Term
What is the lower limb constructed for and what are the 4 parts? |
|
Definition
| strength at the cost of mobility, hip, thigh, leg, and foot |
|
|
Term
| What nerves innervate the skin of the gluteal region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior and Middle Cluneal Nerves are branches of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior Cluneal Nerves are branches of... |
|
Definition
| the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and it wraps around the inferior border of the gluteus maximus msucle |
|
|
Term
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh runs... |
|
Definition
| deep to the deep fascia and branches pierce the deep fascia to supply the skin on the posterior surface of the thigh and popliteal fossa |
|
|
Term
Small Saphenous Vein passes... |
|
Definition
| posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle adn arises from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch, pierces deep fascia in the popliteal fossa superiorly and joins the popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of the ankle and foot? |
|
Definition
| sural nerve, pierces the deep fascia half way down the posterior aspect of the leg and courses parallel to the small saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
| The great saphenous vein arises from... |
|
Definition
| the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the great saphenous vein? |
|
Definition
| at the ankle it passes anterior to the medial malleolus, at the knee it passes over the posterior border of the medial epicondyle of the femur, courses anterolaterally to lie on the anterior surface of the thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inferior to the inguinal ligament, the great saphenous vein passes through it in the deep fascia and drains the femoral vein |
|
|
Term
Saphenous nerve accompanies... |
|
Definition
| the great saphenous vein in the leg |
|
|
Term
| What connect the great saphenous vein to the deep venous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the superficial veins that join the great saphenous vein near its proximal end? |
|
Definition
| superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric, and superficial circumflex iliac |
|
|
Term
| What usually drains the skin and superficial fascia of the medial thigh? |
|
Definition
| a large accessory saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
| What prevent back flow of blood in the great saphenous vein? |
|
Definition
| superficial and perforating veins, if they are insufficient then veins become distended (varicose veins) |
|
|
Term
| Portions of what vein may be removed and used as graft vessels in coronary bypass surgery? |
|
Definition
| great saphenous vein, distal end is attached to the aorta reversing the direction of blood flow through the vessel so that the valves do not impede the flow of blood |
|
|
Term
Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve pass and what does it innervate? |
|
Definition
| deep to the inguinal ligament and innervates the skin of the lateral thigh |
|
|
Term
| What do the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve innervate and where do they enter the superficial fascia? |
|
Definition
| innervate the skin of the anterior thigh and enter lateral to teh great saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the skin of the medial thigh? |
|
Definition
| cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve |
|
|
Term
| Saphenous nerve is a branch of the ______ nerve and innervates.... |
|
Definition
| branch of the femoral nerve and innervates the anterior and medial aspects of the leg and the medial side of the ankle and foot |
|
|
Term
| Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve... |
|
Definition
| pierces the deep fascia proximal to the lateral malleolus and innervates teh dorsum of the foot and sends dorsal digital nerves to the skin of the toes |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the skin between the 1st and 2nd toe? |
|
Definition
| dorsal digital branches of the deep fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| Where is the horizontal group of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| 2cm below the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| Where is the vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| around the proximal end of the great saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
| The superficial inguinal lymph nodes collect lymph from...and drain into... |
|
Definition
| lower limb, lower anterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, perineum, and external genitalia, drain into the deep inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| What are the regional names of the deep fascia of the lower limb? |
|
Definition
| fascia lata in the thigh, crural fascia in the leg, and pedal fascia in the foot (lateral portion of the fascia lata is particularly strong and is called the iliotibial tract) |
|
|
Term
What connects the fascia lata to the femur? |
|
Definition
| intermuscular septa and forms 3 fascial compartments of the thigh: anterior (extensor), medial (adductor), and posterior (flexor) |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
| sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis |
|
|
Term
What is the major blood supply to the lower limb that passes through the anterior compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
| femoral artery and deep femoral artery |
|
|
Term
What does the femoral sheath contain? |
|
Definition
| femoral artery, femoral vein, and some depe inguinal lymph nodes (shaped like a short cone) |
|
|
Term
| Lateral compartment of the femoral sheath contains... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath contains... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Medial compartment of the femoral sheath contains... |
|
Definition
| lymphatics (called the femoral canal and its proximal opening is called the femoral ring) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
femoral ring is a potential site, it is a protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal, hernia may become strangulated due to the inflexibility of the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? |
