Term
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Definition
-Inhibits GI secretions and motility (decreases gastric emptying)and Constricts blood vessels.
-ADRENERGIC post-ganglionic fibers (epi/NE) |
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Term
| parasympathetic innervation |
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Definition
-Stimulates motor and secretory activity
-CHOLINERGIC post-ganglionic fibers (Ach, VIP) |
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Term
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Definition
-Can direct all functions of GI tract even w.o extrinsic innervation
-ganglia get input from extrinsic innervation and chemo/mechano receptors in mucosa. |
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Term
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Definition
-exherts control over MOTILITY
-aka AUERBACHS plexus |
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Term
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Definition
-controls SECRETION, regulates GI blood flow and senses environment in lumen
-aka MEISSNERS plexus |
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Term
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Definition
-PSNS Cholinergic neuron
-contracts smooth muscle in GI, increases motility and strength of contractions
-behind bolus |
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Term
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Definition
-SNS Adrenergic nerve fibers
-relaxes smooth muscle
-ahead of bolus |
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Term
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Definition
-PSNS: in mucosa and smooth muscle
-relaxes smooth muscle
-ahead of bolus |
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Term
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Definition
-cosecreted with ACh
-contracts smooth muscle of GI
-behind bolus |
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Term
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Definition
-comes from G cells in stomach antrum
-stimulated for release by proteins/AA and distension
-Acts on parietal cells to increase secretions (promotes acidity! to begin digestion)
-enhances GI motility and relaxes iliocecal sphincter
-slows gastric emptying |
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Term
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Definition
-secreted by endocrine cells in duodenal mucosa in response to increased [H+] and fatty acids inside lumen (promotes secretion of bicarb from pancreatic duct)
-slows gastric emptying
-promotes bicarb/proenzyme secretion by Pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
-secreted by endocrine cells in duodenal mucosa in response to FA, peptides and AA from a meal
-slows gastric emptying and secretion
-causes GB contraction and relaxes sphincter of Odi
-helps trigger satiety (fleeting fullness) |
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Term
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Definition
-secreted by endocrine cells in duodenal mucosa in response to glucose and FA
-decreases glucose in blood, decreases motility and increases pH of stomach
-slows gastric emptying and secretion
-*stimulates insulin release |
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Term
| Intestinal Cells of Cajal (ICC) |
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Definition
-generate slow waves
-abundant in Myenteric Plexus
-pacemaker for waves/AP/contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| -modify salivary secretion by removing NaCl and adding a little K/Bicarb making it HYPOtonic |
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Term
| neural control of salivary secretion |
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Definition
-PSNS increases volume of secretion by increasing IP3 and [Ca+]
-SNS increases enzymes in saliva and mucous by increasing cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
| -dz affecting LES by decreasing VIP/NO (inhibitory neurons) causing loss of peristalsis and increased tone |
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Term
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Definition
| -formed by gastric epithelial cells secreting bicarb to neutralize acid trying to get into mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
-digests proteins in stomach
-must be secreted as pepsinogen (by chief cells) o/w would digest the body!
-pepsinogen secretion is stimulated by ACh/vagal activation during cephalic/gastric phase |
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Term
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Definition
-Increase HCl secretion by directly effecting parietal cells
-combo of these 3 augment each other
-POTENTIATION |
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Term
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Definition
-secreted by D-cells in antrum
-**physiological antagonist (anti) of HCl secretion
-suppresses Gastrin release from G- Cells and Histamine release from ECL cells
-lots of gastrin/H+ in lumen will trigger this hormone |
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Term
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
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Definition
| -caused by a gastrin secreting tumor leading to formation of a peptic ulcer (mucosal lesion of stomach or duodenum) |
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Term
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Definition
| velocity and force of contraction at pyloric sphincter can't get all food through at once, some is pushed back into stomach for more mixing/breaking down. |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone initiating Migrating Motor Complex to clear lumen to prevent bacterial overgrowth of SI by microorg colonizing LI (every 90-120 min) |
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Term
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Definition
-delayed stomach emptying caused by a dysfunctional vagus nerve (decreased VIP)
-tx: prokinetics augment motility, erythromycin a motilin againist promotes peristalsis and domperidone |
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Term
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Definition
-results in incomplete digestion of proteins/fats, a decrease in pH and a decrease in digestive enzymes
-Sxs: steatorrhea, gas, cramps |
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Term
| Proteases, pancreatic amylase and lipases |
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Definition
| -digestive enzymes secreted by Pancreas and activated by enterokinase at side of digestion in duodenum |
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Term
| Trypsin Inhibitor, mem bound enterokinase ans pro-enzyme form |
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Definition
| protects pancreas from autodigestion |
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Term
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Definition
-stimulate pancreatic secretion
-two of them work together through cAMP and exhibit potentiation/amplification |
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Term
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Definition
| -enzymes from pancreas break down proteins to oligopeptides then di/tri peptides in intestinal lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| -converts triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids which then form micelles with help of bile salts |
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Term
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Definition
| -FFA and monoglycerides reform a triglyceride w/ help of watersoluble lipoproteins once inside enterocyte. This can then get exocytosed into lacteal. |
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Term
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Definition
-Hunger hormone from ECC cells in stomach mucosa
-high before meals making you hungry
-high in fat ppl
-anorexics ignore it |
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Term
| Glucagon Like Peptide GLP-1 |
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Definition
-preproglucagon is cleaved in pancreas to glucagon and by intestinal L cells to this hormone
-the combo with PYY ‘really puts on the breaks’
-↑ insulin secretion afte a meal
-↓ food intake
-↓ SLOWS gastric emptying
-↓ glucagon secretion after a meal |
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Term
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Definition
-comes from endocrine cells in SI/LI after a meal
-↑ EE
-↓ food intake
-↓ expression of Ghrelin
-↓ SLOWS gastric emptying
-Binds to Y2 receptor |
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Term
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Definition
-very potent STIMULATOR of food intake and meal initiation
-rapid ↑ before meals (stays high as long as food is withheld)
-very high when body is stressed and/or fat stores are low so that u eat |
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Term
| Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) |
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Definition
-Antagonist of α-MSH
-↑ Grehlin
-↓ leptin, insulin and PYY
-↑ in AgRP and NPY causes in ↑ in appetite!
-one of the most potent and long-lasting of appetite stimulators |
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Term
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Definition
-↓ food intake (anorexigenic)
-suppresses NPY and AgRP‘fat ppl should want to eat less’
-produced by AT in direct proportion to amount of fat |
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Term
| increase appetite/food intake |
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Definition
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Term
| decrease appetite and food intake |
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Definition
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