Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Functional Anatomy of the Knee
The Knee
166
Anatomy
Graduate
11/30/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The knee consists of what two joints?
Definition
tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral
Term
the tibiofemoral joint is what 2 types of joints?
Definition
bicondyloid synovial, sliding hinge
Term
the patella is what type of bone
Definition
sesmoid
Term
how many degrees of movement does the knee joint have?
Definition
3
Term
What are the 3 degrees of freedom for the knee joint
Definition
ab/adduction, int/ext rotation, flex/extension
Term
what are the 3 planes that the knee can move in
Definition
frontal,transverse, sagittal
Term
ROM: knee flexion w/ hip flexion
Definition
140
Term
ROM: knee flexion with hip extension
Definition
120
Term
ROM: knee flexion passively
Definition
160
Term
ROM: knee extension
Definition
0-10
Term
ROM: knee external rotation in full extension
Definition
5
Term
ROM: knee external rotation at 90 flexion
Definition
0-45
Term
ROM: knee internal rotation at 90 flexion
Definition
0-30
Term
ROM: rotational ROM decreases beyond ____ flexion
Definition
90
Term
functional ROM: walking
Definition
0-67
Term
functional ROM: stair climbing
Definition
0-83
Term
functional ROM: descending stairs
Definition
0-90
Term
functional ROM: sitting down
Definition
0-93
Term
functional ROM: tying shoe
Definition
0-106
Term
functional ROM: lifting an object
Definition
0-117
Term
resting position of knee joint
Definition
25 of flexion
Term
close packed position of knee
Definition
maximal extension
Term
articulation between tibia and femur creates what kind of angle
Definition
valgus
Term
articulation between tibia and femur creates approximately a __ valgus angle
Definition
10
Term
distal femur has 2 condyles, what shape are they
Definition
convex
Term
two condyles of distal femur are separated posteriorly by what
Definition
intercondylar notch
Term
convex condyles of distal femur are separated anteriorly by what
Definition
patellar groove
Term
which condyle extends further distal?
Definition
medial
Term
which condyle extends farther anterior?
Definition
lateral
Term
tibial plateau: which is smaller?
Definition
lateral facet
Term
tibial plateau: which is round
Definition
lateral facet
Term
tibial plateau: which is less stable
Definition
lateral
Term
tibial plateau: which facet has more motion
Definition
lateral facet
Term
tibial plateau: which is sellar?
Definition
lateral facet
Term
tibial plateau: lateral facet is convex in which directions?
Definition
anterior/posterior
Term
tibial plateau: lateral facet is concave in which directions?
Definition
Medial/lateral
Term
tibial plateau: which is larger?
Definition
medial facet
Term
tibial plateau: which is oval?
Definition
medial
Term
tibial plateau: which is more stable
Definition
medial
Term
tibial plateau: which has less motion
Definition
medial
Term
tibial plateau: which is biconcave
Definition
medial facet
Term
the joint capsule of the knee surrounds the entire knee. T/F?
Definition
false, it does not surround the entire knee
Term
the joint capsule curves between what of the knee
Definition
two facets of the knee
Term
joint capsule extends 2 cm above what
Definition
patella
Term
joint capsule extends above patella how much
Definition
2 cm
Term
joint capsule of the knee extends below what
Definition
tibial plateau
Term
how much synovial fluid is normally in the knee joint
Definition
.5 mL
Term
if the anterior capsule is stretched and the synovial fluid is forced posteriorly, what happens as a result
Definition
baker's cyst
Term
if the anterior capsule is stretched, what happens to the synovial fluid
Definition
forced posterior
Term
if the posterior capsule is stretched what happens to the synovial fluid
Definition
forced anterior
Term
function of the bursa (2)
Definition
reduces friction, enhance movement between structures
Term
structure located behind patellar tendon and inferior pole of patella
Definition
infrapatellar fat pad
Term
infrapatellar fat pad is located where
Definition
behind patellar tendon and inferior pole of patella
Term
features of teh infrapatellar fat pad (2)
Definition
vascular, innervated
Term
infrapatellar fat pad may be irritated due to (4)
Definition
patellofemoral pain syndrome, arthroscopy, complex regional pain syndrome, ACL injury
Term
knee cruciate ligaments attach how
Definition
anterior and posterior on the tibial plateau
Term
the cruciate ligament blend into what
Definition
knee capsule
Term
cruciate ligaments are intrasynovial, T/F?
