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government exam
hard as hell
50
History
12th Grade
12/14/2008

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Term
abridged
Definition
to have shortened a text, for example, by cutting or summarizing it
Term
black codes
Definition
Regulations passed by Southern State government during Reconstruction to prohibit African Americans from voting
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Definition
An Act of Congress that attempted to protect the rights of African Americans following the Civil War. The act was ineffective because the president refused to enforce it and the Supreme Court refused to hear cases about it.
Term
civil Rights Act of 1875
Definition
act of Congress that gave the federal government the power to enforce the protections of citizens’ right under the 14th Amendment. The act was not enforced by the president and was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
Term
• Civil War Amendments
Definition
o The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, passed following the Civil War, which freed the slaves, granted them citizenship, and guaranteed them the rights of citizens
Term
Grandfather clauses
Definition
o laws passed by Southern states to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring that a voter’s grandfather voted in the past
Term
Ku Klux Klan
Definition
o a terrorist secret society organized the South after the Civil War that used violence and murder to promote its white supremacist beliefs
Term
literacy test
Definition
o a suffrage qualification used to determine fitness for voting by means of a reading or “understanding” test. The use of literacy tests to discriminate against prospective voted caused Congress to suspend their use in the Voting Right Act.
Term
19th amendment
Definition
amendment to the US Constitution, adopted in 1920, that prohibits any state from denying the right to vote to any citizen because of gender
Term
poll taxes
Definition
Voters in many Southern states were required to pay taxes before voting. The Supreme Court declared the levying of a poll tax to be unconstitutional Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966)
Term
Privileges and immunities clause
Definition
Special rights and exemptions provided by law. The US Constitution contains two clauses that use the term “privileges and immunities”: Article IV, Section 2, and the 14th Amendment
Term
reconstruction
Definition
period after the Civil Rights
Term
slaughterhouse cases
Definition
group of Supreme Court cases in which the Court determined that the privileges and immunities clause of the 14th Amendment applies only to the privileges of the individual b virtue of national citizenship
Term
vigilante
Definition
somebody who punishes lawbreakers personally and illegally rather than relying on the legal authorities
Term
brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Definition
o the supreme court case which declared that separate but equal educational facilities are inherently unequal and therefore a violation of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th amendment
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical violence.
Term
civil rights act of 1964
Definition
a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places, and employment
Term
commerce clause
Definition
states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with the Indian tribes.
Term
jim crow laws
Definition
Laws requiring the segregation of the races. In 1896, the supreme court upheld such laws under the separate but equal doctrine
Term
letter from birmingham jail
Definition
letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. during his time in jail
Term
Montgomery bus boycott
Definition
apolitical and social protest campaign started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system.
Term
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Definition
an interracial group founded in 1909 to advocate the rights of African Americans, primarily through legal and political action
Term
Nonviolent direct action
Definition
Peaceful tactics used as a means of gaining one’s civil or political ends
Term
Segregation
Definition
the separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group from the rest of society
Term
Separate but equal doctrine
Definition
the argument, once upheld by the Supreme Court, that separate public facilities were constitutional if the facilities were of equal quality
Term
sit ins
Definition
a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.
Term
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Definition
the origins of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference lie in the Montgomery Bus Boycott that began after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her bus seat to a white man.
Term
Students Nonviolent Coordination Committee
Definition
one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s
Term
Student placement laws
Definition
Legal tactics employed to impede racial integration of schools through the use of placement tests and other administrative procedures
Term
Token integration
Definition
A show of accommodation to the principle of racial integration by small, merely formally concessions
Term
white citizens councils
Definition
Groups of white people who created private schools, private swimming pools, and other facilities to avoid racial integration in the 1950s and 1960s
Term
judicial review
Definition
the power of the courts to declare laws and actions of the local, state, or national government invalid if the courts decide they are unconstitutional
Term
Precedents
Definition
Previous court decisions upon which legal issues are decided
Term
What is the current American political system we have today?
Definition
two party system
Term
What composes a Parliamentary system?
Definition
prime minister and a parliament
Term
What type of system cannot exist in a democracy?
Definition
one party system
Term
What is a government run by religious rule called?
Definition
theocracy
Term
How would you describe the Republican Party’s main beliefs?
Definition
They hold views that leaving the economy alone will allow for growth, giving people the ability to help themselves
Term
How would you describe the Democratic Party’s main beliefs?
Definition
the believed in a powerful national government and a strong president
Term
Under what type of system do Communist China, Cuba and North Korea operate?
Definition
one party system
Term
How many electoral votes does it take for a candidate to win the Presidential election in the United States?
Definition
270
Term
How many senators does Tennessee have in federal government; how many representatives?
Definition
2 senators; 9 representatives
Term
Identify and explain three ideas that John Locke thought should exist in government.
Definition
• Law of nature→ he felt that the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one.. No one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possession
• Legitimate government→ consent
• Self-interest→ protect against self-interest, tyranny
• Protect against rebellion
• Rights would be insecure without government
• Natural rights→ life, liberty, property
Term
What is the difference between limited and unlimited government? Provide examples of each and explain.
Definition
• Limited government has a constitution and laws. A democracy is a limited government.
• An unlimited government has no constitution and is ruled by a leader. A dictatorship is an example of unlimited government.
Term
Compare and contrast a constitutional government to a government with a Constitution. What is the main difference between the two?
Definition
• Compare
- the powers of the person or group controlling the government are limited by a set of laws and customs (constitutional government-constitution) & constitution is a set of customs, traditions, rules, and laws that set forth the basic way of a government is organized and operated
-good governments and bad governments may have constitutions
- in constitutional government the constitution is a form of higher or fundamental law that must be obeyed by everyone, even those in power
• contrast
- having a constitution does not mean that a nation has a constitutional government
- if constitution provides for unlimited exercise of political power
Term
What did Madison introduce to limit the power of government? Identify and explain the two main methods, provide specific examples of how they limit government.
Definition
• Madison introduced separation of powers and checks and balances.
• Separation of powers
- Executive
- President
- Can veto a bill
- Judicial
- Supreme court
- Can make and decide on laws
- Legislative
- Congress
- Can override a veto by majority 2/3 vote
Term
What was the Magna Carta, when was it written, and what was the main purpose?
Definition
• The Magna Carta contained such ideas as trial by a jury of one’s peers and the guarantee against loss of life, liberty, or property, except in accordance with law
• It was written to address grievances against the King (John); barons had renounced authority to king
• Written as a way to restrict powers of the corrupt monarchy
• Written in 1215
Term
What were the two main reasons that immigrants came to America?
Definition
freedom; economic growth
Term
Identify and explain three main ideas included in Declaration of Independence.
Definition
• No trail without jury
- Had to be innocent until proven guilty
• Right to own land
• Right to vote
• Right to a speedy trial
• Freedom of speech
• Right to form a new constitution
• Freedom of religion
Term
What powers were given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution? How does Article I limit the powers of state and national government?
Definition
In Article one of the constitution, congress is given powers of to lay and collect taxes, to pay depts. And provide from common defense, to regulate commerce, with foreign nations and states, to declare war, to raise, army and navy and to coin money. Article 1 limits the powers of both state and national governments by national governments could no longer be dependent on states for income or law enforcement and state governments kept important powers over daily people’s lives.
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