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General Anatomy
General Anatomy
211
Anatomy
Professional
09/04/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Shoulder Girdle
Definition
  • Rotator Cuff - "SITS"
  • Other
Term

Rotator cuff

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres Minor
  4. Subscapularis

SITS

Term

Supraspinatus

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition


    • Blood supply - Suprascapular A.
    • Innervation - Suprascapular N.
    • Action - ABduction
    • Origin/insertion - Supraspinous fossa of scapula / greater tubercle of humerus
Term

Infraspinatus

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Suprascapular A. 
  • Innervation - Suprascapular N.
  • Action - External (lateral) rotation
  • Origin/insertion - Infraspinous fossa of scapula / greater tubercle of humerus
Term

Teres Minor

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Scapular circumflex A.
  • Innervation - Axillary N.
  • Action - External (lateral) rotation
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral border of dorsal scapula / greater tubercle of humerus
Term

Subscapularis

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
    • Blood supply - Lateral thoracic & Subscapular A.
    • Innervation - Subscapular N.
    • Action - Internal (medial) rotation
    • Origin/insertion - Medial side of ventral scapula / lesser tuberosity of humerus
Term

Other

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  1. Latissimus dorsi
  2. Trapezius
  3. Rhomboid
  4. Serratus Anterior
  5. Deltoid
  6. Teres major
  7. Pectoralis minor
Term

Latissimus Dorsi

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Thoracodorsal N.
  • Action - Extension & Internal Rotation of arm
  • Origin/insertion - Thoracolumbar fascia, SP's of Lower thoracic & lumbar vertebrae / Floor of bicipital groove
Term

Trapezius

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - CN XI
  • Action - Shrugs shoulder, adducts scapula (retraction & rotation)
  • Origin/insertion - Superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, SP's of C7 & all thoracic vertebrae / Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
Term

Rhomboid

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Dorsal Scapular N.
  • Action - Scapular retration
  • Origin/insertion - 
    • minor - SP of C7 & T1 / scapula
    • major - SP of T2-T5 / scapula

 

Term

Serratus Anterior

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Long Thoracic N. of bell (wing, wing)
  • Action - Laterally rotates and protracts scapula
  • Origin/insertion - Ribs 1-9 / Scapula medial border

 

Term

Deltoid

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Axillary N.
  • Action - ABduction of arm
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral Clavicle, Acromion & scapular spine / Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

 

Term

Teres Major

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Lower subscapular N.
  • Action - Extends, ADducts & internally (medial) rotates arm
  • Origin/insertion - Scapula (inf angle) / medial lip of bicipital groove
Term

Pectoralis minor

(Shoulder Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Descending scapular A.
  • Innervation - Medial & lateral pectoral N's
  • Action - 
    • Protracts scapula
    • Scapula is fixed it raises ribs
  • Origin/insertion - Anterior ribs 3-5 / coracoid process

 

Term
Anterior & Posterior Arm compartments
Definition
  • Anterior
    1. Biceps Brachii
    2. Brachialis
    3. Brachioradialis
    4. Coracobrachialis
    5. Pronator teres
  • Posterior
    1. Triceps
    2. Anconeus
Term

Biceps Brachii

(Anterior Arm)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Musculocutaneous N.
  • Action - Flexes elbow & supinates forearm
  • Origin/insertion - 
    • Short head - coracoid process (scapula) / radial tuberosity
    • Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)  / radial tuberosity
Term

Brachialis

(Anterior Arm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Musculocutaneous N.
  • Action - Flexes elbow
  • Origin/insertion - Distal half of Humerus / coranoid process & ulnar tuberosity
Term

Brachioradialis

(Anterior Arm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Radial N.
  • Action - Flexes elbow
  • Origin/insertion - Distal Humerus / Styloid process of radius
Term

Coracobrachialis

(Anterior Arm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Musculocutaneous N.
  • Action - Flexes & ADducts humerus
  • Origin/insertion - Coracoid proces (scapula) / Middle 1/3 medial humerus
Term

Pronator Teres

(Anterior Arm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N.
  • Action - Pronates forearm
  • Origin/insertion - Humeral head & ulnar head / lateral radius
Term

Triceps

(Posterior Arm)

Definition

 

 

  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Radial N.
  • Action - Extends elbow
  • Origin/insertion - see below / olecranon of ulna
    • Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) 
    • Medial head - Posterior humerus, distal to radial groove
    • Lateral head - Posterior humerus, proximal to radial groove

 

Term

Anconeus 

(posterior arm)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Radial N.
  • Action - Extends elbow
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral epicondyle (humerus) / olecranon of ulna
Term
Anterior & Posterior Forearm
Definition
  • Anterior
    1. Biceps brachii
    2. Flexor radialis
    3. Flexor carpi ulnaris (2)
    4. Flexor digitorum profundus
    5. Pronator teres
    6. Flexor pollicis longus
    7. Palmaris longus
  • Posterior
    1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
    2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
    3. Extensor carpi ulnaris
Term

