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| opinions held by private persons which gov'ts find prudent to heed |
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| nation's management of its internal affairs |
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| attitudes or policies that favor maintaining the status quo |
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| attitudes or policies that favor gov't intervention in national problems |
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| first national newspaper in the US |
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| published false statements that injure someone's reputation |
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| country's management of its international relations |
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| sum of gov't actions in response to public opinion |
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| one who doesn't want to be labeled liberal or conservative |
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| 5 factors that influence one's opinion |
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family
peers
events
institutions
church |
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interest group;
group focused on a certain issue/group of issues and try to persuade public and officials |
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interest group;
group focused on a certain issue/group of issues and try to persuade public and officials |
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| amicus curiae and refers to... |
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"friend of the court"
testify files in attempt to influence the court |
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| most widely circulated newspaper today |
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| gov't can't censor/review news b4 its reported |
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| redrawing of congressional district lines to reflect population shifts |
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| all revenue bills originate |
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| direct election of senators |
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| most powerful position of leadership in the House |
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| most powerful position of leadership in the House |
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| most powerful position of leadership in the Senate |
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| serves as president of the senate |
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| redrawing of district lines to benefit one political party at the expense of another |
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| most powerful branch of Congress |
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| branch of Congress w/ equal membership for each state |
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| branch of Congress is membership based on population |
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| source of power for those who hold office in the House or the Senate |
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| Skills of leaders and majority party |
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| most powerful Speaker of the House in history |
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| first female member of Congress |
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| primary power of Congress |
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| money which has value only because the national gov't says it does |
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| granted 3 electoral votes to the District of Columbia |
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| tax on the sale of goods produced w/in US |
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| War powers act of 1973 a reaction |
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| gov't compensation programs that Congress has protected by law |
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| document that requires a person to testify before a congressional committee |
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| constitutional powers not w/held from the states, but are w/held from the national gov't |
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| formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty |
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| 3 ways of "backdoor spending" by Congress |
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entitlements
borrowing power
and guaranteed loans |
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| big spending projects to gain reelection (of congress member) |
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| 2 basic purposes of the presidential primary |
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| to open field up to more candidates, and make delegate selection more democratic |
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| voting for a weak candidate in opposing party to cause confusion in opponents nomination |
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| party leaders or office holders that serve as uncommitted delegates |
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| when does the presidential election take place |
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| first tuesday after first monday in november |
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| wraps up the first day of a party's national convention |
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| lengthy balloting and settled by bargaining and compromise |
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| # of electoral votes a candidate needs to win presidency |
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| chooses pres if no candidate gets majority in electoral college |
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| media use to predict outcome of elections |
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| 2 main paths to the presidency |
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| military career &/ lower level politics |
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| requirements to become pres. |
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natural born citizen
least 35yrs old
resident in US least 14 yrs. |
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| outlines the process for filling a vacancy in the vice presidency |
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| restricts the pres to 2 terms |
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| sought to remove Andrew Johnson from office |
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| result of the brownlow report |
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| written understanding w/ another head of state to carry out a particular action |
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| made up of WH offices and agencies that help develop and implement the president's programs and policies |
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| ultimate check on the pres. |
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| only 2 presidents to have been impeached |
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| bill clinton and andrew johnson |
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| method used today to fill most gov't jobs |
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| assassination led to the creation of the Civil Service Commission |
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| started the spoils system |
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| president's frontline staff, usually composed of his close friends and supporters |
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| National Security Council |
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| president's policymaking group over security and intelligence matters |
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| Interstate Commerce Commission |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority |
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| created to generate, sell, and distribute electric power |
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| allowed citizens access to formerly closed-door meetings by requiring federal agencies to hold well-announced public hearings |
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| established by President Reagan to investigate wasteful gov't spending |
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| civil servant dedicated to the details of administrative procedures |
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| an administrative system in which agencies staffed largely by nonelected officials perform specific tasks in accordance w/ standard procedure |
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| precursor to the Office of Personnel Management |
