Term
|
Definition
- abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel
- > 200 g/day
- > 15 g/kg under 2 y/o |
|
|
Term
| Medications that may cause diarrhea: |
|
Definition
- Metformin
- Exenatide
- Theophylline
- Colchicine
- PPI's
- HAART
- Antibiotics- erythromycin
- Promotility agents
- Laxatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- loose watery stools
- NO blood, mucus, or WBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metronidazole 250 mg tid x 5 days |
|
|
Term
| Parasitic cause of diarrhea that is self limiting in most pple, but lifethreatening in AIDs. Tend to have > 17 liters/diarrhea. This parasite has an outer coat so its resistant to chlorine. Leading cause of recreatiional water associated gastroenteritis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of E.coli adheres to the small bowel and releases 2 enterotoxins: |
|
Definition
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli > Traveler's diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Difference b/w diarrhea with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli and Enterotoxigenic E. coli: |
|
Definition
- Enterohemorrhagic: bloody diarrhea
- Enterotoxigenic: no blood, mucus, or WBC |
|
|
Term
| Enteroinvasive bacteria that mimic Shigella by causing local colonic inflammatory response: |
|
Definition
| - Enterotoxigenic E. coli |
|
|
Term
| Onset of symptoms and duration of symptoms with Salmonella: |
|
Definition
- onset: 8-48 hours after exposure
- duration: 1-2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| What type of diarrhea occurs with salmonella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmonella Typhi symptoms: |
|
Definition
- Headache
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Malaise
- Anorexia
- Diaphoresis
- Abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Pea soup diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Shigella diarrhea and other shigella symptoms? |
|
Definition
- watery diarrhea
- tenesmus
- fever
- stomach cramps |
|
|
Term
| Shigella causes watery diarrhea, but there may also be __ or __ in the stools. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of shigella: |
|
Definition
- febrile seizures
- encephalopathy
- Reiter syndrome |
|
|
Term
| With shigella __ should be avoided, but ___ should be used. |
|
Definition
- antidiarrheals should be avoided
- antibiotics should be used |
|
|
Term
| Antibiotis to treat Shigella: |
|
Definition
- Ceftriazone 250 mg IM
- Ciprofloxacin 250 mg bid x 5 days
- SMZ/TMP bid x 5 days
- Azithromycin 500 mg for first day, 250 mg for 4 more days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - loose, watery, or bloody stools |
|
|
Term
| Campylobacter is self-limiting but has a shorter course with antibiotics, what antibiotics would you use? |
|
Definition
- Erythromycin 250-500 mg/day for 5-7 days
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 3 days |
|
|
Term
| Complications of Campylobacter jejuni? |
|
Definition
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Guillain Barre (40%) |
|
|
Term
| 2 bacterial causes of diarrhea that may cause HUS: |
|
Definition
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- Campylobacter jejuni |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial diarrhea from undercooked pork products: |
|
Definition
| - Yersinia enterocolitica |
|
|
Term
| bacterial diarrhea that makes you unable to chelate iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial diarrhea that causes pseudoappendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications of Yersinia enterocolitica: |
|
Definition
- Erythema nodosum
- Reiter syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Two causes of bacterial diarrhea that can result in Reiter Syndrome: |
|
Definition
- Shigella
- Yersinia enterocolitica |
|
|
Term
| Tmt for Yersinia enterocolitica: |
|
Definition
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- SMZ/TMP
- Ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Clostridium difficile: |
|
Definition
- Cephalosporins
- Clindamycin
- Ampicllin
- Amoxicillin
- Chemo |
|
|
Term
| Complications of C. diff: |
|
Definition
- Pseudomembranous colitis: 2-10 mm plaques, up to 25% of pts with mild disease
- Toxic megacolon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Vancomycin 125 mg QD for 10-14 days
- Metronidazole 250 mg QD for 10-14 days
- Bacteriotherapy- stool transfer from someone else |
|
|
Term
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus is found in __ __ and is associated with __ __. |
|
Definition
- brackish saltwater
- undercooked shellfish |
|
|
Term
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus symptoms: |
|
Definition
- watery diarrhea
- abomdinal cramping
- nausea
- vomiting
- fever
- chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- watery rice water stools
- vomiting
- leg cramps |
|
|
Term
| Where does Vibrio cholera occur: |
|
Definition
- Indian subcontinents
- sub-Sarahan Africa
- coastal TX and LA |
|
|
Term
| focus of tmt with Vibrio cholera: |
|
Definition
| - rehydration more important than antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacterial diarrhea will antibiotics not work against and why? |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus b/c the abx won't kill the toxin and thats what makes you sick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- undercooked meats, poultry, or legumes
- diarrhea and cramps
- treat with rehydration |
|
|
Term
| Screen and dx for Celiac Disease: |
|
Definition
Screen with autoantibodies:
- Anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTGA)
- IgA Anti-gliadin antibodies
- IgA Anti-endomysial antibodies
Diagnsosis
- Fecal fat Sudan stain
- GOLD STANDARD: SMALL BOWEL BIOPSY |
|
|
Term
| Foods pts with Celiac can eat: |
|
Definition
CRAP and more
- Corn
- Rice
- Arrowroot
- Potatoes
- Soy
- Buckwheat
- Quinoa
- Flax
- Tapioca |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Whipple's Syndrome: |
|
Definition
- Arthralgias
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Cough
- Lymphadenopathy
- Fever
results in MALABSORPTION fatal if untreated |
|
|
Term
| Examples of conditoin that can lead to bacterial overgrowth and thus malabsorption: |
|
Definition
- Gastric achlorhydria- due to gastric surgery or chronic PPI use
- Radiation enteritis
- Motility disordres
- Fistulas
- Elderly |
|
|
Term
| one of the most common complications of having gall bladder removed: |
|
Definition
diarrhea after surgery, can be acute or chronic
treat with cholestyramine |
|
|
Term
| Chronic diseases tha may cause diarrhea: |
|
Definition
- IBD
- Microscopic colitis
- Radiation colitis |
|
|
Term
| Microscopic colitis treatment: |
|
Definition
- Loperamide or Diphoxylate/atropine
- Bismuth subsalicylate
- 5 ASA/Sulfasalzine
- Budesonide or Prednisone |
|
|
Term
| Examples of diseases that cause motility disorders of the gut: |
|
Definition
- IBS
- DM
- Scleroderma
- Hyperthyroidism
- Addison's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antispasmodics:
- Hyoscamine
- Dicyclomine |
|
|
Term
| Sign of colonoscopy of laxative abuse: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diverticulosis coli usually affects the __ colon. |
|
Definition
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