Biceps brachii

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Brachial A.
  • Innervation - Musculocutaneous N.
  • Action - Flexes elbow & supinates forearm
  • Origin/insertion - 
    • Short head - coracoid process (scapula) / radial tuberosity
    • Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)  / radial tuberosity
Term

Flexor carpi radialis

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N.
  • Action - Flexion & ABduction of hand
  • Origin/insertion - medial epicondyle of humerus / Base of 2nd MC
Term

Flexor carpi ulnaris

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Ulnar N.
  • Action - Flexion & ADduction of hand
  • Origin/insertion - 
    • humeral head: medial epicondyle / pisiform, hook of hamate & base of 5th MC
    • ulnar head: olecranon / pisiform, hook of hamate & base of 5th MC

 

Term

Flexor digitorum profundis

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N. & Ulnar N.
  • Action - Flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, & DIP joints of 2nd-5th digits
  • Origin/insertion - ulna (2/3 anterior surface) & interosseus membrane / DP of 2-5 digits (palmer surface)

 

Term

Pronator teres

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N.
  • Action - Flex elbow & pronate forearm
  • Origin/insertion - Medial epicondyle & coronoid process / lateral radius 
Term

Flexor pollicis longus

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N.
  • Action - Flexes distal thumb
  • Origin/insertion - Radius & adjacent interosseous membrane / distal phalanx of thumb (palmer surface)
Term

Palmaris longus

(Anterior Forearm)

Definition
  • Blood Supply - Ulnar A.
  • Innervation - Median N.
  • Action - Wrist flexor
  • Origin/insertion - Medial epicondyle of humerus / Palmar aponeurosis
Term

Extensor carpi Radialis longus

(posterior forearm)

Definition
  • Innervation - Radial N.
  • Action - Extends & ABducts wrist 
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral supracondylar ridge / 2nd MC (base)
Term

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

(Posterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Innervation - Radial N.
  • Action - Extends & ABducts wrist 
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral epicondyle / 3rd MC (base)

 

Term

Extensor Capi Ulnaris

(Posterior Forearm)

Definition

 

  • Innervation - Posterior Interosseous N.
  • Action - Extends & ADducts wrist 
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral epicondyle / 5th MC (base)
Term
Pelvic Girdle Muscles
Definition
  1. Levator ani
  2. Coccygeus
  3. Tranverse perinei profundus
  4. Schincter ani externus
Term

Levator Ani 

(Pelvic Girdle)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Internal Pudendal & Inferior Rectal A.'s
  • Innervation - Pudendal plexus 
  • Action - Constricts rectum & vaginal cavity
  • Origin/insertion - Pubis & ischial spine / coccyx
Term

Coccygeus

(Pelvic Girdle)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Internal Pudendal, Inferior Rectal & inferior gluteal A.'s
  • Innervation - Pudendal plexus 
  • Action -Pulls forward & supports coccyx
  • Origin/insertion - ischial spine / coccyx

 

Term

Transverse Perinei profundus

(Pelvic Girdle)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Internal Pudendal A.
  • Innervation - Branch of Pudendal N.
  • Action -
    • Male - Assists perineal body, helps schincter action & supports prostate
    • Female - Assists perineal body, helps schincter action & supports vagina
  • Origin/insertion -
    • Male - ischial rami / medial tendinous raphe
    • Female - ischial rami / sides of vagina
Term

Schincter ani externus 

(Pelvic Girdle)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Inferior Rectal & Transverse perineal A.'s
  • Innervation - Branches of Pudendal N.
  • Action - contracts orifice
  • Origin/insertion - Anococcygeal raphe / surround anal canal
Term
Anterior Thigh
Definition
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Vastus intermedius
  5. Sartorius
  6. Iliopsoas
Term

Rectus femoris

(Anterior Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - Hip flexion, knee extension
  • Origin/insertion - AIIS / tibial tuberosity
Term

Vastus lateralis

(Anterior Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - knee extension
  • Origin/insertion - Linea aspera & greater trochanter / lateral quadriceps tendon
Term

 

Vastus medialis

(Anterior Thigh)

 

Definition
  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - knee extension
  • Origin/insertion - Linea aspera / medial quadriceps tendon
Term

 

Vastus intermedious

(Anterior Thigh)

 

Definition
  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - knee extension
  • Origin/insertion - Femur / Tibial tuberosity
Term

 

Sartorius

(Anterior Thigh)

 

Definition
  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - Flexes, ABducts, externally rotates hip; flexes & internally rotates knee
  • Origin/insertion - ASIS / Tibia (pes anserine) 
Longest muscle
Term

 

Iliopsoas

(Anterior Thigh)

 

Definition

Iliacus + Psoas

  • Blood supply - Femoral A.
  • Innervation - Femoral N.
  • Action - hip flexion
Term
Which 2 anterior thigh muscles cross hip & knee joint?
Definition

Sartorius & rectus femoris 

"tailor's muscle"

Term
Medial Thigh Muscles
Definition
  1. Adductors 
  2. Gracilis
  3. Pectineus
Term

Adductors

(Medial Thigh)