Definition
false, extrasynovial
Term
cruciate ligaments are vascularized by what
Definition
genicular branche of popliteal artery
Term
cruciates contain what nerve receptors
Definition
sensory for pain and proprioception, mechanoreceptors
Term
posterior cruciate attachment on tibia
Definition
lateral posterior tibia
Term
posterior cruciate attachment on femur
Definition
medial anterior
Term
anterior cruciate attachment on tibia
Definition
medial anterior tibia
Term
anterior cruciate attachment on femur
Definition
lateral posterior
Term
cruciates are generally _______ in internal rotation
Definition
taught
Term
cruciates are generally _______ in external rotation
Definition
slack
Term
anterior cruciate causes teh femur to glide ____ on the tibia in flexion
Definition
anterior
Term
anterior cruciate causes teh femur to glide anterior on the tibia in ______
Definition
flexion
Term
posterior cruciate causes a _______ glide of the femur on tibia in extension
Definition
posterior
Term
posterior cruciate causes a posterior glide of teh femur on tibia in ______
Definition
extension
Term
collateral ligaments of the knee check what forces
Definition
varus/valgus, external rotation
Term
collateral ligaments run in which direciton
Definition
opposite (anterior/posterior)
Term
collateral ligaments are taut in what movement of the knee
Definition
knee extension
Term
medial tibial collateral ligament runs from where
Definition
medial femoral epicondyle
Term
medial tibial collateral ligament runs to where
Definition
medial/anterior tibia
Term
medial tibial collateral ligament contains what fibers
Definition
anterior/posterior
Term
medial/tibial collateral ligament attaches to these 3 features
Definition
capsule, medial meniscus, medial tibial plateau
Term
medial/tibial collateral ligament checks what force
Definition
valgus force
Term
lateral/fibular collateral ligament runs from what
Definition
lateral femoral epicondyle
Term
lateral/fibular collatera lligament runs to where
Definition
fibular head
Term
lateral/fibular collateral ligament blends with what
Definition
biceps femoris insertion
Term
lateral/fibular collateral ligament checks what force at knee
Definition
varus
Term
meniscus: which is larger
Definition
medial meniscus
Term
meniscus: which is oval
Definition
medial meniscus
Term
meniscus: medial meniscus is attached to what
Definition
medial collateral ligament
Term
meniscus: sits in concave tibial facet
Definition
medial meniscus
Term
meniscus: which is smaller
Definition
lateral
Term
meniscus: which is round
Definition
lateral
Term
meniscus: which is not attached to a collateral ligament
Definition
lateral
Term
meniscus: which is more mobile
Definition
lateral
Term
meniscus: which sits atop convex tibial facet
Definition
lateral
Term
what serves as attachment points for medial/lateral menisci to tibial plateau
Definition
coronary ligaments
Term
the coronary ligaments blend with what
Definition
knee joint capsule
Term
the menisci are made up of what material
Definition
fibrocartilaginous
Term
which margin of the menisci is vascular
Definition
outer margin
Term
which margin of the menisci is avascular
Definition
inner margin
Term
the menisci are what shape
Definition
wedge shaped
Term
the menisci resists what 3 forces
Definition
compression, shear, tension
Term
menisci improve joint (3)
Definition
congruency, nutrition, lubrication
Term
with the menisci in place, stress is distributed how
Definition
across increased contact area b/w joint surfaces
Term
role of the menisci in stress distribution
Definition
absorb shock and load distribution
Term
when the menisci are removed, stress is limited to what contact area?
Definition
center of tibial plateau
Term
how do the menisci move during flexion
Definition
posterior
Term
the menisci move posterior during flexion, following what
Definition
femoral condyles
Term
which meniscus has greater movement during flexion
Definition
lateral mensicus (~11 mm)
Term
which meniscus ha less movement during flexion?
