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GI Tract pt. 1
N/A
42
Anatomy
Graduate
12/01/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the function of the spleen?
Definition
Antibody formation, disposal of deteriorating RBCs and platelets, blood storage
Term
Where is the spleen located?
Definition
Intraperitoneal, deep to left ribs 9-11, long axis parallel to rib 10
Term
What supplies blood to the spleen?
Definition
Splenic artery, a branch of the celiac trunk
Term
When is a splenic aneurysm more likely to occur?
Definition
3rd trimester in hypertensive pregnant women who smoke 
Term
What drains blood form the spleen?
Definition
Splenic vein which joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein 
Term
What drains into the splenic vein?
Definition
Inferior mesenteric vein
Term
What might cause splenomegaly?
Definition
Portal hypertension or hemolytic anemia
Term
What is the most commonly ruptured abdominal organ with life-threatening hemorrhage?
Definition
Spleen
Term
How might the spleen be ruptured?
Definition
Blunt force trauma
Term
How might the spleen be lacerated?
Definition
Fractured lower left ribs
Term
Splenic pain may be referred to where and by what?
Definition
Left shoulder via phrenic nerve
Term
What might be injured during a splenectomy?
Definition
The tail of the pancreas which enters the splenorenal ligament
Term
What must be taken into particular consideration in order to prevent pleuritis due to puncturing of the pleural cavity? 
Definition
Relationship of the spleen to the left costodiaphragmatic recess along the 10th rib
Term
Intrinsic ganglia and nerve plexuses travel along the wall of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus to form what?
Definition
Enteric Nervous System
Term
Though the enteric NS is capable of functioning independently, what can influence its activities?
Definition
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Term
What are the main intrinsic nerve plexuses that make up the enteric NS?
Definition
Submucous (Meissner's) plexus, Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus
Term
What characterizes preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the abdominal organs?
Definition
Reaches prevertebral ganglia via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Term

What characterizes postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the abdominal organs?

Definition
Cell bodies are within prevertebral ganglia, fibers follow arteries to organs
Term
Where are prevertebral ganglia containing sympathetic neuron cell bodies for innervation of abdominal organs located?
Definition
Celiac trunk, Superior/Inferior Mesenteric Arteries, Renal Arteries (aorticorenal ganglia)
Term
What splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from cell bodies within the intermediolateral cell columm to verterbral gaglia?
Definition
Thoracic Splanchnic nerves and Lumbar Splanchnic nerve
Term

What are the thoracic splanchnic nerves?

Definition
Greater splanchnic (T5-T9), Lesser Splanchnic (T10-11), Least Splanchnic (T12)
Term
What are the roots of the lumbar splanchnic nerve?
Definition
L1-2, occasionally L1-3
Term
What do the thoracic splanchnic preganglionic nerves innervate?
Definition
Foregut (celiac trunk) and midgut (superior mesenteric artery)
Term
What do autonomic nerve fibers to visceral organs follow?
Definition
Blood vessels
Term
Celiac ganglia nerve fibers follow celiac trunk branches to what?
Definition
Foregut derivatives: stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, spleen
Term
Aorticorenal ganglia fibers follow renal artery branches to what?
Definition
Kidneys and adrenal glands
Term
Superior mesenteric ganglia fibers follow superior mesenteric artery branches to what?
Definition
Midgut derivatives: distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum
Term
Inferior mesenteric ganglia nerve fibers follow inferior mesenteric artery branches to what?
Definition
Hindgut derivatives: descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal
Term
What are the actions of the sympathetic nervous system in the GI?
Definition
Vasoconstrictions in blood vessels in the viscera, reduced glandular secretions, reduced peristalsis
Term
Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs comes from what sources?
Definition
Vagus Nerves (CNX) and Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-4)
Term
What do the Vagus Nerves (CNX) innervate?
Definition
Foregut and midgut derivatives of the digestive tracts (esophagus to left colic flexure)
Term
What doe the splanchnic nerves (S2-4) innervate?
Definition
Hindgut derivatives (left colic flexure to anal canal)
Term
Where do Vagus nerve fibers enter the abdomen?
Definition
Esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm as anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Term
Where are the ganglion cells that are supplied by pregagnlionic parasympathetic Vagus nerve fibers located?
Definition
Near or within the wall of visceral structures
Term
The Vagus nerve (CNX) provides parasympathetic innervation to what foregut and midgut derivative organs?
Definition
Distal esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestines, ascending colon, transverse colon
Term
What are the only splanchnic nerves that carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to hindgut derivatives?
Definition
Pelvic splanchnic nerves from anterior rami of spinal nerves S2-4
Term
What hindgut derivatives of the digestic tract are innervated by pelivc splanchnic nerves?
Definition
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal
Term
Parasympathetic fibers have what affect on the GI?
Definition
Increase glandular secretion and peristalsis, vagal nerve fibers inhibit the pyloric sphincter, allowing gastric emptying
Term
What carries signals for pain from the abdominal viscera to the spinal cord?
Definition
Visceral afferent fibers accompanying sympathetic nerves
Term
What might be implied by referred pain to T5-9 dermatomes?
Definition
Organs in those dermatomes are most likely involved in the pathology
Term
What might cause referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder?
Definition
Irritation of the phrenic nerve from inflammation of the diaphragmatic pleura or diaphragmatic peritoneum (ruptured spleen, cholecystitis)
Term
What are the roots of the phrenic nerve and how does it cause referred pain tot he ipsilateral shoulder?
Definition
C3-5, enters same spinal cord segments as supraclavicular nerves (C3,4), which supply cutaneous innervation to the shoulder
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