Definition

Adductor Brevis, Longus & Magnus

  • Blood supply - Obturator A.
  • Innervation - Obturator N.
  • Action - ADducts leg
  • Origin/insertion - Inferior ramus & body of pubis / linea aspera
Term

Gracilis

(Medial Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Obturator A.
  • Innervation - Obturator N.
  • Action - ADducts hip & flexes knee
  • Origin/insertion - Pubic ramus / tibia (pes anserine) 
Term

Pectineus

(Medial Thigh)

Definition

Overlies Adductor brevis & longus

  • Blood supply - Obturator A.
  • Innervation - Femoral & Obturator N.
  • Action - ADducts, laterally rotates & flexes hip
  • Origin/insertion - Inferior ramus & body of pubis / linea aspera
Term

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Definition
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
Term

Biceps Femoris

(Posterior Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Deep femoral A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. (short head = common fibular N.)
  • Action - Extends hip; Flexes & externally rotates knee
  • Origin/insertion -
    • Long head - ischial tuberosity / fibular head
    • Short head - linea aspera / fibular head
Term

Semitendinosus

(Posterior Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Deep femoral A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - Extends hip; Flexes & internally rotates knee
  • Origin/insertion - ischial tuberosity / tibia (pes anserinus)
Term

 

Semimembranosus

(Posterior Thigh)

 

Definition
  • Blood supply - Deep femoral A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - Extends hip; Flexes & internally rotates knee
  • Origin/insertion - ischial tuberosity / Medial tibial condyle
Term
Lateral Thigh Muscles
Definition
  1. TFL
  2. Gluteus medius, minimus
  3. Gluteus maximus
Term

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)

(Lateral Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Inferior Gluteal A.
  • Innervation - Superior Gluteal N. 
  • Action - ABduction, flexion & internal rotation of hip
  • Origin/insertion - ASIS / Iliotibial (IT) band
Term

Gluteus medius, minimus

(Lateral Thigh)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Inferior Gluteal A.
  • Innervation - Superior Gluteal N. 
  • Action - ABduction & medial rotation of hip
  • Origin/insertion - Ilium / Greater trochanter (med - lateral; min - anteriolateral)
Term

Gluteus maximus

(Lateral Thigh)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Inferior Gluteal A.
  • Innervation - Inferior Gluteal N. 
  • Action - Extension & lateral rotation of hip
  • Origin/insertion - Ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & coccyx / Gluteal tuberosity (part of upper fibers - IT Band)

 

Term
Anterior Leg Muscles
Definition
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Extensor hallucis longus
Term

Tibialis Anterior

(Anterior Leg)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Anterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Deep Peroneal N. (AKA anterior tibial)
  • Action - Dorsiflexion & inversion of foot
  • Origin/insertion - Tibia / medial cuneiform & 1st MT 
Term

Extensor digitorum longus

(Anterior Leg)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Anterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Deep Peroneal N. (AKA anterior tibial)
  • Action - Dorsiflexion & eversion of foot; extension of 2nd-5th toes
  • Origin/insertion - Fibula / 2-5 base of distal phalanges

 

Term

 

Extensor hallucis longus

(Anterior Leg)

 

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Anterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Deep Peroneal N. (AKA anterior tibial)
  • Action - extension of big toe
  • Origin/insertion - Fibula / 1st toe base of distal phalanx

 

Term
Posterior Leg Muscles
Definition
  1. Gastrocnemius (2)
  2. Soleus
  3. Popliteus
  4. Plantaris
Term

Gastrocnemius 

(Posterior Leg Muscles)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Posterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - Knee flexion & plantar flexion
  • Origin/insertion - Femur (medial & lateral epicondyles) / Calcaneal tuberosity 
Term

Soleus

(Posterior Leg Muscles)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Posterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - plantar flexes foot
  • Origin/insertion - Fibula & tibia / Calcaneal tuberosity 

 

Term

Popliteus

(Posterior Leg Muscles)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Posterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - Knee flexion & internal rotation
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral femoral condyle / Posterior tibia

 

Term

Plantaris

(Posterior Leg Muscles)

Definition

 

  • Blood supply - Posterior Tibial A.
  • Innervation - Tibial N. 
  • Action - Knee flexion & plantar flexion
  • Origin/insertion - Lateral femur / Calcaneal tuberosity 

 

Term
Lateral Leg Muscles
Definition
  1. Peroneus longus 
  2. Peroneus brevis
Term

Peroneus Longus 

(Lateral Leg)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Anterior Tibial (peroneal) A.
  • Innervation - Superficial peroneal (fibular) N. 
  • Action - Plantar flexion & eversion
  • Origin/insertion - Fibula / medial cuneiform & base 1st MT
Term

Peroneus brevis

(Lateral Leg)

Definition
  • Blood supply - Anterior Tibial (peroneal) A.
  • Innervation - Superficial peroneal (fibular) N. 
  • Action - Plantar flexion & eversion
  • Origin/insertion - Fibula / base 5th MT 
Term
Agonist
Definition
Prime movers
Term
Synergistic 
Definition
supports movement 
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Opposite movers
Term
Myoblasts
Definition
Embryonic cell that develops into smooth, cardiac & skeletal muscle
Term
Mesodermal "blocks" that lead to skeletal muscle
Definition

