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| Charles III (and portrait) |
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Definition
| Reign: 1759-1788---Promoted science and education, the modernization of agriculture, explored the New World, and avoided wars---Made reforms to weaken the church in hope of rescuing the Spanish empire---In portrait: Book instead of sword, birds and plants, his stance is less intrusive and aggressive than older kings |
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| Court painter under Charles IV, social commentator through subversive messages, and printmaker---Became deaf in 1692 which made his works become pessimistic and dark---Famous work: Third of May(1814), The Procession(1816) |
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| Alessandro Malaspina (and portrait) |
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Definition
| Italian explorer, Spanish naval officer, years active:1754-1810---During expeditions, he respected the civilizations he encountered, used artists to capture the relationship between explorers and inhabitant---Critized the Spanish empire and was convicted for treason and exiled to Italy---"Destructing other colonies destructs yourself"--- In portrait he looks kind and nonthreatening, intelligent |
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| 60 expeditions to the west coast starting in the 1700s, Charles III wanted to find the NW passage---Juan Perez and Juan Fransisco Quadra in the 1970s explored the NW and made maps, journals and friendly relationships with the natives |
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| Reign: 1788-1808---Not bright, interested in hunting and wrestling so was not it control very much---After smallpox killed his daughter, he was motivated to stop the disease, starts the Royal Philanthropic Vaccination Exploration in 1803 to cure the world, which was the first international attempt to irradiate a world disease, abdicates and runs to Italy in 1808 |
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| The Family of Charles IV, (painting) |
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Definition
| Done in 1800 by Goya---Queen is central figure to show how she more in control than the king, she is next to the children but not the king, he is separate, depicts the kings dullness but is subtle about it---Tribute to Las Meninas by Velazquez because Goya can be seen in the back painting, which creates a disorienting and mysterious scene |
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Definition
| Completed in 1814 by Francisco Goya, central figure is brightly lit and it positioned like a cross---Church in the back is lifeless and powerless---The soldiers' faces are down and anonymous showing that the French as a whole were responsible for this event---Goya sheds light on the situation---Shows how every person reacts differently when exposed to death |
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| A symbolic still life paintings from Flanders and Netherlands in 16th and 17th centuries |
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| The Procession (painting) |
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Definition
| Completed in 1816 by Goya--- Mary being carried, church is very dark, painting is separated into two parts, dark and light, symbolizing the heavy weight of religion, based on a dystopian society-immoral and without direction |
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| Reasons for fall of the Spanish empire |
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Definition
| Inbreeding caused mental retardation in kings---There was no intellectually elite group in Spain, a small and weak middle class---Religion oppressed science until it was too late, very close minded---Countries based on intolerance do not last |
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| Printmaking and The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (painting) |
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| 1808, Said he was setting the Spanish free from monarchy and liberating them from the church, but then he turned into a supreme ruler himself, wanted to rule the world, his invasion was the tipping point for Spain, ended the inquisition, guerrilla warfare came into play, 1814 French retreat |
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| Royal Philanthropic Vaccination Exploration |
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Definition
| Started by Charles IV in 1803 after his daughter died from smallpox, wanted to rid the world of disease, first attempt to as well, run by the church |
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| Spain in the Enlightenment |
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Definition
| Begins in early 1700s, more scientific thinking and less of the church, age of reasoning, 1734-Royal Academy of Medicine, 1755- Royal Botanical Garden, 1771-Royal Cabinet of Natural History and Observatory---Can be seen in portrait of Charles III with birds, plants, and books |
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| Flowers and a Dog, Still Life with Puppy (pair of paintings) |
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Definition
| Done by Juan van der Hamen in 1760---Dog is playing when young but stops in second painting, flowers changed, dog has become obedient, painting shows the effects of time with clock on table in second painting |
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| Formed when French invades Spain in 1808, guerrilla warfare happens until French are weakened and retreat in 1814 |
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| Has chief hat with decorations and whaling images |
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