|
Definition
| superior: inguinal ligament, lateral: sartorius, medial: adductor longus, floor: iliopsoas and pectineus, roof: fascia lata |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the femoral triangle? |
|
Definition
| femoral nerve and its branches, femoral artery and some of its branches, femoral vein and some of its tributaries (esp. great saphenous vein), and femoral sheath |
|
|
Term
Where can the pulse of the femoral artery be palpated? |
|
Definition
3cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament within the femoral triangle |
|
|
Term
| A catheter introduced into the femoral artery can be advanced proximally into... |
|
Definition
| the aorta and its branches |
|
|
Term
| A catheter introduced into the femoral vein can be advanced through the... |
|
Definition
| IVC into the right atrium of the heart |
|
|
Term
| What small arteries arise from the femoral artery just distal to the inguinal ligament? |
|
Definition
| superficial external pudendal artery (passes medially), superficial epigastric artery (passes superiorly), and superficial circumflex iliac artery (passes laterally) -- supply surperficial fascia of the abdominal wall, proximal thigh, and part of the perineum |
|
|
Term
| What large arteries arise within the femoral triangle? |
|
Definition
| deep artery of the thigh (deep femoral artery, profunda femoris artery), lateral circumflex femoral artery, and medial circumflex femoral artery (medial and later circumflex arise from deep artery of thigh) |
|
|
Term
| Femoral artery courses... |
|
Definition
| distally between the sartorius muscle and adductor longus |
|
|
Term
| deep artery of the thigh courses... |
|
Definition
| parallel to the femoral artery but posterior to teh adductor longus, supplies medial and posterior compartments of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| lateral circumflex femoral artery passes... |
|
Definition
| laterally, deep to the proximal end of the rectus femoris muscle, and supplies the lateral part of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| medial circumflex femoral artery passes... |
|
Definition
| posteriorly, between the pectineus and iliopsoas muscles |
|
|
Term
| Iliacus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psoas Major Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| transverse processes and bodies of vertebra T12-L5 |
|
|
Term
| Iliopsoas Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lesser trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong flexor of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| Pectineus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| superior ramus of the pubis |
|
|
Term
| Pectineus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| pectineal line of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adducts and flexes the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the anterior thigh muscles and the skin of the anterior thigh? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adductor canal runs between... |
|
Definition
apex of the femoral triangle and the adductor hiatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an opening in the tendon of the adductor magnus muscle located just above the knee |
|
|
Term
| What pass through the adductor canal? |
|
Definition
| femoral vessels pass through to reach the popliteal fossa |
|
|
Term
| Sartorius Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior superior iliac spine |
|
|
Term
| Sartorius Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial surface of the proximal tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexes and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the leg (crosses both the hip and knee joints) |
|
|
Term
What lies posterior to the femoral artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the femoral artery change names? |
|
Definition
| courses distally through the adductor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery |
|
|
Term
What nerves accompany the femoral vessels in the adductor canal? |
|
Definition
| nerve to vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the skin of the medial side of the leg, ankle, and foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fascia lata continuous with? |
|
Definition
| lateral intermuscular septum (attached to the linea aspera on the posterior aspect of the femur) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four parts of the quadriceps femoris? |
|
Definition
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis (all 4 unite to make the quadriceps femoris tendon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity (ultimate attachment of the quadriceps femoris muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Patellar Tendon (Quadriceps) Reflex |
|
Definition
| knee jerk, afferent impulses travel in the femoral nerve to spinal segments L2, L3, and L4, efferend are carried by femoral nerve to quads causing a brief contraction, tests function of the femoral nerve and spinal cord segments L2-L4 |
|
|
Term
| Rectus Femoris Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior inferior iliac spine |
|
|
Term
| Rectus Femoris Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexes the thigh and extends the leg (crosses both the hip and knee joints) |
|
|
Term
| Vastus Lateralis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral lip of the linea aspera and greater trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
Vastus Lateralis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vastus Lateralis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vastus Medialis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur and the intertrochanteric line |
|
|
Term
| Vastus Medialis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vastus Intermedius Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Vastus Intermedius Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vastus Intermedius Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the sartorius muscle, pectineus muscle, and the quads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor branches of the femoral nerve are located... |
|
Definition
| between the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus muscles |
