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| Hernan (or Fernando) Cortes |
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Definition
| Defeated the Aztecs around 1519-21. His conquest leads spaniards to believe there is more a lot more gold in Americas |
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| Sailed along Texas coast and mapped it in 1519. Discovered Mississippi river & proves that Florida was a peninsula |
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| Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca |
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Definition
| 1st European to travel to TX. He is shipwrecked for 8 years near Galveston Island (best place ever) and walks back to New Spain, after being a captive of the indians and gives stories of great treasure. |
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| Franciscan friar sent to investigate Cabeza de Vacas rumors of treasure. He saw Cibola only from a distance and reported back to Mexico City that it was huge and there would be a lot of treasure. The sparks Coronados expedition |
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| Viceroy of New Spain from 1535-1550. He commissioned Coronado's expedition |
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| Was sent on an expedition to explore Florida. The expedition was a disaster and Cabeza de Vaca was one of only 4 men to make it back alive. |
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| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado |
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Definition
| Sent on an Expedition to find the treasure from the city of Cibola in Arizona, the get there and find only crappy pueblos. Kept searching all the way up to Kansas and down to Lubbock with the help of an indian guide but ending up finding nothing and coming back home, with their expedition a complete failure. |
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| Commissioned by Viceroy Mendoza to explore Florida area. He travels west where to Louisiana but ends up dying from a fever |
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| Took over the De Soto expedition after De Soto's death. Traveled thru Louisiana in into Texas where he met an indian woman who told them of meeting Coronado's expedition. He didn't believe her and took his men back to the Mississippi where they built rafts and sailed back to New Spain |
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| lead in the mining expansion into northern mexico and south TX. Got a land grant in Texas and created a settlement in Monclova. But he was put in prison for enslaving Indians. |
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| Was a private citizen put in charge of the occupation of New Mexico (Cost him 400,000 pesos of own money, was rewarded with temporary land grant and forced indian labor). Led an expedition into Kansas looking for 7 Hills of Aijados (WTF? why? there's isn't even 1 fucking hill in Kansas) |
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| The "Lady in Blue" who supposedly went into trances and talked to the Jumanos Indians to travel to Albuquerque seeking priests. |
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René-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
(Why do French people have such fucked up names) |
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Definition
| French explorer who travels down the Mississippi and claimed all lands that drained into it for France. He came back on an expedition to establish a fort at the mouth but go lost and ended up in Matagorda bay. Established Fort St. Louis The mission is a complete failure and he is killed by his men in an attempt to make it back to Canada |
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| Marques de San Leon de Aguayo |
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Definition
| Governor of Nuevo Leon who selects Alonso de Leon to lead the expedition in search of La Salle |
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| Led the land expeditions to find La Salle's fort. His first 2 expeditions were a failure but he was made Governor of Coahuila in 1687 and found La Salle's fort in Matagorda in 1689. Lead in the establishment of missions in East Texas. He want to build a supply chain of presidios from New Spain but was turned down because it was too expensive. |
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| Fransican monk who established the first missions in East Texas in an attempt to Christianize the Tejas (Hasinai) indians. |
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| Domingo Teran de los Rios |
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Definition
| Made first governor over the newly established province of Texas. He begins the first attempt to colonize Texas with a plan to establish 8 missions. None are built and the attempt is a complete failure. He hated the Texas area and thought the task of governing it below him. |
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| Franciscan Friar who served at San Francisco de los Tejas until it's failure. Helped establish mission at San Juan Bautista. In an attempt to expedite Spanish interest in building missions he contact the the governor of Louisiana, Antoine Cadillac, asking for French help in missionary work in East Texas. |
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| Louis Juchereau de Saint-Denis |
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Definition
| Was asked by Governor Cadillac to respond to Francisco Hidalgo's letter. He established a base in Natchitoches to use for trading with Caddo Indians. Used "saving souls" as an excuse for French presence. He travels with some indians to Mexico city to petition for help. He comes back in 1716 as a Spanish subject to establish 6 missions across TX and LA. He is Spanish prisoner on two occasions and eventually settles down and becomes commander at Natchitoches |
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Definition
| In 1716 was put in charge of the expedition to establish 6 missions across TX with the help of Saint Denis |
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| Made viceroy in 1716 and made support for Franciscan missions in Texas his primary concern. |
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| Was made governor of Texas in 1717 and lead an expedition to create San Antonio as a halfway point between the East Texas missions and New Spain. |
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| Marques de San Miquel de Aquayo |
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Definition
Offered to spend his own money to fight the French after the Chicken War. Was made Governor of Coahuila & Texas. His establishment of Los Adaes, La Bahia and San Antonio anchored Spanish Texas.