Definition
medial (~5 mm)
Term
during rotation the menisci move in which direction from each other
Definition
opposite
Term
during rotation the mensici follow what
Definition
the femoral condyles
Term
what is the center of rotation of the knee
Definition
medial to center of joint
Term
movement of the menisci: soft tissues force the menisci to move during what motions
Definition
flexion/extension
Term
movement of the menisci: semimembranous tendon pulls the medial meniscus posterior during which motion
Definition
flexion
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, the semimembranosus tendon pulls the medial meniscus how
Definition
posterior
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, the semimembranosus tendon pulls which meniscus posterior
Definition
medial
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, which tendon pull the medial meniscus posterior
Definition
semimembranosus
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, which tendon pulls the lateral meniscus posterior
Definition
popliteus
Term
movement of the menisci: the popliteus tendon pulls the lateral meniscus posterior during which motion
Definition
flexion
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, the popliteus tendon pulls which meniscus posterior
Definition
lateral meniscus
Term
movement of the menisci: during flexion, the popliteus tendon pulls the lateral meniscus how
Definition
posteriorly
Term
movement of the menisci: what fibers pull medial mensicus anterior via the quads, during extension
Definition
menisco-patellar fibers
Term
movement of the menisci: the meinisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus anterior via the quads, with which motion
Definition
extension
Term
movement of the menisci: the menisco-patellar fibers pull which meniscus anterior via the quads, during extension
Definition
medial
Term
movement of the menisci: during extension the menisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus how, via the quads
Definition
anterior
Term
movement of the menisci: during extension, the menisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus anterior, via what
Definition
quads
Term
patella articulates with what
Definition
interconydlar notch of femur
Term
7 facets of the patella
Definition
proximal, middle, distal pair on medial side, distal pair on lateral side
Term
which facet of the patella is known as the odd facet
Definition
medial
Term
the patella is part of which mechanism
Definition
extensor
Term
during flexion, the patella moves _____ its length
Definition
twice
Term
during flexion, the patella moves twice its length and its connections become ____
Definition
taut
Term
patella functions to increase (2)
Definition
lever arm of quadriceps force, patellofemoral contact area
Term
what is the Q angle
Definition
angle between femur and tibia
Term
Q angle is created by what
Definition
pull of the quadriceps sand patellar tendon
Term
Q angle creates a _____ force vector
Definition
valgus
Term
the Q angle encourages ______ tracking of patella in trochlear groove
Definition
lateral
Term
lateral patellar tracking is increased by what (6)
Definition
tight lateral structure, weak vastus medialis oblique, femoral anteversion, external tibial torsion, genu valgum, over pronation
Term
lateral patellar can be increased by what tight lateral structures (3)
Definition
lateral retinaculum, ITB, meniscopatellar ligaments
Term
helfet test is used to indicate what
Definition
excessive lateral patellar tracking
Term
lateral tracking is counteracted by what 3 things?
Definition
anterior projection of lateral condyle, vastus medialis, proper mechanics of hip, foot, ankle
Term
initiation of knee flexion begins as pure _____ of femur on tibia
Definition
roll
Term
at 15-20 of flexion tension in _______ _______ and joint structure creates anterior glide of the femur
Definition
anterior cruciate
Term
at 15-20 degrees of flexion tension in anterior cruciate and joint structure creates anterior ______ of the femur
Definition
glide
Term
As gliding increases, rolling ________
Definition
decreases
Term
Absence of glide in the knee results in what
Definition
joint sublaxation
Term
in a normal knee, the pathway of the instant center of motion of flexion/extension is what shape
Definition
semicircular
Term
in an abnormal knee, the instant center of motion of flexion/extension can result in (3) things
Definition
bucket handle tear of meniscus, creation of increased joint compression/distraction, progressive tissue failure
Term
mechanism in which the tibia rotates externally approximately 5 degrees during terminal extension
Definition
screw home mechanism
Term
the screw home mechanism is thought to do what?
Definition
increase knee stability in extension
Term
how many factors contribute to the screw home mechanism
Definition
5
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 1-in relation to the lateral femoral condyle
Definition
increased movement of lateral femoral condyle due to convex (ant/post) facet of tibia
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 2-in relation to ethe articular surface of the femoral condyle
Definition
longer articular surface of the lateral condyle allows for greater motion
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 3-in relation to the medial meniscus
Definition
medial meniscus is attached to medial collateral ligament which tightens during extension
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 3- medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament which tightens during extension resulting in what
Definition
limiting medial meniscal movement compared to lateral meniscus
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 4-in relation to the cruciates
Definition
twisting of the cruciates creates a lateral rotation as they unwind
Term
screw home mechanism contributing factors: 5-in relation to the quads
Definition
lateral pull of the quads creates an external rotation of the tibia
Term
knee stability: medial active restraints (2)
Definition
pes anserine complex, semimembranosis
Term
knee stability: medial passive restraints (3)
Definition
medial collateral, capsule, posterior cruciate
Term
knee stability: lateral active restraints (3)
Definition
popliteus, biceps femoris, iliotibial band
Term
knee stability: lateral passive restraints (4)
Definition
lateral collateral ligament, capsule, PCL, ACL
Term
knee stability: posterior active restraints (4)
Definition
biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, semimebranosis, popliteus
Term
knee stability: posterior passive restraint (1)
Definition
PCL
Term
knee stability rotatory passive restraints (3)
Definition
ACL, capsule, MCL
Term
knee stability rotatory active restraints
Definition
NONE
Term
Knee stability anterior active restraints (1)
Definition
extensor complex
Term
knee stability anterior passive restraints (3)
Definition
ACL, MCL, LCL
Term
if the menisci are removed how much compressive load is on the center of the tibial plateau in extension
Definition
50%
Term
if the menisci are removed, how much compressive load is on the center of tibial plateau in 90 flexion
Definition
85%
Supporting users have an ad free experience!