|
|
Term
| All the muslces in the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
| adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilus, and obturator externus (all adduct the thigh) |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Attachment of the Gracilus Muscle |
|
Definition
| medial condyle of the tibia (crosses both hip and knee joints) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adducts the thigh and assists in flexion of the leg |
|
|
Term
Where do the pectineus, adductor longus, and gracilus muscles proximally attach? |
|
Definition
| along a curved line on the pubic bone |
|
|
Term
| What muscles fan out to their distal attachments on the pectineal line and the linea aspera of the femur? |
|
Definition
| pectineus and adductor longus |
|
|
Term
| What artery passes between the pectineus and adductor longus muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arteries penetrate the adductor brevis muscle, encircle the femur, and supply the muscles of the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adductor Brevis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| body and inferior ramus of the pubis |
|
|
Term
| Adductor Brevis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve crosses the adductor brevis surface? |
|
Definition
| anterior branches of the obturator nerve on the anterior surface and posterio branches on the posterior surface |
|
|
Term
Superior border of the adductor brevis is deep to the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior branches of the obturator nerve pass between... |
|
Definition
| the adductor brevis and adductor magnus |
|
|
Term
| Adductor Magnus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| ischiopubic ramus and the ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| Adductor Magnus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adducts and extends the thigh |
|
|
Term
| Adductor magnus tendon goes to the... |
|
Definition
| adductor tubercle on the medial epicondyle of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus tendon... |
|
Definition
| allows passage of the femoral artery and vein from the anterior compartment of the thigh to the posterior compartment of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What muscle lies deep to the pectineus muscle and iliopsoas tendon? |
|
Definition
| obturator externus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Obturator Externus Movement |
|
Definition
| lateral rotator of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
| obturator nerve (pectineus muscle may also receive a motor contribution from obturator in addition to femoral nerve) |
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Maximus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| ilium, sacrum, coccyx, ans sacrotuberous ligament |
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Maximus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| iliotibial tract, and through it, the lateral condyle of the tibia, small part attaches to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
powerful extensor of the thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening of the fascia lata that spans from the iliac crest to the superior border of the gluteus maximus muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the only nerve to supply the gluteus maximus muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Medius Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| deep surface of the gluteal aponeurosis and the lateral surface of the ilium between the posterior gluteal line and the anterior gluteal line |
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Medius Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| greater trochanter of the femur and it is an abductor of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What is located infereior to the gluteus medius muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Piriformis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the sacrum |
|
|
Term
| Piriformis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| greater trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral rotator of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What does the piriformis pass through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes between the piriformis muscle and the gluteus medius muscle? |
|
Definition
| superior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve |
|
|
Term
| What appears at the inferior border of the piriformis muscle? |
|
Definition
| sciatic nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, inferior gluteal vessels, inferior gluteal nerve, pudendal nerve, and internal pudendal vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest nerve of the body and what are its divisions? |
|
Definition
| sciatic nerve--tibial and common fibular divisions |
|
|
Term
| What lies on the median side of the sciatic nerve? |
|
Definition
| posterior cutanesous nerve of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| Where do the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels course? |
|
Definition
| they enter the gluteal region by passing though the greater sciatic foramen and enter the perineum by passing though the lesser sciatic foramen |
|
|
Term
| What do the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels supply? |
|
Definition
| anal and urogenital triangles |
|
|
Term
| What is inferior to the piriformis muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Obturator Internus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| margin of the obturator foramen and the inner surface of the obturator membrane |
|
|
Term
| Obturator Internus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| trochanteric fossa on the medial side of the greater trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Obturator Internus Movement |
|
Definition
| lateral rotator of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| How does the obturator internus muscle exit the lesser pelvis? |
|
Definition
| by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen |
|
|
Term