Encouraged Canary Islanders to settle in San Antonio, with the idea that settlers would be encouraged to protect there lands and therefor Spain wouldn't have to pay for soldiers. |
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| Pedro de Rivera y Villalon |
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Definition
| In 1724 was appointed by Viceroy Juan de Acuna to make an inspection of all presidios on the Northern frontier of New Spain. He called for the closing of Presidio de la Tejas and the withdrawal of half the troops in TX and pretty much abandoned East Texas. |
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| Was put in charge of Presidio San Francisco Xavier in 1751. Had affairs with a mans wife and when he objected had him arrested and had sex with her in front of him. Was suspected of murdering the man and a priest that had offered him protection but was cleared of the charges. After that he was put in charge of the Presidio at San Saba in 1760 where he change his behavior. He was removed in 1768 when San Saba was closed. |
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| Colonel in charge of establishing the mission and presidio at San Saba. The mission was destroyed by Indians. He went on the offensive against the indians but his force was destroyed |
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| Was appointed by the Viceroy in 1746 to establish Nuevo Santander(later Tamaulipas. One of his 23 that he established was Laredo. |
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Definition
| Colonel in charge of establishing the mission and presidio at San Saba. The mission was destroyed by Indians. He went on the offensive against the indians but his force was destroyed |
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| Was appointed by the Viceroy in 1746 to establish Nuevo Santander(later Tamaulipas. One of his 23 towns that he established was Laredo. |
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Sent by King Charles III to inspect presidios on northern frontier in 1767. He said most were a waste of money and recommended leaving 15 presidios in a line extending from the Gulf of California to lower Guadalupe, leaving only San Antonio and La Bahia in Texas.
He also suggested a war of extermination against the Apache and a changing the trading policy making it legal to trade with indians. |
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| Was forced to move from East Texas in 1773 after the "New Regulations for Presidios". He petition the Viceroy for permission to return and went back to establish Bucareli on the Trinity River. The site was abandoned after a few years because of Comanches and floods he and other moved back to East Texas and founded Nacogdoches. |
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| Governor of Louisiana who in 1779 drove English from West Florida, by taking baton rouge, Natchez, Mobile, and Pensacola. Started the tradition of cattle driving by herding cattle from San Antonio to LA to feed troops. |
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| First US filibuster. Made several trips into Texas in 1790s to catch mustangs. In 1800 he was told he would be arrested if he came back. He was sent back and then snuck back in in 1801 and was killed with most of his men near Nacogdoches. |
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| The Queen of Spain's lover who becomes prime minister in 1793. In 1795 he signed signed the Treaty of San Lorenzo and later offered to trade Louisiana to France for Haiti, this however didn't happen. |
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| Viceroy of New Spain when Napoleon makes his brother King of Spain. When upheaval in New Spain happened he planned to play the Criollos into making himself ruler of an independent Mexico. But Peninsulares caught onto him and arrested him in 1808 and sent him back to Spain. |
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| Miquel Hidalgo y Costilla |
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Definition
| Was a priest and leader of criollos. Delivered the "Gritos de Dolores" speach on Sep 16, 1810, marking independence day in Mexico. His army captures the capitol but is later defeated near Guadalajara. He is captured and executed in 1811 |
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| Juan Bautista de las Casas |
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| Lead revolutionary forces against San Antonio in 1811. He arrested the Governor and made himself leader of the revolutionary government. He is captured during a counterrevolution and executed. |
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| Lead the counterrevolution against Juan Bautista de las Casas. Royalist created a junta with him at it's head. |
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| Governor of Texas during the Mexican war of independence. Was arrested by Las Casas forces. However after Zambrano's counterrevolution the men guarding him switch sides and release him. He then set the trap that caught Hidalgo. He is overthrown again in 1813 and this time is murdered. |
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| Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara |
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Definition
| A rebel during the Mexican war of independence who travels to Louisiana and raises "The Republican Army of the North" to help rebels. He takes San Antonio and kills Governor Salceda and then proclaims himself "President Protector of the State of Texas". This title lasted 3 months when William Shaler prints papers telling about him killing the governor. |
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| Took command of the Republican Army of the North after Bernardo Gutierez is ousted from power. Lead the army in the Battle at the Medina River in 1813 from which he barely escaped. |
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| Would help seek independence for Texas, only so that it could become part of the US. He gained support from Bernardo Gutierrez who didn’t know his real motives. They raised an army of 300 men and took Nacogdoches. He failed to gain the support of Jean Laffite. His army was driven out in 1819, he regrouped with 50 men and attacked La Bahia. He was captured and sent to Mexico city where he was shot, maybe on accident |
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| Petitions Spanish govt to be allowed to settle in TX in 1821 he is turned down by Governor Antonio Martinez. The governor is later persuaded by his friend, Philip Hendrik Nering Bogel. He died soon after his return to the US |
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