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GI: Diarrhea
GI: Diarrhea
48
Anatomy
Graduate
01/29/2012

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Term
Define diarrhea:
Definition
- abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel

- > 200 g/day
- > 15 g/kg under 2 y/o
Term
Medications that may cause diarrhea:
Definition
- Metformin
- Exenatide
- Theophylline
- Colchicine
- PPI's
- HAART
- Antibiotics- erythromycin
- Promotility agents
- Laxatives
Term
Norwalk virus diarrhea:
Definition
- loose watery stools
- NO blood, mucus, or WBCs
Term
Giardia tmt:
Definition
Metronidazole 250 mg tid x 5 days
Term
Parasitic cause of diarrhea that is self limiting in most pple, but lifethreatening in AIDs. Tend to have > 17 liters/diarrhea. This parasite has an outer coat so its resistant to chlorine. Leading cause of recreatiional water associated gastroenteritis:
Definition
Cryptospridia
Term
This type of E.coli adheres to the small bowel and releases 2 enterotoxins:
Definition
Enterotoxigenic E. coli > Traveler's diarrhea
Term
Difference b/w diarrhea with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli and Enterotoxigenic E. coli:
Definition
- Enterohemorrhagic: bloody diarrhea
- Enterotoxigenic: no blood, mucus, or WBC
Term
Enteroinvasive bacteria that mimic Shigella by causing local colonic inflammatory response:
Definition
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Term
Onset of symptoms and duration of symptoms with Salmonella:
Definition
- onset: 8-48 hours after exposure
- duration: 1-2 weeks
Term
What type of diarrhea occurs with salmonella?
Definition
bloody
Term
Salmonella Typhi symptoms:
Definition
- Headache
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Malaise
- Anorexia
- Diaphoresis
- Abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Pea soup diarrhea
Term
Shigella diarrhea and other shigella symptoms?
Definition
- watery diarrhea
- tenesmus
- fever
- stomach cramps
Term
Shigella causes watery diarrhea, but there may also be __ or __ in the stools.
Definition
- blood or mucus
Term
complications of shigella:
Definition
- febrile seizures
- encephalopathy
- Reiter syndrome
Term
With shigella __ should be avoided, but ___ should be used.
Definition
- antidiarrheals should be avoided
- antibiotics should be used
Term
Antibiotis to treat Shigella:
Definition
- Ceftriazone 250 mg IM
- Ciprofloxacin 250 mg bid x 5 days
- SMZ/TMP bid x 5 days
- Azithromycin 500 mg for first day, 250 mg for 4 more days
Term
Campylobacter stools:
Definition
- loose, watery, or bloody stools
Term
Campylobacter is self-limiting but has a shorter course with antibiotics, what antibiotics would you use?
Definition
- Erythromycin 250-500 mg/day for 5-7 days
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 3 days
Term
Complications of Campylobacter jejuni?
Definition
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Guillain Barre (40%)
Term
2 bacterial causes of diarrhea that may cause HUS:
Definition
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- Campylobacter jejuni
Term
Bacterial diarrhea from undercooked pork products:
Definition
- Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
bacterial diarrhea that makes you unable to chelate iron?
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
bacterial diarrhea that causes pseudoappendicitis?
Definition
Yersinia enterocoliticia
Term
Complications of Yersinia enterocolitica:
Definition
- Erythema nodosum
- Reiter syndrome
Term
Two causes of bacterial diarrhea that can result in Reiter Syndrome:
Definition
- Shigella
- Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
Tmt for Yersinia enterocolitica:
Definition
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- SMZ/TMP
- Ceftriaxone
Term
Causes of Clostridium difficile:
Definition
- Cephalosporins
- Clindamycin
- Ampicllin
- Amoxicillin
- Chemo
Term
Complications of C. diff:
Definition
- Pseudomembranous colitis: 2-10 mm plaques, up to 25% of pts with mild disease
- Toxic megacolon
Term
C. diff tmt:
Definition
- Vancomycin 125 mg QD for 10-14 days
- Metronidazole 250 mg QD for 10-14 days
- Bacteriotherapy- stool transfer from someone else
Term
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is found in __ __ and is associated with __ __.
Definition
- brackish saltwater
- undercooked shellfish
Term
Vibrio parahaemolyticus symptoms:
Definition
- watery diarrhea
- abomdinal cramping
- nausea
- vomiting
- fever
- chills
Term
Vibrio cholera symptoms:
Definition
- watery rice water stools
- vomiting
- leg cramps
Term
Where does Vibrio cholera occur:
Definition
- Indian subcontinents
- sub-Sarahan Africa
- coastal TX and LA
Term
focus of tmt with Vibrio cholera:
Definition
- rehydration more important than antibiotics
Term
What type of bacterial diarrhea will antibiotics not work against and why?
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus b/c the abx won't kill the toxin and thats what makes you sick
Term
contaminated fried rice:
Definition
Bacillus cereus
Term
Clostridium perfringens:
Definition
- undercooked meats, poultry, or legumes
- diarrhea and cramps
- treat with rehydration
Term
Screen and dx for Celiac Disease:
Definition
Screen with autoantibodies:
- Anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTGA)
- IgA Anti-gliadin antibodies
- IgA Anti-endomysial antibodies

Diagnsosis
- Fecal fat Sudan stain
- GOLD STANDARD: SMALL BOWEL BIOPSY
Term
Foods pts with Celiac can eat:
Definition
CRAP and more

- Corn
- Rice
- Arrowroot
- Potatoes
- Soy
- Buckwheat
- Quinoa
- Flax
- Tapioca
Term
Symptoms of Whipple's Syndrome:
Definition
- Arthralgias
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Cough
- Lymphadenopathy
- Fever

results in MALABSORPTION fatal if untreated
Term
Examples of conditoin that can lead to bacterial overgrowth and thus malabsorption:
Definition
- Gastric achlorhydria- due to gastric surgery or chronic PPI use
- Radiation enteritis
- Motility disordres
- Fistulas
- Elderly
Term
one of the most common complications of having gall bladder removed:
Definition
diarrhea after surgery, can be acute or chronic

treat with cholestyramine
Term
Chronic diseases tha may cause diarrhea:
Definition
- IBD
- Microscopic colitis
- Radiation colitis
Term
Microscopic colitis treatment:
Definition
- Loperamide or Diphoxylate/atropine
- Bismuth subsalicylate
- 5 ASA/Sulfasalzine
- Budesonide or Prednisone
Term
Examples of diseases that cause motility disorders of the gut:
Definition
- IBS
- DM
- Scleroderma
- Hyperthyroidism
- Addison's
Term
IBS treatment:
Definition
Antispasmodics:
- Hyoscamine
- Dicyclomine
Term
Sign of colonoscopy of laxative abuse:
Definition
Melanosis coli
Term
Diverticulosis coli usually affects the __ colon.
Definition
sigmoid
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