Mesodermal blocks = somites

 

Somites that produce skeletal muscle are myotomes

Term
Mesodermal blocks (AKA somites) --> myotome --> ...
Definition
myoblasts
Term
Skeletal muscles characteristics
Definition
  • Striated
  • Multinucleated
Term
Cardiac muscle characteristics
Definition
  • striated
  • uni-nucleated @ intercalated disc (seperates opposing cardiac m. cells)
Term
Smooth muscle characteristics 
Definition
  • spindle shaped w/ central nuclei
Term
Functional (movement) joint classes
Definition
  1. Synarthrosis (immovable)
  2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
  3. Diarthrosis (freely movable)
Term

Synarthrosis 

(Functional or movement joint class)

Definition
  1. Sutures - bones of skull, hard palate
  2. Gomphoses - teeth, styloid process in temporal bone
  3. Synchondroses - epiphyseal plate
Term

Amphiarthrosis

(Functional or movement joint class)

Definition
  1. Syndesmoses - interosseus membrane (b/w shafts of ulna & radius, tibia & fibula)
  2. Symphysis - pubic symphysis, IVD, manubriosternal joint
Term

 

Diarthrosis

(Functional or movement joint class)

 

Definition
  1. Hinge (AKA ginglymus) - knee, elbow, phalanges, TMJ
  2. Pivot (AKA trochoid) - atlantoaxial joint (median) & proximal radioulnar
  3. Gliding (AKA plane) - b/w carpals & tarsals, costovertebral joints
  4. Saddle (AKA sella) - 1st CMC
  5. Ellipsoid (AKA condyloid) - Radiocarpal & atlantooccipital joint. 
  6. Ball & Socket (AKA spheroid) - hip & shoulder (allows greatest ROM)
Term
Structural joint classes
Definition
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Ligamentous & Synovial Joints
Term

Fibrous

(Structural joint)

Definition
  1. Sutures (Synostosis) - skull
  2. Gomphoses - teeth (b/w tooth & gum)
  3. Syndesmoses - intraosseous membrane
Term

Cartilaginous

(Structural joint)

Definition
  1. Synchondrosis (primary cartilage) - Epiphyseal plates (bones joined by hyaline cartilage)
  2. Symphysis (secondary cartilage) - symphysis pubis, IVD (bones joined by fibrocartilage)

All midline joints are secondary cartilaginous EXCEPT atlantodental (trochoid/pivot joint)

Term

 

Ligamentous & Synovial Joints

(Structural joint)

 

Definition
  1. Hinge (ginglymus)
  2. pivot (trochoid) 
  3. gliding (planar) 
  4. ellipsoid (condylar) 
  5. saddle (sellar) 
  6. ball & socket (spheroidal)
Term
Axes of movement classification of joints
Definition
  1. Uniaxial
  2. Biaxial
  3. Multiaxial
Term
Uniaxial Joint
Definition
  • 1 plane (flexion/extension)
Term
Biaxial Joint
Definition
  • 2 planes (flexion/extension & internal/external rotation)
Term
Multiaxial Joint
Definition
  • More than 2 planes (flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, ADduction/ABduction and/or circumduction)
Term
What 2 bones make up the Coronal suture?
Definition
Frontal & parietal
Term
Shoulder Ligaments
Definition
  1. Articular capsule: rim of glenoid fossa --> humerus
    • Anterior support for capsule
      • Coracohumeral ligament: coracoid --> greater tubercle of humerus
      • Glenohumeral ligament: made of 3 ligaments that stabilize anterior side of GH joint
        • Superior GH lig. 
        • Middle GH lig.
        • Inferior GH lig. 
  2. Acromioclavicular: acromion --> clavical
  3. Coracoacromial: coracoid process --> acromion
  4. Coracoclavicular: coracoid process --> clavicle
  5. Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilage rib around glenoid fossa
Term

Elbow Ligaments

Definition
  1. Ulnar collateral ligament: medial epicondyle of humerus --> trochlear notch (medial aspect of ulna)
  2. Radial collateral ligament:  lateral epicondyle of humerus --> radial head
Term
Sprain
Definition
ligament damage
Term
Strain
Definition
muscle/tendon damage
Term
Knee ligaments
Definition
  1. Patellar ligament: patella --> tibial tuberosity (location of Osgood Schlatter's disease)
  2. Lateral & medial collateral ligaments
    • LCL - lateral epicondyle of femur --> head of fibula
    • MCL - medial epicondyle of femur --> medial condyle of femur & upper medial tibia
  3. Lateral & medial menisci: seperate femoral & tibial condyles (prevent side to side movement & shock absorber)
  4. Anterior Cruciate ligament: anterior intercondylar ridge --> posterior medial aspect of lateral condyle (femur)
  5. Posterior Cruciate ligamentposterior intercondylar ridge --> anterior lateral aspect of medial condyle (femur)
Term
"Unhappy Triad"
Definition
  • Medial meniscus
  • Anterior cruciate ligament
  • Medial collateral ligament
MAM = unhappy triad (lateral meniscus more common than medial)
Term
Hip Ligaments
Definition