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| 2 factors led to development of the present-day bureaucracy |
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| world war 2 and the new deal |
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| sets pay and job conditions for federal workers |
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| channels information, represent constituent, aid in administration and communication planning, and serve as the official spokesperson for the president |
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| created the Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives |
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| Dept. of Homeland Security |
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| last cabinet-level position created |
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| original cabinet departments |
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Dept of state
Dept of Treasury
Dept of Defense
Dept of Justice |
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| most bureaucracy operates under this branch |
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| Dept of Management and Administration |
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| part of WH staff responsible for administration of staff salaries, allotment of staff positions, mess privileges, and parking places, among many other things |
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| basic goals of the US foreign policy |
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alliance security
international stability
and
economic development |
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| oldest and most highly praised cabinet department |
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| president who established the US as a police power in Latin America and sent the Great White Fleet around the world |
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| US plan to help rebuild Western Europe after WW2 |
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| first Christian missionary to take the gospel to Burma |
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| US gov't establishes overseas to promote commercial contacts |
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| largest branch of the military |
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| military branch which grew out of another branch and is now independent |
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| ultimately responsible for ratifying or rejecting treaties w/ foreign countries |
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| most famous ancient collection of laws |
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| first codification of Roman law |
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| system of law that developed in England |
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| Supreme Court justices hold their jobs for ___ |
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| established the system of federal courts |
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| chief justice brought strength and prestige to the Supreme Court |
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| # of judges sitting on the Supreme Court today |
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| SC case gave the right of judicial review |
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| SC case ruled that it is illegal for states to tax federal agencies |
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| SC case made abortion legal |
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| SC case decided the presidential election of 2000 |
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| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
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| SC case ruled segregation illegal in schools and unconstitutional |
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| SC case ruling requires that suspected criminals be informed of their legal rights |
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| based on prior authoritative ruling |
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| God's law revealed through the Bible |
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| Conformity to the Character of God in the Bible |
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| English common law apply to |
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| all of england (whole realm) |
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| system of having both state and federal courts |
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| right of a court to hear a case first |
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| type of jury indicts or charges accused criminals |
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| type of jury hears cases and decides their outcome |
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| Supreme court session begins ___ |
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| responsible for the compilation of the Corpus Juris Civilis |
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| making judicial decisions based on previous rulings |
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| SC case established the "clear and present danger test" limitation on free speech |
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| SC case forbade teacher-led prayers in public schools |
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| SC case established the 3fold test for scrutinizing church-state relations |
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| SC case forbade the practice of polygamy |
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| SC case ruled that flag burning is protected as symbolic speech |
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| SC case ruled that attacks on public officials were protected speech unless they were made w "reckless disregard" for the truth |
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| SC case ruled that evidence gathered illegally is inadmissible in court |
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| SC case determined that defendants must be advised of their constitutional rights upon arrest |
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| SC case ruled that the gov't doesn't necessarily have the right of prior restraint |
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| speech intended to overthrow the gov't |
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| attempt to undermine gov'ts authority |
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| case marked the 1st time freedom of speech rights were incorporated to the states |
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| purpose of exclusionary rule |
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| to prevent police from making illegal searches |
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| SC case threw out all death penalty laws on the basis that they were too vague and not consistently applied |
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| laws that affect and apply punishment retroactively |
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freedom from discrimination
right to vote
right of association |
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| Use of propaganda in Animal Farm |
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get a point across
to show it wasn't just a little story bout animals
its wats going on in the real world that many people are missing |
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| Presidents checks on Judiciary |
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appoints judges
grants pardons |
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| Judiciaries checks on Congress |
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determines constitutionality of laws
interprets laws and treaties |
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| Congress' checks on the President |
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overrides vetoes
impeaches and removes officials, including the president
approves or rejects treaties and presidential appointees |
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| President's checks on Congress |
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suggests legislation
vetoes bills
calls special sessions |
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| Congress' checks on Judiciary |
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impeaches judges
establishes lower federal courts
regulates types of appeals
determines the number of Supreme Court judges |
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| Judiciaries checks on President |
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rules on constitutionality of executive actions
interprets treaties |
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