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Functional Anatomy Lab
Tests
230
Anatomy
Graduate
09/18/2014

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Term
PAIVM
Definition
passive accessory intervertebral movement
Term
C-Spine PAIVM
Definition
in prone, apply P/A force to SP of C2-T1
Term
C-Spine PAIVM purpose
Definition
assess for presence of pain or increase/decrease in mobility
Term
PAIVM of T-spine (central and unilateral
Definition
use pisiform of one hand reinforced by opposite hand to apply P/A force to thoracic spine. Force perpendicular to curvature of spine
Term
PAIVM of T-spine purpose
Definition
assess for pain or increase/decrease in mobility
Term
vertebral artery test
Definition
ptnt supine, guide head into extension and end rage rotation
Term
vertebral artery: what to assess for?
Definition
dizziness, dysarthria, diplopia, dysphagia, drop attacks, nystagmus, perioral numbness
Term
dysarthria
Definition
difficulty speaking
Term
diplopia
Definition
double vision
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
nystagmus
Definition
involuntary eye movement
Term
purpose of vertebral artery test
Definition
identify potential disease of vertebral artery
Term
alar ligament test
Definition
palpate SP of C2 in sitting while gently sidebending head L>R. SP should move to opposite side
Term
alar ligament test purpose
Definition
assess integrity of alar ligaments and upper cervical stability
Term
transverse ligament test
Definition
in supine, gently move posterior arch of C1 in an anterior direction with radial aspect of index fingers bilaterally
Term
transverse ligament test purpose
Definition
assessing for increased mobility and/or signs of cord compromise
Term
sharp purser test
Definition
in sitting stablize C2 SP with one hand while applying a gentle anterior to posterior force on subjects forehead with head in slight flexion
Term
Positive sharp purser test
Definition
reduction in symptoms
Term
sharp purser test purpose
Definition
assess integrity of AA joint, stabilizers of the dens on the atlas
Term
cervical compression
Definition
patient sitting, place hands on top of ptnt's head, gently compressing
Term
cervical compression purpose
Definition
looking for symptoms, central vs peripheral, increase/decrease in pain/symptoms
Term
Cervical distraction
Definition
ptnt sitting, place hands around jaw, squat and use your body to distract
Term
cervical distraction purpose
Definition
looking for symptoms, central vs peripheral? increase/decrease
Term
suboccipital muscles
Definition
patient supine, grasp base of occiput with one hand and place other hand on forehad. FLex head around axis through the ear keeping head on the table. Rotate head 20 degrees to right or left
Term
suboccipital muscles purpose
Definition
assess ipsilateral tightness
Term
ULTT
Definition
upper limb tension test
Term
ulnar nerve ultt
Definition
have patient lie on their back, depress shoulder, shoulder to 90 abd/ elbow extended, full pronation of wrist and finger/thumb extended. Flex elbow
Term
ulnar ultt positive test
Definition
tingling/numbness in 4th/5th digits/medial forearm
Term
elvey's test
Definition
patient supine. depress shoulder. Guide shoulder into 100 degrees flexion, full external rotation with elbow flexed. Extend elbow with forearm supinated, finishing with extension of wrist and fingers
Term
elvey's test purpose
Definition
paresthesias into the anterior elbow, thumb and index finger typical
Term
jendrassik maneuver
Definition
ptnt is asked to clasp hands, attempting to pull hands apart while therapist assesses reflexes
Term
babinski test
Definition
blunt end of reflex hammer to stroke plantar aspect of ptnt's foot lateral heel up side of foot across metatarsal heads ending medial
Term
negative babinski test
Definition
toes flex slightly
Term
babinski positive response
Definition
big toe extends and smaller toes splay
Term
hoffman's reflex
Definition
