of axillary artery, courses inferiorly for a short distance before dividing into the circumflex scapular artery (to muscles on the posterior surface of the scapula) and the thoracodorsal artery (to the latissimus dorsi)
Term
Deltoid Muscle Supplied By...
Definition
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Term
Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
Definition
larger, passes posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus with the axillary nerve, passes through the quadrangular space
Term
Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
Definition
courses around the anterior surface of the humerus at the surgical neck, passes deep to the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
Term
Brachial Plexus
Definition
begins in the root of the neck superior to the clavicle, passes distally toward the base of the axilla, where its terminal branches arise
Term
3 Cords of the Brachial Plexus
Definition
lateral, medial, and posterior--named according to their relationship to the second part of the axillary artery (posterior to the pec minor)
Term
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Definition
most lateral terminal branch of brachial plexus, enters coracobrachialis muscle
Term
Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus
Definition
gives rise to lateral root of the median nerve
Term
Medial Cord of Brachial Plexus
Definition
continues distally as the ulnar nerve
Term
M of Brachial Plexus
Definition
musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves, anterior to the 3rd part of the axillary artery
Term

2 Branches of the Medial Cord

Definition
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Term
Posterior Cord Branches
Definition
axillary, radial, and 3 subscapular (upper, middle, and lower) nerves
Term
Axillary Nerve
Definition
passes posterior to the humerus and courses through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery
Term
Radial Nerve
Definition
leaves the axilla by passing posterior to the humerus, motor and sensory nerve to the posterior portion of the upper limb
Term
Upper Subscapular Nerve innervates
Definition
subscapularis muscle
Term
Middle Subscapular Nerve (thoracodorsal nerve) innervates
Definition
latissiums dorsi
Term
Lower Subscapular Nerve innervates
Definition
subscapularis and teres major
Term

Muscles of the Posterior Wall of the Axillar

Definition
latissiums dorsi, teres major, subscapularis
Term
Subscapularis Proximal Attachment
Definition
subscapular fossa of the scapula
Term
Subscapularis Distal Attachment
Definition
lesser tubercle of the humerus
Term
Subscapularis Movement
Definition
medially rotates the humerus
Term
Serratus Anterior Proximal Attachment
Definition
external surfaces of ribs 1-8
Term
Serratus Anterior Distal Attachment
Definition
anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Term
Serratus Anterior Movement
Definition
protracts the scapula, also rotates the scapula especially when the arm is abducted above the horizontal plane
Term
Injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve
Definition
vulnerable to stab wounds and surgical injury during radiacl mastectomy, affects serratus anterior, medial border of scapula protrudes on affected side when asked to push with both hands against a wall--known as "winged scapula"
Term
Injury to Thoracodorsal Nerve
Definition
vulnerable to compression injuries and surgical trauma during mastectomy, affects the latissimus dorsi resulting in a weakened ability to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus
Term
Injury to the Axillary Nerve
Definition
courses around the surgical neck of the humerus and may be injured during a fracture or during an inferior dislocation of the shoulder joing, affects the deltoid and teres minor, resulting in a weakened ability to abduct and laterally rotate the humerus
Term
Brachial Fascia (deep fascia of the arm)
Definition
continuous at its proximal end w/ pectoral fascia, axillary fascia, and the deep fascia that covers the deltoid and latissimus dorsi, distally is continuous with the antebrachial fascia, connected to medial and lateral sides of the humerus by intermuscular septa creating anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments for the muscles of the arm
Term
Anterior (Flexor) Compartment
Definition
biceps brachii muscle, brachialis muscle, coracobrachialis muscle, and musculocutaneous nerve
Term
Posterior (Extensor) Compartment
Definition
triceps brachii muslce, anconeus muscle, radial nerve, and deep artery and vein of the arm
Term
Biceps Brachii Proximal Attachments
Definition
Short head: coracoid process of the scapula, Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Term
Tendon of the Long Head of Biceps Brachii
Definition
courses through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus posterior to the transverse humeral ligament and then enters the shoulder joint
Term
Biceps Brachii Tendon Distal Attachment
Definition
tuberosity of the radius
Term
Biceps Brachii Movement
Definition
supinates and flexes the forearm
Term
Bicipital Aponeurosis
Definition
broad extension of the biceps tendon that attaches to the antebrachial fascia, located on the medial side of the biceps brachii tendon
Term
Musculocutaneous Nerve innervates
Definition
3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Term
Coracobrachialis Proximal Attachment
Definition
coracoid process
Term
Coracobrachialis Distal Attachment
Definition