Intra-articular

  1. Round ligament of the head of femur: acetabulum --> fovea centralis of femur

Extra-articular

  1. Iliofemoral ligament: AIIS --> intertrochanteric line
  2. Pubofemoral ligament: Superior pubic ramus --> intertrochanteric line
  3. Ischiofemoral ligament: Ischium --> intertrochanteric line

 Acetabular labrum: Horseshoe-spaped fibrocartilage goes around acetabular rim to deepen acetabulum

 

Term
Foot & Ankle Ligaments
Definition
  1. Deltoid (4 part ligament): medial malleolus --> tarsus (talus, navicular & calcaneus)
    • Anterior & Posterior Tibiotalar ligament
    • Tibionavicular ligament
    • Tibiocalcaneus ligament
  2. Lateral ligaments: lateral malleolus --> tarsus
    • Anterior talofibular
    • Posterior talofibular
    • Calcaneofibular

Deltoid ligament "strongest ligament"


Lateral ligament "Most commoly injured"

Term
Spring Ligament (AKA..
Definition

..Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament)

  • Sustentaculum tali (calcaneus) --> navicular

maintains longitudinal arch

Term
Name the 3 parts of the lateral ligament...
Definition
  • Anterior & posterior Talofibular ligament
  • Calcaneofibular ligament
Term
Endochondral ossification 
Definition

Cartilage is replaced by bone


(Cartilage is present)

Term

Intramembranous ossification 

Definition
bone tissue is created (no cartilage present)
Term
Compact bone (AKA..
Definition

Lamellar bone)

  • forms Haversian canal
Term
Haversian canal (AKA...
Definition

..Central canal)

  • core of osteon (basic unit of compact bone)
Term
Lacunae are b/w
Definition
lamellae
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature cells in lacunae
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
  • Allows osteocytes in lacunae to "talk" w/ each other
Term
Cancellous bone (AKA..
Definition
..Spongy bone)
Term
In bones the most metabolic activity is in the...
Definition
Metaphysis
Term
Periosteum feels..
Definition
Pain
Term
Hydroxyapatite 
Definition

Major inorganic component of bone

Term
Osteoblast
Definition

makes (Builds) bone

 

blast = Builds 

Term
Osteoclast
Definition
breaks down / reabsorbs bone
Term
Oral cavity & anal canal cells..
Definition
Stratified squamous cells
Term
Striated & multinucleated = ______ muscles
Definition
Skeletal
Term
Neurotransmitter storage at ..
Definition
Terminal button
Term
Nerve & skin embryo (derived from)..
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
 Ex. of Saddle joint
Definition
1st MCP joint (thumb)
Term
Example of Sella joint
Definition

1st MCP joint (thumb)

Term
Ellipsoid joint (AKA _____ joint)
Definition
Condylar
Term
Ex. of Pivot joint
Definition
Atlantodental (median atlantoaxial) joint 
Term
IVD is example of ________ (cartilaginous) joint
Definition
Symphysis
Term
Hip is ex. of what type of synovial joint?
Definition
Spheroid 
Term

Teeth are ex. of what type of fibrous joint?

Definition
Gomphosis
Term
Hinge joint (AKA ______ joint)
Definition
Ginglymus
Term
Foregut supplied by what nerve and is made up of what?
Definition
  • supplied by Celiac trunk
  • esophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum
Term

Midgut supplied by what nerve and is made up of what?

Definition
  • supplied by superior mesenteric A.
  • Distal half of Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Ascending Colon, Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Term

Hindgut supplied by what nerve and is made up of what?

Definition
  • supplied by Inferior mesenteric A.
  • Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum 
Term

Allantois' is made up of what?

Definition
  • urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate & urethral glands
Term
Ligament that resists anterior translation & medial rotation of tibia, in relation to femur
Definition
ACL
Term
Ligament that prevents femur from sliding off anterior edge of tibia & prevents tibia from displacing posterior to femur
Definition
PCL
Term
Ligament that resists forces that would push knee medially
Definition
MCL
Term
Ligament that distributes over 50% of the medial support of the elbow
Definition
Ulnar (Medial) Collatoral Ligament
Term
Ligament that protects elbow joint from twisting forces generated in pitching, serving a tennis ball or throwing a javelin
Definition

Ulnar (Medial) Collatoral Ligament

Term
Ligament that remains taut throughout extension & flexion of the joint
Definition

Radial (Lateral) Collatoral Ligament

Term
Ligament that wraps around head of radius & attached to ulna, stabilizes radius in radial notch & allows for rotating hand
Definition

