Term
| what 3 things are included in the AJCC staging system for breast cancer? |
|
Definition
Tumor size
Nodal status
Distant mets |
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Term
| what is the sentinel node? |
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Definition
| first node receiving efferent lymph drainage from the primary tumor |
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Term
| what are some of the signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? |
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Definition
typically seen in prenatal ultrasound.
see stomach, bowel, liver, etc. above the diaphragm.
looking for lung hypoplasia, shifting mediastinal contents to the right. |
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Term
| how does CDH develop embryologically? |
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Definition
| failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to grow across the foramen of Bochdalek |
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Term
| what are some of the consequental manifestations of CDH? |
|
Definition
lung hypoplasia -->
pulmonary arterial muscularization due to increased blood flow/pressure
fewer blood vessels develop --> pulmonary hypertension |
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Term
| what is permissive hypercapnea? |
|
Definition
| "gentilation" = gentle ventilation |
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Term
| what is the bassini repair for hernias? |
|
Definition
| attaching conjoined tendon and inguinal ligament to pull muscles in and close the hole; no mesh used |
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|
Term
| what is the lichtenstein repair for hernia? |
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Definition
| mesh is placed over the 'broken' muscle |
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Term
| what is the most common location for an aortic aneurysm? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what % of aneurysms will rupture, patients die before reaching the hospital, survive >30 days post-surgery? |
|
Definition
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Term
| what do marfan syndrome, ehlers-danlos, and loeys-dietz syndrome have in common? |
|
Definition
They are rare genetic disorders associated with aneurysms.
First two also have collagen-joint problems. |
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Term
| how do you diagnose a ruptured AAA? |
|
Definition
clinically - pain and hypotension
can do a CT (no contrast) |
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|
Term
| what are the two AAA repairs? |
|
Definition
open - replace portion of aorta
endovascular - replace lining of aorta |
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|
Term
what is bilious emesis?
what is suspected in this case?
what do you do? |
|
Definition
vomiting of bile-stained (green) fluid.
suspect intestinal blockage, specifically malrotation of the volvulus.
need surgical consult/exploration, upper gi imaging, and/or small bowel follow through |
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Term
| where should the ligament of Trietz be? |
|
Definition
| behind stomach, left of vertebral column |
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Term
| what are the risk factors for gallstones? (5) |
|
Definition
| fat, female, 40+, fertile, and fair |
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Term
|
Definition
| see if respiration is arrested due to deep palpation |
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Term
| why can't you just remove a damaged pancreas head? |
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Definition
| because it has the same blood supply as the duodenum (and common bile duct as well) |
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|
Term
| what is removing the pancreas head and duodenum called? |
|
Definition
whipple - take out part of stomach too.
3 anastomoses - stomach to duodenum
common bile duct to duodenum
pancreas tail to duodenum |
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