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GI
N/A
49
Anatomy
Professional
04/30/2013

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Term
A musculomembranous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
Definition
Gastrointestinal tract/Alimentary Canal
Term
The greater part of the Alimentary canal is ___ in length, lies in the abdominal cavity
Definition
29 to 30 feet (8.6 to 8.9 m)
Term
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
Definition
accessory organs
Term
Duodenal bulb for a hypersthenic body habitus
Definition
at the level of T11 or T12 to the right of the midline
Term
is at approximate level of L1 to L2, to the right of the midline
Definition
duodenal bulb for sthenic patient
Term
near the midline at the level of L3 or L4
Definition
duodenal bulb for hyposthenic/asthenic patients
Term
First plane is drawn at the level of
Definition
the ninth costal cartilage
Term
The second horizontal plane is at the level of
Definition
the superior margin of the crest of the Ilium
Term
Vertical lines that pass through the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis
Definition
Two sagittal planes
Term
First division of the digestive system
Encloses dental arches and receives the saliva secreted by the Salivary glands
Definition
buccal/ oral cavity
Term
space between the teeth and cheeks
Definition
Oral vestibule
Term
mouth proper, the space within the dental arches
Definition
Oral cavity
Term
Approximately five (5) inches (13 cm) in length
Definition
pharynx
Term
the pharynx starts at internal areas and extends to ___
Definition
the level of the cricoid cartilage
Term
the most inferior cartilage of the larynx
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
Lies posteriorly above the soft and hard palates
Anteriorly, communicates with the posterior apertures of the nose
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
Extends from the soft palate to the level of hyoid bone
The base (root) of the tongue forms the anterior wall
Its function is a passageway for food moving downward from the mouth and for air moving to and from the nasal cavity
Definition
oropharynx
Term
Lies posterior to the larynx
The anterior wall being formed by the posterior surface of the larynx
Extends inferiorly and is continuous with the esophagus
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
Long, muscular tube, carries food/saliva from the laryngopharynx to the stomach
Definition
esophagus
Term
esophagus is approximately, __ long, __ diameter
Definition
24 cm (10 inches)
1.9 cm (3/4) inches
Term
esophagus originates at the level of the
Definition
sixth cervical vertebrae
Term
esophagogastric junction is at the level of ___
Definition
the xiphoid tip (T11)
Term
The expanded terminal end is called the ___
Definition
cardiac antrum
Term
4 layers of esophagus
Definition
Fibrous layer
Muscular layer
Mucosal layer
Submucosal layer
Term
Muscular layer of esophagus is composed of two muscle layers:
Definition
Outer Longitudinal muscle layer
Inner Circular muscle layer
Term
Runs lengthwise
When these longitudinal fibers (open spirals) contract, the tract shortens
Definition
Outer Longitudinal muscle layer
Term
Encircles the gastrointestinal tract
Circular fibers (actually closed spirals) contract, decreasing the diameter of the tract
Definition
Inner Circular muscle layer
Term
Oblique muscle layer
Definition
submucosal layer
Term
Innermost layer
Thick, soft lining
Numerous folds (rugae) when the stomach wall is contracted
Definition
mucosal layer
Term
four portions of the stomach
Definition
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Term
Surrounds the esophageal opening
Definition
cardia
Term
Superior portion that expands superiorly and fills left hemidiaphragm
Definition
fundus
Term
Located between the Fundus and Pyloric portion
Inner mucosal layer contains numerous longitudinal folds called rugae
Definition
Body
Term
Consists of the pyloric antrum and the narrower pyloric canal
Definition
pylorus
Term
Right border of stomach
Definition
lesser curvature
Term
Left and inferior borders. (4-5 times larger than the lesser curvature)
Definition
greater curvature
Term
Guards opening of esophagus into the stomach (Cardiac orifice)
Definition
cardiac sphincter
Term
Guards the opening from the pyloric portion of the stomach into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum)
Definition
pyloric sphincter
Term
Averages about 22 feet (6.5m) in length
Diameter is 1 ½ inches in the proximal part to about 1 inch in the distal part
Definition
small intestine
Term
assist the process of digestion and absorption, gives the intestinal mucosa a velvety appearance
Definition
villi
Term
First division of small intestine
8-10 inches in length, widest portion of the small intestine and is C-shaped
Definition
duodenum
Term
Superior portion
Descending portion
Horizontal portion
Ascending portion
Definition
4 divisions of the duodenum
Term
Known as the duodenal bulb
Definition
superior portion of duodenum
Term
about 3-4 inches in length and passes inferiorly along the head of the pancreas
Definition
descending portion of duodenum
Term
portion curves back toward the left
Definition
third (horizontal portion) of duodenum
Term
This portion joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the duodenojejunal flexure (Angle of Treitz)
Definition
ascending (fourth) portion of duodenum
Term
Second division and upper two fifths of small intestine
Definition
jejunum
Term
Third division and lower three fifths of the small intestine
Definition
ileum
Term
Completes the digestion of food

Absorbs the end products of digestion into the blood lymph

Secretes hormones, some of which control the secretions of the pancreatic juices, bile, and the intestinal juices
Definition
3 main functions of small intestines
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