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GI small intenstins
Small intenstine.
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/25/2012

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Term
what are the 3 subdivisions of the small intenstines?
Definition
duodenum- (is the first 10")bile duct and pancreatic duct empties bile and digestive enzymes in am ampulla in the duodenum
jejunum- largest amount of absorption
lleum- longest segment
Term
what makes the in the surface area large in the intestines?
Definition
Mucosa
Term
what are Plicae circulares?
Definition
permanent fold that force the chyme to slowly spiral through lumen.
Term
what are Villi?
Definition
finger like extensions lined with absorbs mucosa cells with central lymph lacteals and capillaries
Term
what are microvilli?
Definition
tiny projections of the absorptive cells that have brush border enzymes
Term
what are intestinal crypts?
Definition
between villi contain cells that make the digestive hormones secretin and cholecystkinin
Term
what comes out of the stomach?
Definition
Chyme partial digestive, proteins and carbohydrates
Term
where does biocarbonate come from?
Definition
liver
Term
where is the liver located?
Definition
just under the diaphragm on the right side mainly
Term
what is the largest gland in the body?
Definition
liver
Term
how many lobes does the liver have and what are they?
Definition
4. the right, left are the main lobes, caudate and quadrate smaller lobes on the bottom
Term
where does the liver receive nutrient- rich blood?
Definition
from the intestines via the hepatic portal vein
Term
what are the functions and characteristic of the Hepatocyte?
Definition
1. process blood borne nutrients
2. store fat soluble (A,D,E,K)
3. perform detoxification
4. produce 900 ml bile per day
5.sythesize most of the plasma protein
6. able to self- regenrate much more than most
Term
can the liver fix to itself?
Definition
yes but only small amount
Term
what is bile?
Definition
yellow green, alkaline solution produced by liver cells.
Term
what does bile contain?
Definition
Bile salts- detergents for fat emulsificarion and absorption
bilirubin- breaks down of the hemoglobin from old red blood cells
Term
where are bile salts reabsorbed?
Definition
the ileum
Term
where are live cells organized
Definition
the hepatic lobules
Term
what do lobules have at each four corners?
Definition
Portal triad
Term
what are liver sinusoidal capillaries?
Definition
are leaky capillaries that are interwined between hepatic plates
Term
where does the liver get oxygenated blood from?
Definition
aorta
Term
what does the gall bladder do?
Definition
a sac that stores bile by absorbing water and ions from the bile
Term
where does the bile get released in from the gall bladder?
Definition
the cystic duct that goes to the duodenum
Term
what are some names of liver diseases?
Definition
1. Hepatitis- inflammation due to hepatitis virus
2. Cirrhosis destruction and fibrosis liver from chronic inflammation.
Term
what does the pancreas do?
Definition
performs endocrine function insulin production and exocrine function. also produces juice and digestive juices that are transported to the duodenum via duct
Term
where is the pancreas located?
Definition
just below the stomach
Term
is pancreas juice basic or alkaline
Definition
alkaline pH8 that neutralize acid chyme
Term
what are the enzymes in the pancreas?
Definition
Amylase- digestive carbohydrates
lipase-digestive lipids
pancreatic proteases-digestive proteins
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin
Term
what is the main function of the Large Intestine (colon)
Definition
reclaim water, vitamins, and electrolytes from bowel contents
Term
what are unique features of the large intestine?
Definition
1. Teniae coli- three bans of longitudinal smooth muscle inthe muscularis layer of the wall
2. Haustra- pocket like sacs caused by the tone of the teniae coli
Term
what is exocrine?
Definition
things that go through ducts?
Term
what is endocrine?
Definition
goes to the blood but doesnt go through ducts
Term
what are the regions of the large intestine?
Definition
1. Cecum (pouch with attached appendix)
2. Colon
3. Rectum
4. Anal Canal
Term
how is the transverse colon and sigmoid colon anchored?
Definition
mesocolons (mesenteries)
Term
how many valves top feces from being passed?
Definition
3 rectal valves
Term
what sphincter has involuntary control
Definition
internal anal sphincter
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