medial side of the shaft of the humerus

Term
Coracobrachialis Movement
Definition
adducts and flexes the humerus
Term
Brachialis Proximal Attachment
Definition
anterior surface of the distal 1/2 of the humerus
Term
Brachialis Distal Attachment
Definition
coronoid process of the ulna
Term
Brachialis Movement
Definition
flexes the forearm
Term
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Definition
runs through the plane of loose connective tissue between the biceps brachii muscle and brachialis muscle, continues distally as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Term
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm
Definition
goes to the cubital fossa, emerges near the lateral side of the biceps brachii tendon
Term
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm
Definition
goes from the brachial plexus to the level of the elbow
Term
Median Nerve
Definition
arise from the brachial plexus, courses distally within the medial intermuscular septum with the brachial artery
Term
Ulnar Nerve
Definition
goes from the medial cord of the brachial plexus to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, is in contact with the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
Brachial Artery
Definition
continuation of the axillary artery, begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle and ends at the level of the elbow by branching into the ulnar artery and radial artery, courses with the median nerve
Term
Branches of the Brachial Artery
Definition

deep artery of the arm (deep brachial artery, profunda brachii artery), superior ulnar collateral artery and inferior ulnar collateral artery

Term
Deep Artery of the Arm
Definition
courses around the posterior surface of the humerus, accompanies radial nerve in the radial groove
Term
Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery
Definition
arises near the middle of the arm, courses distally with the ulnar nerve and passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery
Definition
arises approximately 3cm above the medial epicondyle of the humerus and passes anterior to the medial epicondyle between the brachialis muscle and the pronator teres muscle
Term
Brachial Artery Blockage
Definition
may be blocked at any level distal to the deep artery of the arm w/out completely blocking blood flow to the forearm and hand, it lies medial to the biceps brachii and close to the shaft of the humerus, compressed at this location when taking a BP
Term
Cubital Fossa
Definition
depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow, contains superficial veins that are used for venipuncture
Term
What is the only large structure to cross the brachial artery?
Definition
median nerve
Term
Lateral Boundary of the Cubital Fossa
Definition
brachioradialis muscle
Term
Medial Boundary of the Cubital Fossa
Definition
pronator teres muscle
Term
Superior Boundary of the Cubital Fossa
Definition
an imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
Term
Superficial Boundary of the Cubital Fossa (roof)
Definition
antebrachial fascia reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis
Term
Deep Boundary of the Cubital Fossa (floor)
Definition
brachialis and supinator muscles
Term
Structures in Cubital Fossa
Definition
biceps brachii tendon is lateral, brachial artery is intermediate, and median nerve is medial, bicipital aponeurosis passes superficial to brachial artery and median nerve but lies deep to the superficial veins (protects brachial a. and median n. from injury during venipuncture)
Term
Long Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment
Definition
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Term
Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment
Definition
posterior surface of the humerus superior to the radial groove
Term