Annular ligament

Term
Portal triad
Definition
  1. Hepatic A.
  2. Hepatic Portal V.
  3. Common bile duct
Term
Connects ciliary body w/ crystaline lens of eye
Definition
Zonule of Zinn
Term
Scapular Processes
Definition
  • Spine of scapula - Root at T3
  • Acromion - most lateral, superior border
  • Coracoid process - 3 muscles attach here:
    • Pectoralis minor
    • Coracobrachialis
    • short head of Biceps Brachii 
  • Scapular Notch - superior border
Term
Clavicular Processes
Definition
  • Conoid process
    • Coracoclavicular ligament attaches here
    • Clavicle is first bone to begin ossification, one of the last to finish
Term
Humeral processes
Definition
  • Greater tubercle - "SIT" attachment
  • Lesser tubercle - Subscapular m. attachment
  • Deltoid tuberosity - Roughened attachment surface for deltoid m.
  • Intertubercular groove - location of bicipital tendon 
  • Medial epicondyle - traversed by the Ulnar N.
  • Lateral epicondyle - Groove for Radial N.
  • Capitulum - Articulates w/ Radius
  • Trochlea - articulates w/ Ulna
  • Olecranon fossa - houses olecranon process of ulna
Term
Bicipital tendon is keep in intertubercular groove by what ligament?
Definition
Transverse humeral ligament
Term
If you fracture humeral neck you could damage what nerve?
Definition
Axillary N.
Term

If you fracture humeral shaft you could damage what nerve?

Definition
Radial N.
Term

Radial processes

Definition
  • Fovea (of radial head)- depression on head
  • Radial tuberosity - attachment for biceps m.
  • Ulnar Notch - articulates w/ ulna
  • Radial Styloid process - @ wrist
  • Lister's tubercle - locator for lunate
Term
Ulnar process
Definition
  • Olecranon process - Elbow (during extension is placed into olecranon fossa of humerus)
  • semilunar notch (AKA trochlear notch) - Elbow (formed by olecranon & coronoid process, articulates w/ trochlea of humerus)
  • Coronoid process - Anterior border of Ulna @ Elbow 
  • Radial notch - articular depression on Lateral coronoid process
  • Head of ulna - @ wrist
  • Ulnar styloid process - seperates ulna & carpals
Term
Carpal bones
Definition
  • Proximal row-
    • Scaphoid (AKA navicular), Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform
  • Distal row -
    • Trapezium (AKA > multangular), Trapezoid (AKA < multangular), Capitate, Hamate

"Some Ladies Try Positions That They Can't Handle"

Term
Medial Carpal bones (Ulnar side)
Definition
  1. Hamate
  2. Pisiform
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Lunate
Term

Lateral Carpal bones (Radial side)

Definition
  1. Trapezium - under the thumb
  2. Trapezoid
  3. Scaphoid
  4. Capitate
Term
Snuff box borders
Definition
  • Anterior: ABductor pollicis longus & Extensor pollicis brevis (tendons)
  • Posterior: Extensor pollicis longus (tendon)
  • Roof: skin
  • Floor: scaphoid bone 
  • Contains: radial N.
Term
Medial border of "snuff box"
Definition
Extensor pollicis longus tendon
Term
Nerve that passes through Tunnel of Guyon..
Definition
Ulnar N.
Term

Nerve that passes through Tarsal tunnel..

Definition

Tibial N. 

  • in the tarsal tunnel the Tibia N. splits into 3 nerves:
    1. Calcaneal N.
    2. Lateral Plantar N.
    3. Medial Plantar N.
Term
Nodes associated with MCP, PIP & DIP w/ the diseases that affect them
Definition
  • MCP = Haygarth's nodes (OA)
  • PIP = Bouchard's nodes (OA or RA)
  • DIP = Heberden's nodes (RA)

If all three are affected = Ray sign --> Psoriatic Arthritis

Term
Artery Quiz (need pic)
Definition
  1. Celiac trunk (a. Left gastric A., b. Splenic A.,        c. Common hepatic A.)
  2. Superior mesenteric A. (a. Pancreatic duodenal A., b. Middle Colic A., c. Right colic A., d. Iliocolic A.,   e. Intestinal A. consisting of Jejunal & Ileal)
  3. Right renal A.
  4. Left renal A.
  5. Right gonadal A.
  6. Left gonadal A.
  7. Inferior mesenteric A. (a. Left colic A., b. Sigmoid A., c. Superior rectal A.)
  8. Common Iliac A.
  9. Common Iliac A.
  10. External Iliac A.
  11. External Iliac A.
  12. Internal Iliac A.
  13. Internal Iliac A.
  14. Middle sacral A.
Term
Ilium processes
Definition
  • Illiopectineal Line - makes up one side (half) of the pelvic inlet
    • made up of the arcuate & pectineal lines.
  • Greater Sciatic Notch - medial posterior location, Sciatic N. passes through
  • Posterior Gluteal Line - look up a little more--> there are 3 gluteal lines
Term
Ischial processes
Definition
  • Lesser Sciatic Notch - Pudendal N. passes through
  • Ischial Tuberosity - bears weight of body when we sit
Term
Pubic processes 
Definition
  • Obturator Foramen - large opening created by pubic & ishium bones.
Term
Femoral processes
Definition
  • Acetabulum - made up of Ilium, ischium and pubis bones
  • Greater Trochanter - lateral femur location
  • Lesser Trochanter - medial femur location
  • Intertrochanteric Line & Crest - line b/w trochanters
  • Linea Aspera - roughed surface posterior aspect of femur (inferior to gluteal tuberosity)
    • has lateral & medial lip
  • ADductor Tubercle - located on medial condyle, attachment of ADductor magnus m.
Term