PT cradles ptnt's hand with distal interphalangeal joint of middle finger exposed. PT pinches or flicks tip of the ptnt's finger
Term
hoffman's reflex negative response
Definition
no response
Term
hoffman's reflex positive response
Definition
adduction and opposition of the thumb with slight finger flexion
Term
Lhermitte's sign
Definition
while sitting, ptnt is instructed to flex and/or extend their neck
Term
Lhermitte's sign: negative response
Definition
no response
Term
Lhermitte's sign: positive response
Definition
electrical-type sensation in midline and occoasional to extremities during flexion
Term
clonus testing
Definition
ptnt sitting, patient's foot is quickly forced into dorsiflexion with pressure maintained
Term
clonus testing: negative response
Definition
one to two involuntary beats of the ankle
Term
clonus testing: positive response
Definition
three or more involuntary beats of ankle
Term
modified rhomberg's test
Definition
feet comfortably apart, feet together, feet semi-tandem (heel to instep), feet tandem (heel to toe), each position held for 30-60 seconds. PT assesses ptnt's steadiness
Term
Positive responses for the following tests indicate what: Banbinski, Hoffman's reflex, Lhermitte's sign, Clonus Testing, Modified Rhomberg's
Definition
UMN lesion or spinal cord compression
Term
Lhermitte's sign may be associated with
Definition
spinal cord lesions, MS, cord compression from stenosis
Term
speed's test
Definition
siiting/standing, palms up with elbows extending, resist active shoulder flexion to 90 degrees
Term
positive speed's test
Definition
pain in bicipital groove
Term
pain in the bicipital groove as a result of teh speed's test indicates what sort of patholgoy
Definition
biceps/labral
Term
Neer's test
Definition
sitting/standing, passive forward flex ptnt's shoulder while stabilizing scapula with opposite hand
Term
positive neer's test
Definition
pain at end range flexion
Term
positive neer's test indicates what
Definition
rotator cuff impingement/pathology
Term
apprehension/relocation test
Definition
ptnt supine, ptnt's elbow flexed 90 degrees, slowly externally rotate shoulder looking for signs of apprehension or pain
Term
apprehension/relocation test: anterior pain
Definition
instability
Term
apprehension/relocatoin test posterior pain
Definition
internal impingement
Term
apprehension/relocation test apprehension
Definition
significant anterior instability
Term
Relocation test
Definition
repeat apprehension test until pain produced, apply pressure to anterior shoulder
Term
If during the relocation test, after applying pressure to anterior shoulder, pain decreases, and ROM increases what could it indicate
Definition
anterior instability
Term
sulcus sign
Definition
sitting, grasp humerus and distract inferior with ptnt arm at their side
Term
positive sulcus sign
Definition
observable sulcus moves inferior to acromion process
Term
what does a positive sulcus sign indicate
Definition
multidirectional instability of shoulder
Term
obrien's test
Definition
sitting,ptnt resists PTs attempt to depress elevated and adducted shoulder with the arm in internal rotation, repeat with external rotation
Term
positive obrien's test
Definition
pain and or popping that decreases when test is repeated with arm in external rotation
Term
what does a positive obrien's test suggest
Definition
labral tear
Term
Biceps Load II test
Definition
place arm in 120 of abduct, elbow in 90 of flex, forearm supinated. Move shoulder to end range ext rot. PT tries to pull elbow into extension, Ptnt resists with elbow flexion
Term
Positive biceps load II test
Definition
reproduction of pain or primary symptoms
Term
positive biceps Load II test suggest what
Definition
SLAP (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) lesion
Term
latissimus imbalance test
Definition
observe thorax for increased extension with forward shoulder flexion to end range in supine
Term