Medial Head of the Triceps Brachii Proximal Attachment

Definition

posterior surface of the humerus inferior to the radial groove

Term
Triceps Brachii Distal Attachment
Definition
on the olecranon of the ulna
Term
Triceps Brachii Movement
Definition
extends the forearm
Term
What crosses the anterior surface of the long head of the triceps brachii?
Definition
teres major muscle
Term
What lies directly on the posterior surface of the humerus in the radial groove?
Definition
radial nerve and deep artery of the arm
Term
What passes on the flexor side of the elbow joint?
Definition
radial nerve accompanied by the radial recurrent artery
Term
Anconeus Muscle Proximal Attachment
Definition
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Term
Anconeus Distal Attachment
Definition
lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna
Term
Anconeus Movement
Definition
assists the triceps brachii muscle in extension of the forearm
Term
ALL muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the...
Definition
musculocutaneous nerve
Term
ALL muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the...
Definition
radial nerve
Term
What attaches the antebrachial fascia to the radius and the ulna?
Definition
intermuscular septa
Term
A thickened posterior portion of the antebrachial fascia to create a strong transverse band
Definition
extensor retinaculum
Term
Muscles of the Superficial Flexor Group arise...
Definition
primarily from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and its supracondylar ridge
Term
Muscles of the deep flexor group arise...
Definition
from the anterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
Term
Elbow Joint
Definition
articulation between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus, and the articulation between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus
Term
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Definition
between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
Term

Distal Radioulnar Joint

 

Definition
between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
Term

Superficial Group of Flexor Muscles

Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
Superficial Group Proximal Attachment
Definition
part is from a common flexor tendon attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
Pronator Teres Distal Attachment
Definition
middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Term
Pronator Teres Movement
Definition
pronates the hand and flexes the forearm
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis tendon Distal Attachment
Definition
base of the 2nd metacarpal bone
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon Movement
Definition
flexes and abducts the hand
Term
Palmaris Longus Tendon Distal Attachment
Definition
palmar aponeurosis
Term
Palmaris Longus Movement
Definition

flexes the hand

Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Distal Attachment
Definition
pisiform bone, hamate bone, and the base of the 5th metacarpal bone
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Movement
Definition
flexes and adducts the hand
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Distal Attachment
Definition
middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Movement
Definition
flexes the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Term

Radial Artery Pulse is found...

Definition
between the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and flexor carpi radialis
Term
What lies immediately lateral to the pisiform bone?
Definition
ulnar nerve and artery
Term
Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve courses...
Definition
distally on the deep surface of the brachioradialis muscle, it becomes subcutaneous near the wrist
Term
Brachial artery distally bifurcates into...
Definition
radial and ulnar arteries
Term

High Bifurcation of the Brachial Artery

Definition
3% of upper limbs brachial a. bifurcates in the arm, ulnar artery may course superficial to the superficial group of flexor muscles (ulnar a. may be mistaken for a vein)
Term

What happens when injected drugs damage the capillary bed?

Definition

it can be followed by gangrene and in the case of the ulnar artery, the hand could be severly injured

Term
Radial Recurrent Artery arises from, courses to, and anastomoses with...
Definition

arises from the radial artery near its origin from the brachial artery, courses proximally in the connective tissue plane between the brachioradialis muscle and the brachialis muscle, anastomoses with the radial collateral branch of the deep artery of the arm

Term
Median Nerve is located in and innervates...
Definition
is in the cubital fossa medial to the brachial artery and passes deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis, it innervates most of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm (palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, and pronator teres)
Term
Ulnar Artery is located...
Definition
in the cubital fossa, passes posterior to the deep part of the pronator teres and crosses posterior to median nerve, passes between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus to reach ulnar side of forearm
Term
Common Interosseous Artery location
Definition
arise 3cm distal to the origin of the ulnar artery from the brachial artery, usually short, passes posterolaterally toward the interosseous membrane before dividing into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
Term
Anterior Interosseous Artery supplies...
Definition
deep group of flexor muscles
Term
Posterior Interosseous Artery supplies...
Definition
externsor group of forearm muscles
Term
Anterior and Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Arteries arise from and anastomose with...
Definition
arise from the ulnar artery in the proximal forearm, anastomose w/ inferior and superior ulnar collateral branches of the brachial artery, respectively
Term
Where does the ulnar artery join the ulnar nerve?
Definition
approximately 1/3 of the way down the forearm
Term
Where does the ulnar nerve course and what does it innervate?
Definition
proximally courses between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris and innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Term

What are the deep group of flexor muscles?

