Term
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Definition
local acting
central acting |
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Term
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Definition
phenothiazine derivatives (chlorpromazine, acepromazine, Prochlorperazine)
antihistamine (Benadryl, dramamine, meclizine)
procainamide derivatives (metoclopramide)
anticholinergics (atropine)
serotonin receptor antagonist (ondansetron)
NK-1 receptor antagonist (cerenia) |
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Term
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Definition
narcotics (loperimide in Imodium)
anticholinergics (Propantheline, Aminopentamide)
protectants (kaolin and pectin, activated charcoal)
adsorbents (bisthmuth) |
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Term
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Definition
apomorphine
xylazine (cats) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| med classes for gastric ulcers |
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Definition
| (1) H2 receptor antagonists (famotidone), (2) proton pump inhibitors, (3) antacids, (4) gastromucosal protectants, and (5) prostaglandin E1 analogues. |
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Term
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Definition
| cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine |
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Term
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Definition
| Omeprazole, pantoprazole, |
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Term
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Definition
| aluminum/ magnesium hydroxyzide |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
saline/hyperosmotic agents (lactulose, magnesium, phosphate)
bulking agents (psyllium)
lubricants (mineral oil, petrolatum)
stool softener (Docusate sodium)
irritants (Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) castor oil) |
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Term
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Definition
| hypersecretion, increased permeability, osmotic overload, and altered intestinal motility. Parasitism |
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Term
| two basic categories of GI prokinetics and stimulants |
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Definition
| Dopaminergic antagonists and serotonergic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anti-inflammatory agents for inflammatory bowel issues |
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Definition
| prednisone, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, and olsalazine. |
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Term
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Definition
Dentrifice and cleansing products
Fluoride Products
Perioceutic agents
Tissue regeneration agents
Polishing paste
Disclosing solution |
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Term
| drug that inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of drugs, toxins, or chemicals by attracting and holding them to its surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blocking nerve impulse transmission through the parasympathetic nervous system; also called parasympatholytic. drugs may be used for the treatment of diarrhea or vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| An area in the brain that activates the vomiting center when stimulated by toxic substances in the blood. |
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Definition
| chemoreceptor trigger zone |
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Term
| Activated by or transmitted through acetylcholine; also called parasympathomimetic. Cholinergic drugs increase activity in the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| preparation for cleansing teeth that is available in a powder, paste, or liquid. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vomiting of blood (the vomitus often resembles coffee grounds). |
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Definition
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Term
| Dark or black stools that result from blood staining. Bleeding has occurred in the anterior part of the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| hormone secreted by cells in the duodenal mucosa that causes contraction of intestinal smooth muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell located in the gastric mucosa that secretes hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| wave of smooth muscle contraction that passes along a tubular structure (gastrointestinal or other) and moves the contents of that structure forward. |
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Definition
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Term
| Casting up of undigested or semidigested (ruminant) foodstuff from the esophagus or rumen. |
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Definition
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Term
| Periodic constriction of segments of the intestine without movement backward or forward; a mixing rather than a propulsive movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| An area in the medulla that may be stimulated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the cerebrum, or peripheral receptors to induce vomiting. |
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Definition
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Term
| functions if the GI tract |
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Definition
Takes food and fluid into the body
Absorbs nutrients and fluid
Excretes waste products |
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Term
| contains enzymes that begin the digestion of |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium bicarbonate is excreted by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| proventriculus (stomach) and ventriculus (gizzard) |
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Term
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Definition
removes water from the material,
forms certain vitamins in hind-gut fermenters (a part of the colon in rabbits and horses)
stores waste products |
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Term
| parasympathetic stimulation if GI tract causes |
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Definition
| increases intestinal motility (movement), increases intestinal secretions (release of fluid), and opens sphincters (muscles that open and close bodily openings) to allow food to move through the system. |
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Term
| sympathetic stimulation if the GI tract causes |
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Definition
| decreases motility and secretions, and closes sphincters. |
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Term
| emetic center is connected to what areas? Impulses from any of these areas can trigger vomiting. |
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Definition
| chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), the cortex, the pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Pain, excitement, or fear
Disturbances of the inner ear
Drugs—apomorphine, digoxin
Metabolic conditions (uremia and ketonemia (blood abnormalities], endotoxemia [sickness caused by internal toxins])
Irritation of peripheral receptors |
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Term
| don't give emetics to animals with these conditions |
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Definition
Are comatose or are actively having seizures
Have depressed pharyngeal (swallowing) reflexes due to heavy sedation or otherwise
Are in shock or are dyspneic (having difficulty breathing)
Have ingested strong acids, alkali agents, or other caustic agents that will cause more damage on the way back out |
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Term
| central and peripheral antiemetic activities of metoclopramide. |
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Definition
| Centrally, it blocks the CRTZ and peripherally, it increases stomach contractions and emptying, and strengthens cardiac (upper stomach) sphincter tone. |
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Term
| how antihistamines control vomiting in animals suffering from motion sickness or ear problems |
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Definition
| antihistamines act by blocking the CRTZ impulses to the emetic center and may cause sedation in some patients. |
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Term
| aminopentamide (Centrine), anticholinergics help with vomiting how? |
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Definition
| block the parasympathetic innervation and result in decreased gastrointestinal spasms, movements, and secretions. The drug aminopentamide helps block the CRTZ and acts through the peripheral nervous system (the system that connects muscles, glands, and receptors to the central nervous system [brain and spinal cord]) to stop vomiting. Gastric emptying is actually slowed, so this drug may actually increase the tendency to vomit. Anticholinergics can cause dry mucous membranes and urinary retention. |
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Term
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Definition
Hematemesis (vomiting of blood)
Lack of appetite
Pain
Melena (dark, tarry stools in their bowel movements) |
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Term
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Definition
Stress
Metabolic disease
Increased stomach acid secretion
Drug therapy (steroids or NSAIDS) |
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Term
| reacts indirectly with a large number of livermetabolized drugs, because it inhibits an enzyme found in the liver (the cytochrome p450 enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Parasites
Hypersecretion
Increased permeability
Osmotic overload (too much movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane)
Altered intestinal motility |
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