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Government
Ch. 6 The Constitution
109
History
10th Grade
11/16/2010

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Cards

Term
Judicial Branch
Definition
function: interpret law
Term
Necessary and proper clause
Definition
added by Constitutional framers so future Congresses would have authority to meet future needs
Term
Bill of rights
Definition
first 10 ammendments
Term
Limited Gov't
Definition
principle that prohibits government from having absolute power
Term
Grid lock
Definition
situation created when one branch of gov't brings political process to a halt
Term
Preamble
Definition
introduces Constitution by explaining its nature and purpose
Term
franking privilege
Definition
right to send official mail free of charge
Term
appropriation
Definition
grants of money allocated by Congress to finance gov't programs
Term
Electoral College
Definition
group, composed of electors from each state, that elects president
Term
Original Jurisdiction
Definition
court's power to hear a case b4 its considered by any other court
Term
Supremacy Clause
Definition
Constitutional provision that upholds the US Constitution as highest law of the nation
Term
libel
Definition
defaming person in writing
Term
5 instruments used to keep racial minorities from voting or to lessen their vote
Definition
poll taxes
grandfather clause
white primaries
literary tests
gerrymandering
Term
Poll Taxes
Definition
enacted by several states following Civil War as means of keeping poor blacks from voting
Term
Broad constructionists
Definition
those who take a broader, more creative approach to constitutional interpretation.
Term
formal introduction of amendment
Definition
proposal
Term
formal approval of amendment
Definition
Ratification
Term
2 principles that limit gov't
Definition
checks and balances
separation of powers
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
power of judicial branch to review constitutionality of lwas passed by legislative branch
Term
Makes laws
Definition
legislative branch
Term
quorum
Definition
minimum number needed to transact business
Term
The Congressional Record
Definition
journal or record of what each house of Congress does daily
Term
Naturalization
Definition
process by which foreign-born person gains citizenship
Term
Habeas Corpus
Definition
court order forcing authority to quickly charge and try an arrested person or release him
Term
carry out laws
Definition
executive branch
Term
pardon
Definition
complete forgiveness of a crime and its consequent punishment
Term
Appeleate Jurisdiction
Definition
court's power to decide appeals
Term
extradition
Definition
legal process of returning fugitive to state has been charged w/ crime
Term
slander
Definition
defaming person verbally
Term
bail
Definition
money deposited to guarantee court appearance, allowing accused freedom while awaiting trial
Term
Strict constructionists
Definition
believe text of Constitution is important and interpretation should be kept to min.
Term
Amendment Process
Definition
more formal means of adapting Constitution to change
Term
Checks and balances
Definition
principle of separating powers among different branches of gov't to prevent any group or individual from gaining too much control
Term
Impeachment
Definition
process of bringing up pres. or other gov't officials on criminal charges
Term
Federalism
Definition
division of power between national and state levels of government
Term
Popular Soveignty
Definition
principle that makes people the ultimate source of gov't's authority
Term
bicameral
Definition
2 house legislative system
Term
President Pro Tempore
Definition
leader elected by the Senate who serves as leader of the Senate when the vp is absent
Term
Sergeant-at-arms
Definition
official in both houses who is responsible to bring in members who are absent and needed for a quorum
Term
Pocket veto
Definition
automatic veto of a bill the pres leaves unsigned for ten days during a congressional adjournment
Term
bill of attainder
Definition
bill permitting punishment w/out trial
Term
reprieves
Definition
temp postponement of punishment
Term
ex post facto law
Definition
laws passed and applied to actions that were not criminal when they were committed
Term
subpoea
Definition
document requiring a person to appear in court as a witness
Term
lame duck
Definition
official who is still in office but has not been reelected
Term
grand jury
Definition
panel of citizens who consider the prosecution's case against the accused to determine whether there is enough evidence to go to trial
Term
marbury v. madison
Definition
case in which chief justice john marshall established principle of judicial review
Term
national guard
Definition
modern militia under control of army and air force
Term
due process
Definition
certain legal procedures by which gov't must abide in order to protect rights of accused
Term
garrymandering
Definition
drawing district lines so that black districts' votes have less impact
Term
checks and balances
Definition
principle that keeps each branch of gov't in check through the power of another branch of gov't
Term
census
Definition
counting of population every 10 yrs. to determine state rep. branch
Term
grandfather clause
Definition
allowed previous voters and relatives 2 vote v/out facing literacy test or other requirements
Term
veto
Definition
president's power to refuse to sign bill into law
Term
Strict Constructionists
Definition
believe text of Constitution is important and interpretation should be kept to min.