Definition
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus proximal attachment is...
Definition
the anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus distal attachment
Definition
distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Movement
Definition
flexes the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Term

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Innervation

Definition
lateral 1/2 is median nerve and medial 1/2 is ulnar nerve
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus Proximal Attachment
Definition
anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment
Definition
distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus Movement
Definition
flexes digit 1
Term
Pronator Quadratus is located...
Definition
lies posterior to the tendons of the superficial and deep flexor muscles, fibers run transversely from the ulna to the radius in the distal 1/4 of the forearm
Term
Pronator Quadratus Movement
Definition
pronates the hand
Term
What passes posterior to the pronator quadratus muscle?
Definition
anterior interosseous artery and nerve
Term
All the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by ________ nerve except for....
Definition
median nerve, except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
Term
What are the 2 superficial groups of intrinsic hand muscles?
Definition
The thenar group of muscles forms the thenar eminence and the hypothenar group forms the hypothenar eminece (intrinsic muscles have proximal and distal attachments w/ in the hand)
Term
What is the palmar aponeurosis?
Definition
A thickening of the palmer fascia in the middle of the palm
Term
How do the tendons deep to the palmar aponeurosis reach the palm and what are they responsible for?
Definition
through the carpal tunnel, flex the digits
Term
What muscles are in the deepest part of the palm?
Definition
small muscles that abduct and adduct the digits
Term
What artery is the superficial arch derived from?
Definition
ulnar artery
Term
What artery is the deep arch derived from?
Definition
radial artery
Term
What bones are on the medial side of the wrist?
Definition
pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate
Term
What bones are on the lateral side of the wrist?
Definition
tubercle of the scaphoid and tubercle of the trapezium
Term
What bridges the 2 medial and 2 lateral wrist bones?
Definition
flexor retinaculum
Term
Carpal Tunnel
Definition
space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum that allows passage of the flexor tendons and the median nerve into the hand
Term
Palmar Aponeurosis
Definition
has 4 bands of longitudinal fibers (1 band to each of digits 2-5), the fibers end by attaching to the fibrous digital sheath near the base of the proximal phalanx of each digit
Term

Palmaris Brevis Muscle is found...

Definition
superficial to the hypothenar muscles
Term
Palmaris Brevis Proximal Attachment
Definition
medial aspect of the palmar aponeurosis
Term
Palmaris Brevis Muscle Distal Attachment
Definition
skin over the hypothenar eminence
Term
Palmaris Longus Muscle is attached to...
Definition
palmar aponeurosis, but it may be absent
Term

The ulnar artery passes lateral to the...

Definition
pisiform bone with the ulnar nerve
Term
The ulnar artery divides into the...
Definition
superficial branch and deep palmar branch
Term
Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Artery crosses the palm to form...
Definition
the superficial palmar arch
Term
What completes the superficial palmar arch?
Definition
superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
Term
The 3 common palmar digital arteries each divide into...
Definition

2 proper palmar digital arteries that supply the adjacent sides of two digits

Term
What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Definition
cutaneous innervation to digit 5 and medial side of digit 4
Term
What disappears into the hypothenar muscles?
Definition
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Term
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Definition
median nerve, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, and the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle
Term
The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates...
Definition
the 3 thenar muscles (the median nerve also innervates lumbrical muscles 1 and 2)
Term
What branches of the median nerve supply the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits?
Definition
common palmar digital branches
Term

What do the common palmar digital nerves typically divide into and give rise to?

Definition

2 proper palmar digital nerves which accompany the proper palmar digital arteries

Term
Where do the flexor tendons pass through the hand?
Definition
in the palm posterior to the superficial palmar arch and digital nerves, they enter the fibrous sheaths on the anterior surfaces of the digits
Term
What are the synovial sheaths that are deep to the flexor retinaculum?
Definition
common flexor sheath (ulnar bursa) and 3 digital synovial sheaths (flexor pollicis longus has its own sheath--radial bursa)
Term
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
a swelling of the common flexor sheath encroached on teh available space in the carpal tunnel, median nerve is compressed resulting in pain and paresthesia of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, and weakness of the thenar muscles
Term
Lumbrical Muscle Proximal Attachment
Definition
4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Term
Lumbrical Muscle Distal Attachment
Definition
radial side of the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Term
Lumbrical Muscle Movement
Definition
flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
Term
What splits the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Definition
the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Term

In digits 2-5, where do the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus attach?