pectoralis major imbalance test
Definition
observe shoulder horizontal abduction in supine with arms at different degrees of elevation to test different components of pec major
Term
pec minor imbalance test
Definition
observe acromion height from table with patient supine. 2 inches WNL
Term
serrators anterior/scapular winging test
Definition
perform wall push-up observing scapula for winging
Term
External occipital protuberacne: palpation
Definition
located at midpoint of nuchal line
Term
External occipital protuberance clinical significance
Definition
pt of reference, attachment of nuchal ligament
Term
mastoid process
Definition
insertion of SCM, point of reference
Term
Transverse Process/Lateral mass of C1 (Atlas) palpation
Definition
located just anterior and inferior to mastoid, sitting/supine, first bony landmark
Term
Transverse process/lateral mass of C1 (atlas)
Definition
to assess upper CV stability and mobility, palpation can provoke nausea/headache
Term
Spinous process of C2
Definition
first palpable spinous process, sitting
Term
occiput-c2 interval: palpation
Definition
space between occiput and C2 SP
Term
occiput-c2 interval, decreased space is a result of what
Definition
extension of cerivcal vertebra
Term
transverse process of c2-c6: palpation
Definition
ptnt supine, palpate side of neck below earlobes
Term
transverse process of c2-c6: clinical significance
Definition
assists in assessing mobility/location
Term
TMJ (temporomandibular joint) Palpation
Definition
right in front of nub of ear, had ptnt open and close jaw
Term
TMJ clinical significance
Definition
palpate for tenderness or abnormal mechancis
Term
masseter palpation
Definition
clench teeth palpating just anterior to angle of mandible
Term
masseter clinical significance
Definition
assess for tenderness or trigger points
Term
temporalis palpation
Definition
clench jaws, palpating temples
Term
temporalis clinical significance
Definition
assess for tenderness or trigger points
Term
1st rib palpation
Definition
in front of trapezius, have ptnt take a deep breath to feel rib rise
Term
1st rib clinical significance
Definition
compare for symmetry
Term
Ribs 2-12 palpation
Definition
palpate 2nd rib inferior to clavicle where it joins at sternum, follow rest of ribs down
Term
ribs 2-12 clinical significance
Definition
point of reference, mobility
Term
rib angles palpation
Definition
located in line with medial vertebral border of the scapula, palpate shaft of rib moving anterior
Term
rib angles clinical significance
Definition
prominence may indicate dysfunction or pain could mean fracture
Term
intercostal spaces palpation
Definition
check for tenderness, size of space in relation to adjacent ribs
Term
thoracic spinous processes palpation
Definition
palpate interspinous spaces for alignment, spring test. Id SP of T1-T12
Term
Thoracic transverse processes palpation
Definition
1 1/2 fingers width lateral to SP, rule of 3s
Term
Thoracic transverse process rule of 3s
Definition
1-3: TP/SP Same
4-6: TP 1/2 lvl above SP
7-9: TP 1 lvl above SP
10: TP 1 lvl above SP
11: TP 1/2 lvl above SP
12: TP/SP Same
Term
Rib Excursion palpation
Definition
palpate bilaterally to assess upper middle and lower segments (over upper traps, below chest line, below angles of scapula) Assess motion of ribs, measure difference between rest and full inspiration
Term
WHich is greater neck ext or neck flex
Definition
ext
Term
Which portion of the cervical spine contributes the most to flexion
Definition
c5 to c6
Term
which portion of the C spine contributes the most to extension
Definition
C0-C1
Term
Sidebending of the cervical neck ROM approximate
Definition
40
Term
What portion of the neck contributes the most to lateral flexion of the c spine
Definition
mid/lower cervical spine
Term
approximate cervical rotation ROM
Definition
30
Term
What portion of the C spine provides the most rotation
Definition
C1-C2
Term
