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GI: Colorectal Cancer
GI: Colorectal Cancer
14
Anatomy
Graduate
01/26/2012

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Term
Risk Factors for colorectal cancer:
Definition
- Hereditary Polyposis Syndrome
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)
- Family history of "cancer family syndrome"
- First degree relatives with colorectal carcinoma
- History of previous colorectal carcinoma
- Previous endometrial or ovarian cancer, especially when diagnosed at an early age
- Women undergoing radiation for gynecologic cancer
- IBD (UC or Crohn's)
- Diet high in fat, meat, and beer
- Age > 40
Term
Abdominal distention and tenderness with colorectal cancer are indicative of:
Definition
colonic obstruction
Term
Labs to order if you suspect colorectal cancer:
Definition
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
- CBC to look for iron deficient anemia
- Plasma Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) level
- Liver Function Tests (LFT)
Term
What imaging study helps assist in preoperative staging of Colorectal Cancer:
Definition
- CT scanning of the abdomen, pelvis, and chest
Term
What imaging study is good for look at CRC and its mets?
Definition
PET scan
Term
Recommendations for colorectal cancer screening in average risk person:
Definition
Beginning at age 50:
- Colonscopy every 10 years
- Computed Tomographic Colonography, or Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, or Double Contrast Barium Enema everey 5 years
- Stool blood testing annually or stool DNA testing acceptable but not preferred
Term
Recommendations for colorectal screening in those with one or two first degree relatives with CRC at any age or adenoma less than 60 y/o:
Definition
- colonscopy every 5 years starting at age 40, or 10 years younger than earliest dx, whichever comes first
Term
Recommendations for CRC screening in those with a hx of CRC:
Definition
- colonscopy every 3-5 years after removal of all index polyps
Term
CRC treatment:
Definition
- Surgical resection: 70% of CRCs are resectable for cure at presentation
- Chemotherapy: Fluorouracil and Leucovorin
- Radiation: For stages II and III
Term
CRC chronic tmt:
Definition
- follow up every 3-6 months for first 3 years and then at decreased frequency for next 2 years
- Colonscopy every year for first 2 years, and then every 3 years
- Baseline CEA level every 3 to 6 months for first 5 years
Term
Non-Neoplastic Mucosal Polyps:
Definition
He Made Jello Pudding Interesting.
- Hyperplastic polyp (including serrated)
- Mucosal polyp (normal mucosa in a polypoid configuration)
- Juvenile polyp (retention polyp)
- Peutz-Jeghers polyp
- Inflammatory polyp
Term
Submucosal Polyps:
Definition
CPLLCMO
- Colitis cystica profunda
- Pneumatosis cystoides coli
- Lymphoid polyps (benign and malignant)
- Lipoma
- Carcinoid
- Metastatic neoplasms
- Other rare lesions
Term
Screening blood test for children with FAP and why?
Definition
- alpha-fetoprotein
- used in kids with FAP up until age 5 to screen for hepatoblastoma
Term
Treatment for FAP:
Definition
- Endoscopic surveillance
- Flexible sigmoid every 1-2 years starting b/w ages 10 and 12 to document onset of polyposis
- Sigmoidoscopic surveillance and ablation of polyps every 3-6 months in those who have had had colonic resection
- Screening family members of FAP patients starting at age 12
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