Definition
superficialis on the middle phalanx, profundus on the distal phalanx
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus attaches to the...
Definition
distal phalanx of the thumb
Term
What are the thenar group of muscles?
Definition
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis
Term
What are the proximal attachments of the thenar muscles?
Definition
scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
Term
Abductor Pollicis Brevis attaches to the...
Definition
lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Movement
Definition
abducts the thumb
Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis attaches to the...
Definition
lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Movement
Definition
flexes the thumb
Term
Opponens Pollicis attaches...
Definition
to the lateral side of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone
Term
Opponens Pollicis Movement
Definition
opposes the thumb
Term
Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve crosses...
Definition
the superficial surface of the flexor pollicis brevis and disappears deep to the abductor pollicis brevis
Term

"Minor" cuts over the thenar eminence can sever the _______ causing thenar muscle paralysis and no thumb opposition

Definition
recurrent branch of the median nerve
Term
What are the muscles of the hypothenar group?
Definition
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi
Term
What are the proximal attachments of the hypothenar muscles?
Definition
pisiform, hamate, and flexor retinaculum
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi attaches...
Definition
to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi Movement
Definition
abducts digit 5
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis attaches...
Definition
to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Movement
Definition
flexes digit 5
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi attaches...
Definition
to the medial border of the 5th metacarpal bone
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi Movement
Definition
opposes digit 5
Term
What passes between the proximal attachments of the flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digiti minimi?
Definition
deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery
Term
Where does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve lie?
Definition
on the anterior surface of the interosseous muscle
Term
What gives rise to the deep palmar arch?
Definition
radial artery
Term
What are the 2 heads of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
oblique and transverse
Term
What is the proximal attachment of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
bases of metacarpal bones 2 and 3 and the adjacent carpal bones
Term
What is the proximal attachment of transverse head of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
anterior surface of the shaft of the metacarpal bone 3
Term
Both heads of the adductor pollicis muscle attach...
Definition
to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
Adductor Pollicis Movement
Definition
draws the thumb toward digit 3 (adduction)
Term
3 Palmar Interosseous Muslces
Definition
unipennate muscles that attach to the metacarpal bones of digits 2, 4, and 5
Term
Palmar Interosseous Muslces Distal Attachment
Definition
bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions
Term

Palmar Interosseous Movement

Definition

adduct digits 2, 4, and 5 toward an imaginary axial line drawn through the long axis of digit 3 (PAD)

Term

4 Dorsal Interosseous Movement

Definition
move digits 2-4 away from the imaginary axial line (DAB)
Term

What innervates the interosseous muscles?

Definition
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Term
All intrinsic muslces of the hand are innervated by ______ except the thenar muscles, and the first 2 lumbrical muscles (median nerve)
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term

What do the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the forearm do?

Definition
extend the wrist and the proximal phalanges
Term
What do the deep group of extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm do?
Definition
cause supination of the hand, extension of digit 2, and abduction and extension of the thumb
Term
What innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm?
Definition
deep branch of the radial nerve
Term
What muscles are in the superficial extensor group?
Definition
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Term

Which muscles of the superficial extensor group attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by way of a common extensor tendon?

Definition
extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Term
Brachioradialis tendon attaches...
Definition

to the lateral surface of the distal radius

Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Tendon Attaches...
Definition
to the base of metacarpal bone 2
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon attaches...
Definition
to teh base of metacarpal bone 3
Term
Extensor Digitorum Tendons Attach...
Definition
to the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi Tendon Attaches....
Definition
to the extensor expansion of digit 5
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Attaches...
Definition
to the base of metacarpal bone 5
Term
What ties the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle together?
Definition
intertendinous connections on the posterior surface of the hand
Term

Where is the extensor expansion?