Tibial processes

Definition
  • Intercondylar Eminence - eminance of medial surface of both tibial condyles
  • Tibial Tuberosity - patellar ligament attaches here
  • Medial Malleolus - formed by distal tibia
  • Soleal (popliteal) Line - upper posterior 1/3 of tibia extending obliquely down. Serves as insertion for popliteal m.
Term

Fibular processes

Definition
  • Head - proximal fibular, lateral leg. Common peroneal (fibular) N. wraps around fibular head
  • Lateral Malleolus - formed by distal fibula
Term
Foot Tarsals (contains _ bones)
Definition

7

  • Calcaneus
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • 1st Cuneiform (AKA medial)
  • 2nd Cuneiform (AKA intermediate or middle)
  • 3rd Cuneiform (AKA lateral)
  • Cuboid
Term
Bone that articulars primarily w/ superior aspect of talus?
Definition
Tibia
Term
Anterior cuboid articulates w/ ..
Definition
4th & 5th MT's
Term

Heart 

Averages __ beats/min; __ - ___mL of blood every beat

Definition
75 beats/min ; 70-80mL blood/beat
Term
Right Atrium
Definition
  • Right auricle - located superior corner of atrium
  • Pectinate (rough) muscle & smooth muscle seperated by ridge called Crista terminalis
  • Right heart border
Term
Right Ventricle
Definition
  • Anterior surface of heart (majority)
  • Inferior heart border
  • Trabeculae carneae - ridges/muscular columns on inner surface
Term
Left Atrium
Definition
  • oxygen rich blood (from lungs)
  • Openings of 4 pulmonary veins (from lungs)
  • Posterior surface (majority)
Term
Left ventricle 
Definition
  • Pumps to Aorta
  • Apex of heart
  • Left heart border (along w/ left auricle)
  • Trabeculae carneae - ridges/muscular columns on inner surface
Term

4 heart valves

(in circulation order)

Definition
  1. Tricuspid - right atrium to right ventricle
  2. Pulmonary - right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
  3. Mitral - left atrium to left ventricle
  4. Aortic - left ventricle to ascending aorta
Term
Heart valve leaflets are attached to ______ muscles by fibrous cords called _____ ______.
Definition
Papillary muscles ; chorda tendinae
Term
Heart is supplied by 2 branches that arise from ascending aorta
Definition
  • Right coronary A.
  • Left coronary A.
Term
Branches off the External Carotid
Definition

Superior Thyroid, Ascending pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital, Posterior Auricular

(arteries)

  • Terminates: Superficial temporal A.'s & Maxillary A.

"Save A Lady Falling Out (of a) Plane Super Man"

Term

Branches off the Ascending Aorta & Aortic Arch

Definition

Coronary A.'s, Brachiocephalic (Right Common Carotid A. & Right subclavian A.), Left Common Carotid A., Left subclavian A.

Term
Branches off Abdominal Aorta
Definition
  • Celiac trunk 
    • Left gastric
    • Common Hepatic
    • Splenic
  • Superior Mesenteric A 
    • Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal 
    • Intestinal
    • Ileocolic
    • Right Colic
    • Middle Colic
  • Inferior Mesenteric A. 
    • Left Colic
    • Sigmoid
    • Superior rectal
Term

Mediastinum

(intrapleural space in the thorax)

Definition
  1. Superior mediastinum
    • Location (boundaries) - 1st rib --> sternal angel -->T4-T5 Disc
    • Contents - SVC (upper 1/2), Arch of Aorta, trachea, internal thoracic A. & V, Brachiocephlaic A & V, Left Common Carotid A, Subclavian, Thoracic duct, esophagus, thyroid, vagus N., Left recurrent laryngeal N., Thymic remnants & phrenic N.
  2. Anterior mediastinum
    • Location - Anterior to Pericardium
    • Contents - Thymic remnants (commonly in Sup. Mediastinum), Lymph nodes, fat & loose c.t. and sternopericardial ligaments
  3. Middle mediastinum
    • Location - b/w right & left pleural cavities
    • Contents - Heart, pericardium, Ascending Aorta, SVC (lower 1/2), Right & Left pulmonary A's & V's, phrenic N., Great Vessels, Arch of the Azygous V. & Main bronchi
  4. Posterior mediastinum
    • Location - poterior to pericardium (b/w mediastinal pleurae)
    • Contents - Esophagus, Descending Thoracic Aorta, Azygous & Hemiazygous V., Assessory Azygous V's, Thoracic duct, Sympathetic trunk, Splanchnic & Vagus N's
Term
Spleen
Definition
  • lymphatic organ
  • Stores - RBC's
  • Produces - Lymphocytes & antibodies
  • Contains - Both red pulp (RBC's) & white pulp (lymphocytes)
Term
Components of a nerve
Definition
  1. Dendrites - "tree branches"
  2. Cell Body (AKA Perikaryon or Soma) - contains nucleus
  3. Axon - "impulse generator"
  4. Terminal button - neurotransmitter stored here
Term
________ is needed to release neurotransmitter
Definition
Calcium
Term
Ectoderm, Endoderm & Mesoderm makes up
Definition
  • Ectoderm - epithelial cells of skin & nervous tissue
  • Endoderm - epithelial cells that line resporatory & digestive systems
  • Mesoderm - everything else
Term
Sclerotome forms 
Definition
Vertebral column
Term
Myotome forms
Definition
Muscle
Term
Dermatomes form
Definition
dermis of the skin / peripheral nerves
Term
Nerve & skin are from which embryological layer?
Definition
Ectoderm
Term