| Superior Gemellus Muscle Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| ischial spine superior to the obturator internus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Gemellus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| ischial tuberosity inferior to the obturator internus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Gemullus Muscles Attach... |
|
Definition
| with the obturator internus muslce on the greater trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Gemullus Muscles Movement |
|
Definition
| lateral rotators of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What is inferior to the inferior gemellus muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quadratus Femoris Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quadratus Femoris Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| intertrochanteric crest of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Quadratus Femoris Movement |
|
Definition
| lateral rotator of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| Where are the branches of the superior gluteal vessels? |
|
Definition
| superior to the piriformis |
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Minimus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral surface of the ilium between the anterior gluteal line and the inferior gluteal line |
|
|
Term
| Gluteus Minimus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| greater trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the tensor of the fascia lata? |
|
Definition
| within the fascia lata inferior to the ASIS |
|
|
Term
| Tensor Fasica Lata Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tensor Fascia Lata Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tensor Fascia Lata Movement |
|
Definition
| abductor and medial rotator of the thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IM injections in the gluteal region are common, made in the superior lateral quadrant of the gluteal region, in the 2 inferior quadrants of the gluteal region would endanger sciatic nerve or the nerves and vessels that pass inferior to the piriformis muscle, superior medial may injure the superior gluteal nerve and vessels, superior lateral is safe b/c superior gluteal nerve and vessels are well ramified |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
| biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus (extend and flex the leg) -- known as the "hamstring" muscles |
|
|
Term
| Where does the sciatic nerve pass? |
|
Definition
| deep to the long head of the biceps femoris muscle |
|
|
Term
| Long Head of the Biceps Femoris Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long Head of the Biceps Femoris Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Short Head of the Biceps Femoris Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur |
|
|
Term
The tendon of the short head of the biceps femoris joins the tendon of the long head to... |
|
Definition
| extend the thigh and flex the leg |
|
|
Term
| What muscle is on the medial side of thigh in the posterior group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semitendinosus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Semitendinosus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial surface of the superior part of the tibia |
|
|
Term
| Semimembranosus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semimembranosus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia |
|
|
Term
| Where does the hamstring part of the adductor magnus muscle arise? |
|
Definition
| from the ischial tuberosity deep to the proximal attachment of the posterior thigh muscles |
|
|
Term
What forms the deep boundary of the posterior compartment of the thigh? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the sciatic nerve typically divide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sciatic nerve innervates... |
|
Definition
| the posterior muscles of the thigh and the muscles of the leg which act on the foot, when injured causes significant peripheral neurological deficits -- paralysis of the flexors of the knee and all muscles below the knee, and widespread numbness of the skin of the postrior aspect of the lower limb |
|
|
Term
| Superolateral border of the popliteal fossa... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superomedial border of the popliteal fossa... |
|
Definition
| semitendinosus and semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
| Inferolateral and inferomedial borders of the popliteal fossa... |
|
Definition
| 2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscle |
|
|
Term
| Posterior border of the popliteal fossa... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior border of the popliteal fossa... |
|
Definition
| popliteal surface of the femur and the popliteus muscle |
|
|
Term
Common Fibular Nerve courses... |
|
Definition
| parallel to the biceps femoris tendon and passes superficial to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius (most injured nerve --> floppy foot) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the popliteal fossa and passes deep to the gastrocnemius muscle at the inferior border of the popliteal fossa |
|
|
Term
| Where are the popliteal artery and vein? |
|
Definition
| deep to the tibial division of the sciatic nerve enclosed by a common connective tissue sheath |
|
|
Term
| What arteries are located deep in the popliteal fossa, proximal to the attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle? |
|
Definition
| superior lateral genicular and superior medial genicular arteries |
|
|
Term
| Where do the inferior genicular arteries pass? |
|
Definition
| between the proximal attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle and the tibia |
|
|
Term
What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles converge on the proximal end of the tibia and what is their arrangement named? |
|
Definition
| sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus tendons -- pes anserinus (goose's foot) |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone is larger and weight-bearing in the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the fibula surrounded by muscles at its proximal and distal ends? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joins the tibia and fibula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches the crural fascia to the fibula? |
