Shared Flashcard Set

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Gov't
Ch. 18
37
History
10th Grade
05/31/2011

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Cards

Term
Civil rights
Definition
governmental actions that attempt to ensure that liberty is extended to everyone

1. Freedom from discrimination
2. Right to vote
3. Right of association
Term
Civil liberties
Definition
protects individuals freedoms from government

1. Free speech
2. Free worship
3. Fair trial
Term
First Amendment
Definition
intended to protect the religious diversities of the states from power of the gov't
not intended to make the Gov't an enemy or rival of religion
Term
Engel v Vitale (1962)
Definition
forbade teacher-led prayers in schools
Term
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Definition
state statutes effecting religion must pass a 3 part test (Lemon test)
Term
Reynolds v. United States (1879)
Definition
upheld the laws that polygomy is wrong

not a protected freedom of religious practice
Term
sedition
Definition
speech intended to overthrow the gov't
Term
Schenk v. United States
Definition
"clear and present danger test"

speech must incite violence NOT just endorse it
Term
subversion
Definition
attempts to undermined gov't authority
Term
slander
Definition
spoken words
Term
libel
Definition
written words
Term
New York Times v. Sullivan
Definition
attacks on Public Officials are constitutional unless made w/ reckless regard to truth
Term
New York Times v. United States
Definition
R. Nixons defense dept. wanted to ban publication of papers saying it would be a threat to National Security
Term
censorship of movies
Definition
abandon in 1967
rating system
Term
tobacco advertising
Definition
heavily monitored
watched by gov't regulations
Term
Symbolic speech
Definition
expression of ideas through actions instead of words
Term
Texas v. Johnson
Definition
flag burning is symbolic speech
protected- national uproar- illegal
Term
2nd Am.
Definition
right to bear arms
Term
probable cause
Definition
a legal search where a crime is committed or about to be
Term
probable cause (2)
Definition
search warrant needed if owner gives consent
building is abandoned
evidence is about to be destroyed
Term
Mapp v. Ohio
Definition
exclusionary rule
evidence taken illegally is not allowed in court
Term
exclusionary rule
Definition
evidence taken illegally is not allowed in court
Term
purpose of exclusionary rule
Definition
to keep police from making illegal searches (but criminals can escape punishment)
Term
double jeopardy
Definition
tried 2x for same crime in same court
Term
5th am.
Definition
protects from self-incrimination
(rights of the accused)
Term
Miranda v. Arizona
Definition
must be read your rights
Term
Due Process
Definition
fair and proper trial
Term
6th Am.
Definition
ensures right of a jury trial (unless u wave it)
Term
Furman v. Georgia
Definition
threw out all state mandates for death penalty- too vague and inconsistent

increased # of American executions

states got around by having manditory death penalty
Term
Ex post facto law
Definition
laws that operate and apply punishment retroactively (for things that happened before)
Term
voting registration
Definition
pre election registration is not the case in all states
Term
brown v. board of education of topeka
Definition
against segregation in schools
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
a) business' could no longer discriminate against race

b) created the EEOC (equal employment opportunity commission)

c) in conjunction w/ brown decision
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964 a)
Definition
business' could no longer discriminate against race
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964 b)
Definition
created the EEOC (equal employment opportunity comission)
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964 c)
Definition
in conjunction w/ brown decision
Term
Gitlow v NY
Definition
courts first applied 14th am. to a state law resticting free speech
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