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Global History 9 Final Exam Vocabulary
Final Exam Vocabulary Chapters 1-6
108
History
9th Grade
06/02/2010

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Term
prehistory
Definition
period of time before writing, cities, governments and inventions
Term
archaeology
Definition
study of the way of life of early peoples
Term
artifact
Definition

objects made by people

(tools, weapons, pottery, etc...)

Term
technology
Definition
skills and tools people use to meet basic needs
Term
historian
Definition
a person who studies how people lived in the past
Term
geography
Definition
the study of people, their environments and the resources available to them
Term
latitude
Definition
measures distance north and south of the equator
Term
longitude
Definition
measures distance east and west of the Prime Meridian
Term
nomad
Definition
Paleolithic people who moved from place to place following herds and ripening fruit
Term
glacier
Definition
thick sheets of ice spread across parts of Asia, Europe and North America
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
Term
polytheistic
Definition
belief in many gods
Term
artisan
Definition
a skilled craft worker who made pottery, woven goods, etc...
Term
pictogram
Definition
simple drawings to show words and idea represented
Term
scribe
Definition
trained people who could read and write
Term
city state
Definition
a political unit that included a city and surrounding lands and villages
Term
empire
Definition
a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
Term
steppe
Definition
sparse, dry grasslands with little fertile land
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
spread of ideas, customs and technologies from one people to another
Term
silt
Definition
rich soil
Term
dynasty
Definition
a ruling family
Term
pharaoh
Definition
Egyptian ruler who claimed divine support for their rule
Term
civil law
Definition
law dealing with private rights such as contracts, marriages and taxes
Term
vizier
Definition
a chief minister to supervise the business of government under a pharaoh
Term
mummification
Definition
Egyptian preservation of the dead
Term
hieroglyphics
Definition
picture writing developed by the Egyptians
Term
demotic
Definition
simpler form of Egyptian writing for everyday use
Term
papyrus
Definition
a paper like writing material made from a plant
Term
ziggurat
Definition
pyramid-temples in Sumeria
Term
hierarchy
Definition
a system of social ranks
Term
cuneiform
Definition
Sumerian system of writing
Term
satrap
Definition
provinces in the Persian empire, each headed by a governor
Term
barter economy
Definition
exhanging one set of goods or services for another
Term
colony
Definition
territory settled and ruled by a people in a distant land
Term
monotheistic
Definition
belief in one God
Term
covenant
Definition
a biding promis; God made a covenant with Abraham that he would give Abraham the "Promised Land"
Term
prophet
Definition
in Jewish history, a spiritual leader to told God's will to the people
Term
ethics
Definition
moral standards of behavior
Term
diaspora
Definition
a scattering of people; Jews were forced to leave their homeland and scattered all over the world
Term
subcontinent
Definition
a large landmass that juts out from a continent
Term
subcontinent
Definition
a large landmass that juts out from a continent
Term
monsoon
Definition
a seasonal wind that affects agriculture
Term
caste
Definition
In India, social groups into which a person is born and cannot change
Term
brahaman
Definition
Hinduism: a single spiritual force that resides in all living things
Term
mystic
Definition
India: people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truth
Term
rajah
Definition
India: Aryan clan chief
Term
rajah
Definition
India: Aryan clan chief
Term
loess
Definition
China: fine yellow soil that blew and clogged river beds, causing flooding
Term
clan
Definition
groups of families that claimed a common ancestor
Term
clan
Definition
groups of families that claimed a common ancestor
Term
clan
Definition
groups of families that claimed a common ancestor
Term
ideograph
Definition
China: signs that express thoughts and ideas
Term
oracle bone
Definition
China: animal bones or turtle shells used by priests to predict the future
Term
calligraphy
Definition
China: fine handwriting that was like an art form
Term
dynastic cycle
Definition
China: the rise and fall of ruling families or dynasties
Term
feudalism
Definition
China: system of government in which local lords governed lands and owed military service to ruler
Term
atman
Definition
Hinduism: the essential self or soul
Term
reincarnation
Definition
Hinduism and Buddhism: rebirth into another life form
Term
karma
Definition
Hinduism: all actions of a person's life that affect his fate in the next life
Term
dharma
Definition
Hinduism: moral and religious duties
Term
dharma
Definition
Hinduism: moral and religious duties
Term
ahimsa
Definition
Hinduism and Buddhism: non violence
Term
nirvana
Definition
Buddhism:the final goal of Buddhism, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
Term
stupa
Definition
large Buddhist shrine
Term
joint family
Definition
parents, children, grandchildre, aunts, uncles, etc... share a common dwelling
Term
patriarchal
Definition
lineage traced through the father's side of the family
Term
filial piety
Definition
Confucian idea of honoring one's elders
Term
alchemy
Definition
trying to transform ordinary metals into gold
Term
monopoly
Definition
complete control of a product or business by one person or by one group
Term
strait
Definition
narrow water passage that connects one body of water to another
Term
polis
Definition
a Greek city state
Term
acropolis
Definition
Greek temple dedicated to gods and goddesses
Term
monarchy
Definition
government in which a king or queen excercises central power
Term
aristocracy
Definition
government in which the landholding elite rule
Term
aristocracy
Definition
government in which the landholding elite rule
Term
oligarchy
Definition
government in which power is held by small powerful elite usually of the business class
Term
oligarchy
Definition
government in which power is held by small powerful elite usually of the business class
Term
phalanx
Definition
a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Term
democracy
Definition
a government by the people (began in Athens)
Term
tyrant
Definition
one who gains power by force
Term
legislature
Definition
a lawmaking body
Term
direct democracy
Definition
Athens: male citizens took part in government and voted
Term
direct democracy
Definition
Athens: male citizens took part in government and voted
Term
rhetoric
Definition
the art of skillful speaking
Term
tragedy
Definition
play that told about human suffering and ended in death (Sophocles of Greece wrote these)
Term
comedy
Definition
humorous plays that mocked people or customs (Greek writer Aristophanes)
Term
republic
Definition
government meaning "thing of the people" first set up in Rome
Term
patrician
Definition
Rome: member of landholding upper class
Term
consul
Definition
Rome: two senators elected to supervise government and command armies
Term
consul
Definition
Rome: two senators elected to supervise government and command armies
Term
dictator
Definition
Rome: a ruler with complete control; in Rome the senate chose a dictator for six months in the event of war
Term
plebian
Definition
Rome: farmers, merchants, artisans and traders who made up the bulk of the population
Term
plebian
Definition
Rome: farmers, merchants, artisans and traders who made up the bulk of the population
Term
tribune
Definition
Rome: elected by the plebians, the tribunes protected the interests of plebians and could vote
Term
veto
Definition
the right to vote "NO"
Term
legion
Definition
Rome: basic unit of about 5,000 men who made up Roman army
Term
aqueduct
Definition
Rome: stone structures that brought water from the hills to Roman cities
Term
messiah
Definition
Jews believed God would send a messiah or savior to lead people to freedom
Term
sect
Definition
a small religious group within a larger religious group
Term
martyr
Definition
one who is willing to die for his faith/beliefs
Term
bishop
Definition
Roman Catholic Church: a church official responsible for all Christians in an area
Term
pope
Definition
head of the Roman Catholic Church
Term
heresy
Definition
beliefs that are in opposition to church teachings
Term
mercenary
Definition
foreign soldiers who served for pay
Term
tribute
Definition
a payment from conquered people
Term
tribute
Definition
a payment from conquered people
Term
tribute
Definition
a payment from conquered people
Term
tribute
Definition
a payment from conquered people
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