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GI Tract
The GI tract
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/19/2014

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Cards

Term
Where does the GI tract commence? What are the components of it?
Definition
Commences where the esophagus drains into the stomach; consists of the stomach, SI, LI, Rectum, Anus
Term
What are the functions of the GI tract? Which organ performs which function
Definition
1. Digestion - stomach
2. Absorption of nutrients - SI
3. Reabs of water - LI
Term
Which portions of the GI tract are located in the abdomen? In the pelvis?
Definition
Abdomen: stomach, SI, ascending, transverse, and descending colon
Pelvis: sigmoid colon and rectum
Term
Describe the shape of the stomach?
Definition
- Muscular
- J shaped
- Most voluminous part of the tract
Term
What are the 3 parts of the stomach?
Definition
1. Fundus
2. The Body
3. The Pyloric antrum
Term
What is the fundus? What other feature of the stomach
Definition
The dome under the left diaphragm, rising from the level of the gastroesophageal sphincter
Term
What is the function of the lower esophageal (gastroesophageal) sphincter?
Definition
Controls the admission of food into the stomach
Term
What are rugae?
Definition
The mucosal folds that act to increase the surface area of the stomach, found in the fundus
Term
Describe the body of the stomach
Definition
Largest portion of the stomach, with the lesser curvature on the right and greater curvature on the left
Term
What is the pyloric antrum of the stomach? Where is it located?
Definition
Where the stomach tapers down towards the pyloris; most distal end of stomach
Term
What is the prominent feature of the pyloris?
Definition
The pyloric sphincter
Term
What is the function of this valve?
Definition
Controls the flow of bolus from stomach to SI
Term
How many sections does the SI have? Name them from proximal to distal
Definition
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
Term
List characteristics of the duodenum (4)
Definition
- 30cm long
- Partially retroperitoneal
- Horseshoe shaped
- 4 sections
Term
What is the function of the duodenum?
Definition
Receives digestive enzymes from the liver/pancreas, and neutralizes the acidic stomach chyme
Term
(T/F) The head of the pancreas is nestled into the curvature of the duodenum
Definition
True
Term
Name the 4 sections of the duodenum
Definition
1. Superior
2. Descending
3. Inferior
4. Ascending
Term
What is the function of the superior limb?
Definition
Connects stomach to descending limb
Term
What is the prominent feature of the descending limb?
Definition
The ampulla where the pancreatic and digestive enzymes are secreted into the SI
Term
What two ducts contribute to this opening?
Definition
1. Bile duct
2. Pancreatic duct
Term
What is the function of the ascending limb?
Definition
Connects with the jejunum
Term
How long are the jejunum and ileum combined?
Definition
5-7 metres
Term
What part of the greater sac does the jejunum occupy? The ileum?
Definition
Jejunum: upper left
Ileum: lower right
Term
(T/F) The main difference between the ileum and jejunum is seen when examining function
Definition
False, the two sections differ the most histologically
Term
List two other observable differences
Definition
1. Ileum is more likely to have mesenteric fat migrating around it
2. Ileum has arcades of blood vessels
Term
What structure allows the emptying of the ileum into the cecum?
Definition
Ileocecal valve
Term
List the sections of large intestine, from proximal to distal
Definition
1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon
6. Rectum
Term
What are the two prominent features of the cecum?
Definition
1. Appendix
2. Mesentary
Term
What is the flexure that joins the ascending and transverse colon?
Definition
The hepatic (right) flexure
Term
What is the flexure that joins the descending and transverse colon?
Definition
The splenic (left) flexure
Term
Which sections of the colon are interperitoneal? Retro?
Definition
Inter: cecum, transverse, sigmoid
Retro: ascending and descending
Term
What is the transverse mesocolon?
Definition
The mesentary of the transverse colon
Term
What is the sigmoid mesocolon?
Definition
The mesentary of the sigmoid colon
Term
What are teniae coli?
Definition
The 3 equally distributed muscle strips that run down the colon longitudinally
Term
What is the function of the TC?
Definition
Shortens the LI to make haustra
Term
What are haustra?
Definition
Sacculations of the LI formed by the teniae coli shortening the LI
Term
What are epiploic appendices?
Definition
The fat sacs inside the visceral peritoneum
Term
(blood supply covered later)
Definition
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