Respiratory & Gut are from which embryological layer?

Definition
Endoderm
Term

Oral cavity & Pharynx

Definition
  • initiates digestive process
  • Saliva
    • 60-70% saliva from submandibular gland 
    • 20-30% saliva from parotid gland
Term
Mesenteries of digestive sys
Definition
  • double fold peritoneum transmits vessels, nerves & lymph tissue
Term
Peritoneal Ligaments
Definition
  • Falciform ligament- Left lobe of liver --> diaphragm
  • Coronary ligament- Right lobe of liver --> diaphragm
  • Ligamentum venosum --> lies in liver fissure (remnant of ductus venosus)
Term
Lesser & Greater Omentum
Definition
  • Lesser Omentum - Extends from liver to lesser curve of stomach
  • Greater Omentum - extends from greater curve of stomach to Transverse Colon
Term
Stomach
Definition
  • Structures - cardia, fundus, body & pylorus
    • Curves - greater & lessser
    • Pyloric orifice - sphincter
  • Rugae - Mucous lining with many folds
  • Cells
    • Parietal (AKA oxyntic) - secretes HCl & IF
    • Chief (AKA zymogenic) - secretes Pepsinogen
    • Ghrelin - stimulate hunger
Term
Small Intestine (consists of..
Definition

Duodenum (~10 inch) --> Jejunum (~8 ft) --> Ileum (~12 ft)

  • Brush Border - Inc. surface area for absorption
  • Plicae Circulare - folds
  • Epithelial cells - make CCK (cholecystokinin)
Term
Large intestine consists of...
Definition
  1. Cecum - blind pouch
    • Appendix - hollow
  2. Colon - ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid
  3. Rectum & Anus - Columns of Morgangi for Expansion
Term
Liver
Definition
  • Lobes
    • Right: Anterior & posterior segments
    • Left: divided into caudate & quadrate lobes (meidal & lateral segments)
  • Produces - bile, (RBC's in fetus)
  • Filters & detoxifies blood, involved in protein synthesis
  • Stores - glycogen, vitamins, iron & copper
Term
Liver is the largest _____ organ & largest _____ in the entire body
Definition
Visceral organ; gland
Term
Falciform ligament contains...
Definition
Round ligament (AKA ligamentum teres) - anterior aspect
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
  • bile secreted when stimulated by CCK
  • Bile emulsifies fat
Term
Gallbladder contracts to expel _____
Definition
Bile
Term
Common hepatic duct made up of ...
Definition
Right & Left Hepatic ducts
Term
Common hepatic duct + cystic duct =
Definition
Common bile duct
Term
Retroperitoneal List
Definition
  • Duodenum, Ascending Colon, Ureters, Pancreas, Suprarenals, Descending Colon, Aorta, Kidneys, Rectum, Inferior vena cava

D CUPS DAKRI

Term
Sinuses
Definition
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Maxillary

FASM

Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
Roof (cribiform plate), floor & walls
Term
Larynx (pharynx --> trachea)
Definition
  • Carilages - thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneifrom
  • Ligaments - vocal, vestibular & conus elasticus
  • Folds - (true vocal chords) controls the stream of air
Term
Nasopharyn is closed by what 2 muscles during swallowing?
Definition
Mylohyoid & digastic muscles
Term
Palatoglossus
Definition
innervated by CN X & houses palatine tonsils
Term
Esophagus
Definition
  • acts as a sphincter for food passage (bolus)
  • made up of Smooth & skeletal muscle
Term
Trachea
Definition
  • 16-20 cartilaginous rings from cricoid to bronchi (T4-T5 level)
  • Carina - marks division of trachea into primary bronchi (origin of cough reflex)
Term
Bronchi
Definition

Right - shorter, wider & verticle

Left - longer, narrower & horizontal

Term
Lungs
Definition
  • Right - 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) seperated by oblique & horizontal fissures
  • Left - 2 lobes (upper, lower) divided by oblique fissure
    • upper lobe (cardiac notch & lingula)

 

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