Term
Broad Constructionists
Definition
take broader and more creative approach to Constitutional interpretation
Term
Necessary and proper clause
Definition
congress has authority to meet future needs
Term
Bill of rights
Definition
first 10 ammendments of constitution, protects citizens democratic rights by placing restrictions on state and national gov't
Term
checks and balances
Definition
principle of keeping each branch of gov't in check through power of another branch of gov't w/ goal of hindering concentration of power and thus protecting personal liberty
Term
impeachment
Definition
house's power to file criminal charges against president/other gov't officials; senate acts as trial court for impeachment cases
Term
gridlock
Definition
occurs when one branch of gov't purposely brings political process to halt
Term
Judicial review
Definition
power of judicial branch 2examine gov't action and nullify it if its not in agreement w/ court's constitutional interpretation
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
chief justice marshall established principle of judicial review
Term
Federalism
Definition
system in which governmental power is divided into 2 or more levels, usually central gov't and component local gov't
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
philosophy of gov't that asserts that the people r ultimate source of gov't authority
Term
Preamble
Definition
introduction to constitution
states nature and purpose of constitution
Term
Pocket Veto
Definition
automatic veto of bill if pres. leaves unsigned for 10 days and congress adjourns
Term
Naturalization
Definition
process by which foreign-born person gains citizenship
Term
Reprieves
Definition
pres. power to grant temp postponement of punishment
Term
Pardons
Definition
pres. power to give complete forgiveness of crime and punishment
Term
Slander
Definition
defaming person verbally
Term
Libel
Definition
defaming person in writing
Term
Gerrymandering
Definition
redrawing of district boundaries to favor particular party/group of people
Term
Franchise
Definition
right to vote (suffrage)
Term
Lame Duck
Definition
elected official still in office but not reelected
Term
Executive Branch
Definition
carry out nations laws
Term
Judicial Branch
Definition
interprets laws
Term
Legislative Branch
Definition
makes laws
Term
Bicameral
Definition
2 houses
Term
Pres. to Congress
Definition
Suggests legislation
vetoes bills
calls special sessions
Term
Congress to Judiciary
Definition
Impeaches judges
establishes lower federal courts
regulates types of appeals
determines number of supreme court judges
Term
Judiciary to Pres.
Definition
interprets treaties
rules on constitutionality of executive actions
Term
Pres. to Judiciary
Definition
appoints judges
grants pardons
Term
Judiciary to Congress
Definition
Determines Constitutionality of laws
interprets laws and treaties
Term
Congress to Pres.
Definition
Overrides vetoes
impeaches and removes officials including pres.
approves or rejects treaties and pres. appointees
Term
Veto
Definition
power given to pres to reject bill
Term
Impeachment
Definition
ability to charge pres. and federal judges w misconduct in office
Term
gridlock
Definition
one branch PURPOSELY bringing one process to a halt
Term
Judge Marshall
Definition
established principle of judicial review
Term
Six Basic Principles of Constitution
Definition
limited Gov't
Seperation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Federalism
Popular Sovereignty
Term
Head of Senate
Definition
vp
Term
Pocket veto
Definition
pres pockets bill
doesn't formally veto it
if congress adjours in 10 days it's vetoed automatically
Term
Elastic Clause
Definition
stretches rules for congress (necessary and proper clause)
Term
appropriation
Definition
money set aside for certain purpose
Term
reprieves
Definition
temp postponement of punishment
Term
pardons
Definition
complete forgiveness of crime and punishment
Term
Amnesty
Definition
general pardon to a group
Term
State of Union Address
Definition
Pres gives info to Congress
written or spoken
Term
impeachment
Definition
charges filed against them w intention of removal from office
(treason bribary high crime misdemeanors...)
Term
Suffrage/Franchise
Definition
right to vote
Term
Lame Duck
Definition
official still in office but has not been reelected
Term
# of ratified am.
Definition
27
Term
only Am ratified by state convention
Definition
21 (18 yr old vote)
Term
enforces laws
Definition
executive
Term
am limited pres. to 2 terms/10 yrs in office
Definition
22
Term
power of congress to charge pres of misconduct in office
Definition
impeachment
Term
concept of federalism most clearly found in Constitution
Definition
Am. 10
Term
1st vp to assume power of Pres. after death
Definition
John Tyler
Term
Supreme court case right to privacy expanded 3rd and 4th am.
Definition
griswall vs. conneticut
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