|
Definition
| intermuscular septa: anterior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis (peroneus) tertius |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| deep fibular (peroneal) nerve |
|
|
Term
| What action do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg have? |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion of the foot, inversion of the foot, and extension of the toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse thickenings of the deep fascia of the leg that hold tendons in place |
|
|
Term
| Superior Extensor Retinaculum |
|
Definition
| on the anterior surface of the ankle, extends across tendons superior to the ankle joint |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Extensor Retinaculum |
|
Definition
| on the anterior surface of the ankle, at the level of the ankle joint, shaped like a Y with the stem attaching to the calcaneus |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal attachments of the anterior muscles of the leg? |
|
Definition
| on the proximal tibial, fibula, and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Anterior Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| first cuneiform bone and the base of the first metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Anterior Movement |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexes and inverts the foot |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the dital phalanx of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Movement |
|
Definition
| extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot |
|
|
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus attaches to... |
|
Definition
| the middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four toes |
|
|
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus Movement |
|
Definition
| extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot, each tendon forms and extensor expansion |
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Tertius Disal Attachment |
|
Definition
| tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Tertius Movement |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexes the foot and assists in eversion of the foot (may be absent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passes over the superior border of the interosseous membrane, gives rise to unnmaed muscular branches, joined by the deep fibular nerve just below the knee |
|
|
Term
| What is the motor nerve of the anterior compartment of the leg and the dorsum of the foot? |
|
Definition
| deep fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the anterior tibial artery change names and what does it change to? |
|
Definition
| as it crosses the ankle joint, dorsalis pedis artery |
|
|
Term
| What are deep to the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus muscle? |
|
Definition
| extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis (they share a common muscle belly attached to the calcaneus -- 4 tendons arise and attach to toes 1-4, the portion that attaches to the big toe is extensor hallucis brevis), extend the toes and are innervated by the deep fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passes deep to the tendon of the extensor hallucis brevis, palpated between the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of the dorsalis pedis artery that crosses the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones, origin of the dorsal metatarsal arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from the dorsalis pedis artery, deep to the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis, joins lateral end of the arcuate artery to complete an arterial arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from dorsalis pedis artery near origin of the arcuate artery, passes between 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones to enter the sole of the foot, anastomoses with the deep plantar arch in the sole of the foot |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscles? |
|
Definition
| deep fibular nerve, gives rise to 2 dorsal digital branches of the deep fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the only skin on the dorsum of the foot that is innervated by the deep fibular nerve? |
|
Definition
| skin between the great toe and the 2nd toe (superficial fibular nerve innervates all other skin on the dorsum of the foot) |
|
|
Term
| All muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg and the dorsum of the foot are innervated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the lateral compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| fibularis (peroneus) brevis and fibularis (peroneus) longus |
|
|
Term
| What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve |
|
|
Term
Superior Fibular (peroneal) Retinaculum |
|
Definition
on the lateral side of the ankle posterior to the lateral malleolus |
|
|
Term
| Where does the superifical fibular (peroneal) nerve penetrate the deep fascia? |
|
Definition
| at the mid-level of the leg (primary nerve to dorsum of foot and gives rise to several dorsal digital branches) |
|
|
Term
What is attached to the inner surface of the deep fascia of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Brevis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| hooks around the cuboid bone and enters the sole of the foot to attach to the inferior surface of the first metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most injured b/c of its superficial position and relationship to the head and neck of the fibula, injury causes impairment of eversion, dorsiflexion, and extension of the toes, sensory loss on the dorsum of the foot and toes, "foot drop", results in steppage gait |
|
|
Term
| What innervates all muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| superficial fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| What divides the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg into superficial and deep groups? |
|
Definition
| transverse intermuscular septum |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles of the superficial posterior group of the leg? |
|
Definition
| gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris -- plantar flex the foot |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles of the deep posterior group of the leg? |
|
Definition
| popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus -- invert the foot, plantar flex the foot, and flex the toes |
|
|
Term
| What innervates both the superficial and deep posterior muscle groups of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastrocnemius Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
2 heads attach to the femoral condyles |
|
|
Term
Gastrocnemius Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| calcaneal tuberosity by way of the calcaneal tendon (tendo calcaneus, Achille's tendon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is deep to the gastrocnemius muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soleus Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
| soleal line of the tibia and the head of the fibula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plantaris Muscle belly lies in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plantaris Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral supracondylar line of the femur |
|
|
Term
Plantaris Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
courses between the gastrocnemius and soleus to attach on the calcaneal tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plantar flexor of the foot and weak flexor of the knee, may be absent |
|
|
Term
| Where do the tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels exit? |
|
Definition
| popliteal fossa by passing deep to the tendinous arch of the soleus muscle, the course distally in the transverse intermuscular septum |
|
|
Term
| Where does the popliteal artery bifurcate? |
|
Definition
| at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to form the posterior tibial artery and the anterior tibial artery |
|
|
Term
| Popliteus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral condyle of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Popliteus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the proximal tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unlocks the knee and is a weak flexor of the leg |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Posterior Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Posterior Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| inferior surfaces of several tarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Posterior Movement |
|
Definition
| inverter and plantar flexor of the foot |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| bases of the dital phalanges of the lateral four toes |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes toes 2-5 and plantar flexes the foot |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| inferior 2/3 of teh fibula and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the distal phalanx of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes the great toe and plantar flexes the foot |
|
|
Term
| What lies posterior to the medial malleolus? |
|
Definition
| posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve, lie between the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles deep to the flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus) |
|
|
Term
| Fibular (peroneal) Artery arises from... |
|
Definition
| the posterior tibial artery about 2 or 3cm distal to the inferior border of the popliteus muscle, couses between the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor hallucis longus muscle, supplies blood to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and lateral side of the posterior compartment of the leg |
|
|
Term
| What perforates the interosseous membrane and anastomoses with a branch of the anterior tibial artery? |
|
Definition
| perforating branch of the fibular artery |
|
|
Term
| What innervates all muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the weight bearing points of the foot? |
|
Definition
| calcaneus and teh head of teh 5 metatarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| What supports the longitudinal arch of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the point of reference for abduction and adduction of the toes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| calcaneal tuberosity and the plantar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| middle phalanges of the lateral 4 toes |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis Movement |
|
Definition
| flexes the lateral 4 toes |
|
|
Term
What is located on the medial side of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abductor Hallucis Proximal Attachments |
|
Definition
| medial side of the calcaneal tuberosity and the plantar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Hallucis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe and it abducts the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral side of the calcaneal tuberosity and the plantar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| Abductor Digiti Minimi Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| lateral side of the base of the proximal phalnax of the 5th (small) toe |
|
|
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves go to the distal 1/3 of the sole of the foot? |
|
Definition
| common and proper plantar digital nerves (branches of the medial and lateral plantar nerves) |
|
|
Term
| What lies deep to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius) muscle |
|
|
Term
| Quadratus Plantae Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Quadratus Plantae Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle |
|
|
Term
Quadratus Plantae Movement |
|
Definition
| assists the flexor digitorum longus muscle in flexing the lateral four toes |
|
|
Term
| What tendons pass through the tendons of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| flexor digitorum longus 4 tendons |
|
|
Term
| What gives rise to the 4 lumbrical muscles? |
|
Definition
| tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Lumbrical Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| extensor expansions of the lateral 4 toes |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| first metatarsal bone, cuboid bone, and 3rd cuneiform bone |