Definition
wrapped around the dorsum and sides of the proximal phalanx and the distal end of the metacarpal bone
Term
What are the muscles of the deep extensor group?
Definition
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and supinator
Term

What are the proximal attachments of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis?

Definition
posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane (the 4 muscles emerge from the interval between the extensor digitorum muscle and the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle)
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment
Definition
base of metacarpal bone 1
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Distal Attachment
Definition
base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus Distal Attachment
Definition

base of distal phalanx of digit 1

Term
Extensor Indicis Distal Attachment
Definition
extensor expansion of digit 2
Term
Anatomical Snuffbox
Definition
depression on the posterior surface of the wrist that is bounded anteriorly by the abductor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor pollicis brevis tendon, posterior boundary is the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Term
What artery is within the anatomical snuffbox?
Definition
radial
Term
Where does the radial artery disappear?
Definition
between the two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle
Term
What supplies arterial blood to the dorsum of the hand?
Definition
Dorsal carpal arch
Term
Supinator Muscle Proximal Attachments
Definition
lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, anular ligament, lateral surface of the ulna
Term
Supinator Distal Attachment
Definition
proximal 1/3 of the radius
Term
Supinator Movement
Definition
supinates the hand
Term
What nerve enters the supinator muscle?
Definition
deep branch of the radial nerve
Term
When the deep branch of the radial nerve emerges from the supinator muscle, the name changes to...
Definition
posterior interosseous nerve
Term
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Definition
provies motor branches to the extensor muscles, accompanied by the posterior interosseous artery (branch of the common interosseous artery)
Term
What innervates all of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
radial nerve
Term
Are there intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand?
Definition
no
Term
What ligament connects the sternum to the clavicle?
Definition
anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Term
Where does the costoclavicular ligament run?
Definition
obliquely from the first costal cartilage to the inferior suface of the clavicle near its medial end
Term
What are the inferior and superior attachments of the articular disc?
Definition
first costal cartilage, clavicle (it resists medial displacement of the clavicle)
Term
Acromioclavicular Joint
Definition
plane synovial joint between the acromion and the distal end of the clavicle
Term
What ligament supports the acromioclavicular joint?
Definition
coracoclavicular ligament
Term
What do the conoid and trapezoid ligaments prevent?
Definition
the acromion from moving inferiorly relatice to the clavicle, strengthening the joint
Term
What is the shoulder joint?
Definition

glenohumeral joint, ball and socket joint with a wide range of motion

Term
What tendon passes through the glenoid cavity?
Definition
tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle and it is attached to the supraglenoid tubercle
Term

What prevent superior displacement of the head of the humerus?

Definition
coracoacromial ligament, acromion, and the coracoid process
Term
What are the 2 parts of the elbow?
Definition
hinge joint: between trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; gliding joint: between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius
Term
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Definition
medial side of the elbow joint, consists of a strong anterior cord and a fan-like posterior portion
Term
Radial Collateral Ligament
Definition
fans out from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius and anular ligament
Term

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Definition
Pivot joint that occurs between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
Term

What completely encircle the head of the radius?

Definition
anular ligament and the radial notch of the ulna (the radius can freely rotate in the anular ligament)
Term
What joins the radius and the ulna?
Definition
interosseus membrane
Term
Distal Radioulnar Joint
Definition
picot joint that occurs between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
Term
What reinforces the anterior and posterior surfaces of the wrist joint?
Definition
radiocarpal ligaments
Term
What holds the distal ends of the radius and ulna together?
Definition
articular disc
Term
What is the wrist joint?
Definition
radiocarpal joint, articulation between the distal end of the radius and the proximal carpal bone
Term
What are the only 2 bones that the end of the radius articulates with?
Definition
scaphoid and lunate (these 2 bones transmit forces from the hand to the forearm and are the most commonly fractured)
Term
When does the articular disc articulate with the triquetrum?
Definition
when the hand is adducted
Term
What type of joint are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Definition
condyloid joints
Term
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?
Definition
hinge joints
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