Term
| Always advise any client that calls with V/D to bring in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vomiting vs regurgitation |
|
Definition
V: forcible expulsion of stomach contents
R: backward flowing of undigested food |
|
|
Term
| small bowel vs large bowel diarrhea |
|
Definition
SB: liquid, regular freq, usu lg vol, melena
LB: semi-formed, increased freq, sm vol, frank, mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-describe v/d
-freq, duration, consistency
-recent diet changes
-recent Hx chewing
-recent stress or travel
-linear objects / string |
|
|
Term
| Megaesophagus can be ___ or ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased incidence of megaesophagus in... |
|
Definition
| Great Danes, German Shepherds, Irish Setters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regurgitation
Weight loss
Chronic resp infections
Fetid breath
Panting/agitation after eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rads
-esophagram
-fluoroscopy |
|
|
Term
| How to perform an esophagram? |
|
Definition
-lateral recumbency
-give barium
-take rad immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-feed from elevated platform
-frequent small meals
-use consistency of food best tolerated
-broad spectrum Abx during URIs
-Sx if severe - not that successful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastric dilitation and volvulus |
|
|
Term
| One of the leading causes of death in large or giant breed dogs is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acute distension of stomach with fluid/gas/ingesta
-stomach flips and occludes esophagus/duodenum -> cuts off circ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Exact cause unknown, but contributing factors include:
-lg meals, esp dry food
-change in diet
-ingesting lg amt H2O
-post prandial exercise
-V, or abd pressure f/coughing
-close relative w/Hx GDV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- +/- shock
-abdominal tympany and distension
-MM hyperemic
-arched back / painful abd
-unproductive retching
-excessive salivation
-dyspnea
-lethargy
-cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| The stomach is normally on the ___ side of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-treat shock
-rads to be sure of Dx
-gastric decompression
-EKG
-Sx - gastropexy |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the surgery that may be used to treat and prevent GDV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to perform gastric decompression? |
|
Definition
-lg tube down esophagus
-trocharization w/18ga needle behind ribs on R side |
|
|
Term
| Of the patients that die after Tx for GDV, ___% die within the first ___ days after Sx. |
|
Definition
| 95% die within first 4 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-arrhythmia
-circulatory collapse
-recurrent bloat
-ischemic necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Monitoring a GDV patient post-op? |
|
Definition
-circulation
-urine output
-arrhythmia
-gastric distension |
|
|
Term
| What drugs may be given to a GDV patient post-op? |
|
Definition
| -GI motility drugs (Reglan aka metaclopramide, Cerenia |
|
|
Term
| When can a post-op GDV patient start eating again? |
|
Definition
-NPO 24 hrs
-water
-gruel 48 hrs
-solids 72 hrs |
|
|
Term
| Client education points re: GDV: |
|
Definition
-it WILL recur
-feed frequent, small meals
-soak food prior to feeding
-avoid excessive water intake |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatitis is most likely to affect... |
|
Definition
Dogs: Five, Fat, Female
-rare in cats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acute vomiting
-depression +/- fever
-very painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Chem: ^AMLY ^Lipase
-Rads to rule out FB, neoplasia
-US to rule out other stuff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MILD:
-NPO 24-72 hrs
-fluids (IV best)
-anti-emetics
-Fentanyl patch / analgesics NPO
SEVERE:
-all above
-IV Abx (Cephazalin sloooow IV)
-No food 3-5d after V stops |
|
|
Term
| Repeated bouts of pancreatitis can lead to what diseases / disorders? |
|
Definition
| diabetes, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme granules like Pro-Zyme- add to food for rest of life |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for when part of the intestines telescopes upon itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intusseception often occurs in what group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to Dx intusseception? |
|
Definition
-palpation
-barium study
-exploratory Sx |
|
|
Term
| How to Tx intusseception? |
|
Definition
| Sx with plication (tack in place with sutures) |
|
|
Term
| How to Dx bacterial overgrowth? |
|
Definition
| Dx with fecal smear or culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal eats from garbage can, has weird GI problems |
|
|
Term
| Failure of what organs may cause V/D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bland diet
-lots of fibers
-may need long-term Abx/steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enemas
-increase fiber
-pro-motility drugs (Reglan aka metaclopramide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Centrine (aminopentamide)
Reglan (metoclopramide)
Cerenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Centrine (aminopentamide)
Pepto Bismol (bismuth coats, salicylate lowers secretions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Centrine (aminopentamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-orogastric
-nasogastric
-esophagostomy
-gastrotomy |
|
|
Term
| Never place a nasogastric tube in... |
|
Definition
| kittens or cats with obstructed nasal passage |
|
|
Term
| What tube to use for nasogastric tube? |
|
Definition
-infant feeding tube
-21ga butterfly cath with needle cut off |
|
|
Term
| What should you do before inserting a nasogastric tube? |
|
Definition
| -few drops topical ophthalmic anesthetic in nostril |
|
|
Term
| How should animal be positioned for gastric lavage? |
|
Definition
-begin in sternal recumb, head upright
-once stomach is full, LL recumb with head lowered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total Parenteral Nutrition |
|
|
Term
| TPN should only be administered after... |
|
Definition
-rehydration
-electrolyte replacement
-acid/base balance |
|
|
Term
| A candidate for TPN is an animal who has been off food for ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TPN contains what 3 things? |
|
Definition
| dextrose, amino acids, lipids |
|
|
Term
| If TPN is administered too quickly, what might occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recommended dose of activated charcoal for most animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don't induce emesis in... |
|
Definition
-rat/rabbit/horse/bird
-recently abd Sx patient
-unconscious/seizuring patient
-corrosive ingestion |
|
|
Term
| Having one's "stomach pumped" refers to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-apomorphine - place in conjunctival sac and flush after emesis
-fresh H2O2 |
|
|
Term
| To perform gastric lavage, patient must be ___ and have ___. |
|
Definition
| sedated, inflated ET tube |
|
|
Term
| How to measure a bloat tube? |
|
Definition
| from tip of nose to 9th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continue gastric lavage until... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to use 2 tubes to perform gastric lavage: |
|
Definition
little tube inside big tube
-lavage solution goes in little tube
-stomach contents go out big tube |
|
|
Term
| Go toward the animal's ___ side when inserting an orogastric tube. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supplies needed for orogastric intubation? |
|
Definition
-red rubber tube
-mouth gag
-at least 2 catheter tip syringes
-lube |
|
|
Term
| During starvation, what organ does not experience cell loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs of poor nutritional status? |
|
Definition
-asscites
-thin, dry haircoat
-muscle wasting over bony prominences
-low body condition score |
|
|
Term
| Best energy sources for animals with stress starvation? |
|
Definition
|
|