|
|
Term
| 2 Heads of Flexor Hallucis Brevis |
|
Definition
| (medial and lateral) 2 tendons each with a sesamoid bone |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle run? |
|
Definition
| between the 2 sesamoid bones of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where does the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus attach? |
|
Definition
| base of the distal phalanx of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Both heads of the adductor hallucis muscle attach... |
|
Definition
| to the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| Adductor Hallucis Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Proximal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the 5th metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 4 dorsal interosseous muscle are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3 plantar interosseous muscles are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Longus tendon distal attachment |
|
Definition
| base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the 1st cuneiform bone |
|
|
Term
| Fibularis Longus tendon occupies... |
|
Definition
| deepest plane of the sole of the foot |
|
|
Term
| Tibialis Posterior Tendon Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| navicular bone, all 3 cuneiform bones, and the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| What disappears into an osseofibrous tunnel at the medial side of the ankle? |
|
Definition
| flexor hallucis longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| The flexor hallucis longus muscle crosses the inferior surface of the... |
|
Definition
| sustentaculum tali (acts as a pulley to change direction of force of the flexor hallucis longus muscle) |
|
|
Term
| What typically innervates the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and teh medial lumbrical muscles? |
|
Definition
| medial plantar nerve (provides cutaneous innervation to the plantar surfaces of the medial 3 1/2 toes) |
|
|
Term
| What 3 bones form the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
| ilium, ischium, and pubis |
|
|
Term
| The distal end of the iliofemoral ligament is attached to the... |
|
Definition
| intertrochanteric line of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Proximal end of the iliofemoral ligament is attached to the... |
|
Definition
anterior inferior iliac spine and the margin of the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| When is the iliofemoral ligament lax? |
|
Definition
| in flexion of the femur -- it prevents overextension of the hip joint |
|
|
Term
| What passes inferior to the neck of the femur? |
|
Definition
| obturator externus muscle |
|
|
Term
| What runs from the acetabular margin to the neck of the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What runs in the center of the ligament of the head of the femur? |
|
Definition
| artery of the ligament of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| What lies in the acetabular notch? |
|
Definition
| ligament of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| What bridges the acetabular notch? |
|
Definition
| transverse acetabular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What surrounds the rim of the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture disrupts blood supply to the head of the femur, the head can become necrotic a common complication in femoral neck fractures of the elderly |
|
|
Term
| Tibial Collateral Ligament |
|
Definition
| MCL, attached to the medial meniscus through the joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| Fibular Collateral Ligament |
|
Definition
| LCL, not attached to the external surface of the joint capsule (popliteus tendon passes between the fibular collateral ligament and the joint capsule) |
|
|
Term
| Cruciate Ligaments are located... |
|
Definition
| outside the synovial cavity but are inside the joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| What helps keep the patella centered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
|
Definition
| attaches to the tibia anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament |
|
Definition
| attaches to the tibia posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tibia and femur are in max contact, joint is "locked", ACL is taut and prohibits further extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less contact between femur and tibia, some rotation occurs at the knee joint, PCL prevents tibia from being pushed posteriorly, ACL prevents tibia from being pulled anteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial meniscus is injured 6 to 7 times more often than the lateral meniscus b/c medial is firmly attached to MCL, forced abduction and lateral rotation of the leg may cause MCL, medial meniscus, and ACL injury -- "unhappy triad" -- caused by a blow to the lateral side of the knee |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the medial (deltoid) ligament of the ankle? |
|
Definition
| posterior tibiotalar ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, tibionavicular ligament, and anterior tibiotalar ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle? |
|
Definition
| posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and anterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the only actions of the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very common, inversion causes injury to the lateral ligament resulting in ankle sprain, in severe cases - calcaneofibular and talofibular ligaments are torn and the inferior tip of the lateral malleolus may be avulsed |
|
|
Term
| With inversion and eversion of the foot... |
|
Definition
| the talus remains fixed, entire foot rotates about the inferior and anterior surfaces of the talus (subtalar joint) |
|
|
Term
| In what joint do inversion and eversion occur? |
|
Definition
| transverse tarsal joint (calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints) and the subtalar joint |
|
|
Term
| What supports the head of the talus and the longitudinal arch? |
|
Definition
| the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament and the tibialis posterior tendon |
|
|
