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| programs intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups gain jobs and opportunities |
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| official representative of a country's government |
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| pardon to a group of people |
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| complex systems with many departments, many rules, and many people in the chain of command |
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| group of advisors to the president |
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| practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open, competitive examinations and merit |
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| following established legal procedures |
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| agreement among nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation |
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| right of government to take private property for public use |
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| talking until a bills sponsor withdraws |
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| oddly shaped district designed to increase the voting strength of a particular group |
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| group of citizens that decides that there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime |
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| to accuse government officials of misconduct in office |
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| formal charge by a grand jury |
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| written untruths that are harmful to someones reputation |
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| representative of an interest group who contacts lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making |
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| authority to hear cases for the first time |
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| declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment |
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| government projects and grants that benefit the home district or state |
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| singling out an individual as a suspect due to appearance of ethnicity |
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| years of service, which is a consideration for assigning committee members |
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| formal agreement between the governments of 2 or more countries |
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| refusal to sign a bill or resolution |
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| court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person |
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