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Geology 105 Exam 3
Select the correct answer following the question.
46
Gardening
9th Grade
05/03/2011

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Term
What was the source of the pollutants responsible for the London smog crisis?
Definition
The stagnant weather conditions coupled with the number of homes burning coal and cars burning gasoline exceeded the atmospheres ability to remove or transform the pollutants.
Term
Why is the atmosphere such a convenient place to dispose of waste?
Definition
It is our fastest moving dynamic medium
Term
The primary source of sulfur dioxide emission is what?
Definition
The burning of fossil fuels.
Term
what are the adverse effects that we see due to sulfur dioxide?
Definition
Metal corrosion, damage to plants and to lungs; Nose, eye and throat irritation, suppression of plant growth
Term
What is the origin of atmospheric inversion?
Definition
This occurs when warm air overlies cool air.
Term
Why are cities in developing countries more likely to have air pollution problems?
Definition
Developing countries are trying to get on the level of developed countries to compete with their economies. To do this, they use any means necessary to achieve in the industrialization of their nation. This includes harming their environment in many ways without paying attention to the adverse effects.
Term
What is the source of most indoor air pollutants?
Definition
Insulation materials, wood products, poisonous gas due to poor ventilation, cleaning chemicals, etc.
Term
Is it true or false that a factory is a fugitive source of air pollution?
Definition
False; point source
Term
The major source of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emission is what?
Definition
Fossil fuel burning
Term
Anthropogenic means what?
Definition
This refers to something that is caused or produced by humans.
Term
What is a catalytic converter and what does it do?
Definition
Converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water; regulates automobile admissions
Term
What is the clean air act amendment of 1990?
Definition
Reduced carcinogens up to 90%, monitoring air pollution; Air Quality Index (AQI)
Term
In what way is soil color an indication of soil drainage?
Definition
Color depends on the amount of organic matter, iron oxides, & soil water retention; more aerated = good oxidizing conditions
Term
Soil cohesion is enhanced by presence of what?
Definition
Water
Term
What is hydraulic conductivity?
Definition
It is the ease of soil to allow water to move through.
Term
The shrink/swell potential of a soil is dependent upon what?
Definition
The tendency to lose or gain water
Term
Why does urbanization influence soil erosion?
Definition
Soil is scraped off and lost, changes of soil properties; Changes in surface run-off, sediment yield, and stream dynamic affecting soil and erosion.
Term
How do off road vehicles cause soil problems?
Definition
Cause changes in rates of soil erosion, hydrology, and habitats of plants and animals
Term
What does weathering mean?
Definition
Breaking down of soil through direct contact with Earth’s atmosphere
Term
What is an example of a high conductivity earth material?
Definition
Gravel
Term
What does peds mean?
Definition
Soil particles that cling together in aggregates
Term
What does materials management mean?
Definition
Combining sustainable use of materials with resources conservation
Term
What is composting?
Definition
Biochemical process in which organic waste is decomposed into humus-like material
Term
Why do we compost?
Definition
Used for intense farming
Term
The production of energy is a financial liability of ______________.
Definition
burning of waste
Term
What can we do with waste incineration?
Definition
Produce energy.
Term
___________ is the nasty juices from landfills.
Definition
Leachate
Term
What is the natural material we use the most of in sanitary landfills?
Definition
Compacted soil
Term
What is low hydraulic conductivity?
Definition
Term
What is a secure landfill?
Definition
Confine waste to a particular location, control leachate drainage, collect and treat leachate, detect possible leaks
Term
What is bio-persistence?
Definition
a measure of how long a particular material will remain in the atmosphere (biosphere), a good indicator of the usefulness of land application for disposal of a particular waste is the waste’s biopersistence
Term
The incineration of hazardous waste has improved our emissions of _________________.
Definition
toxic byproducts
Term
What is the love canal?
Definition
It is poster child of what happens with toxic waste in the environments.
Term
How has glacial ice helped in the study of climate change?
Definition
Carbon dioxide concentration
Term
What does inter-glacial mean?
Definition
It is the period we have or relatively few glaciers.
Term
What does the green house effect represent?
Definition
Trapping of heat by an actual green house; Global warming
Term
What effect does a large volcanic eruption typically have on the atmosphere?
Definition
Vast amounts of aerosol (aerosol reduces solar radiation to Earth’s surface); significant cooling contribution
Term
True or False: The greenhouse effect has affected global climate for millions of years.
Definition
True
Term
What is the Milankovich cycle.
Definition
Climate change = changes in long cycles separated by short cycles
First identified in the 1920’s; Long cycle: variability in Earth’s orbit around the sun; Short cycle: wobble effect on Earth’s axis
Term
what are the adverse effects that we see due to nitrogen dioxide?
Definition
The environmental effects of this are variable but include eye, nose, and throat irritation; increased susceptibility of animals and humans to infections; suppression of plant growth and damage to leaf tissue; and impaired visibility when the oxides re converted to their nitrate form in the atmosphere.
Term
Why was Time Beach, Missouri evacuated in 1983?
Definition
Contaminated with Dioxin from oil used to control dust
Term
What soil horizon is known as the zone of accumulation?
Definition
The B horizon; argillic, enriched with clay; o consists of a variety of materials translocated downward from overlying horizons
Term
What happened in Bhopal, India?
Definition
Gas leaked from pesticide plant
Term
What kind of air pollutants are automobiles?
Definition
Mobile
Term
2 major types of smog?
Definition
Photochemical and sulfurous
Term
Why was Eric the Red able to explore Greenland in the 10th century AD?
Definition
It was a Warm Climate Period
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