Position of the cervical spine when sitting in a slouched position
Definition
upper cervical extended, mid/lower cervical flexed
Term
L1 Myotome
Definition
hip flexion
Term
L1 dermatome
Definition
groin
Term
L1 DTR
Definition
none
Term
L2 myotome
Definition
hip flexion
Term
L2 dermatome
Definition
anterior middle thigh
Term
L2 DTR
Definition
none
Term
L3 myotome
Definition
knee extension
Term
L3 dermatome
Definition
medial knee
Term
L3 DTR
Definition
patellar
Term
L4 myotome
Definition
ankle dorsiflexion with inversion (heel walk)
Term
L4 dermatome
Definition
medial lower leg
Term
L4 DTR
Definition
Patellar
Term
L5 myotome
Definition
great toe extension, heel walk
Term
L5 dermatome
Definition
dorsum of foot btwn 1st and 2nd toes
Term
S1 myotome
Definition
ankle plantar flexion (toe walk)
Term
S1 dermatome
Definition
lateral border of foot
Term
S1 DTR
Definition
achilles
Term
S2-S4 myotome
Definition
bladder, intrinsics of foot
Term
S2-S4 dermatome
Definition
concentric rings around anus
Term
S2-S4 DTR
Definition
none
Term
C1 myotome
Definition
cervical flexion
Term
C1 dermatome
Definition
none
Term
C1 DTR
Definition
none
Term
C2 myotome
Definition
cervical extension
Term
C2 dermatome
Definition
back of head
Term
C2 DTR
Definition
none
Term
C3 myotome
Definition
sidebending
Term
C3 dermatome
Definition
lateral neck
Term
C3 DTR
Definition
none
Term
C4 myotome
Definition
shoulder shrug
Term
C4 dermatome
Definition
upper trap region
Term
C4 DTR
Definition
none
Term
C5 myotome
Definition
shoulder abduction
Term
C5 dermatome
Definition
middle deltoid
Term
C5 DTR
Definition
biceps
Term
C6 Myotome
Definition
elbow flexion/wrist extension
Term
C6 dermatome
Definition
dorsum of thumb
Term
C6 DTR
Definition
biceps/brachioradialis
Term
C7 myotome
Definition
elbow extension/wrist flexion
Term
c7 dermatome
Definition
dorsum of middle/long finger
Term
c7 dtr
Definition
triceps
Term
c8 myotome
Definition
thumb extension
Term
c8 dermatome
Definition
ulnar border of little finger
Term
c8 dtr
Definition
none
Term
t1 myotome
Definition
finger abduction
Term
t1 dermatome
Definition
medial upper arm
Term
t1 dtr
Definition
none
Term
reflex grading scale: 0
Definition
absent
Term
reflex grading scale: 1+
Definition
hyporeflexive
Term
reflex grading scale: 2+
Definition
normal
Term
reflex grading scale: 3+
Definition
hyperreflexive
Term
reflex grading scale: 4+
Definition
hyperreflexive with clonus
Term
suprasternal notch palpation
Definition
midposition of superior aspect of chest wall
Term
sternoclavicular joint palpation
Definition
lateral to suprasternal notch, shallow articulation
Term
sternoclavicular joint clinical significance
Definition
normally stable joint, look for asymmetry
Term
clavicle clinical significance
Definition
s shaped, muscle attachments inferior and posterior only
Term
coracoid process palpation
Definition
move inferior, lateral, and posterior to deep portion of clavicle
Term
acromioclavicular joint palpation
Definition
move medial from acromion, have ptnt flex and extend shoulder to palpate motion
Term
acromion process shape
Definition
flat and rectangular
Term
greater tuberosity palpatoin
Definition
move inferior from anterolateral tip of acromion
Term
biceps tendon/intertubercular sulcus
Definition
anterior and medial to greater tuberosity, externally rotate shoulder 20-30 degrees to palpate
Term
lesser tuberosity palpation
Definition
medial to biceps tendon or lateral to coracoid
Term
spine of the scapula palpation
Definition
follow medial border at root of spine to acromion
Term
vertebral border of scapula palpation
Definition
2" from thoracic spine, inferior angle at t7, superior angle at t2, upward/downward rotation 5 degrees WNL
Term
scapular winging
Definition
promininent medial border
Term
scapular tipping
Definition
prominent inferior angle
Term
supraspinatus palpation
Definition
put arm behind back to expose RC tendons, inferior to anterior/lateral margin of the acromion. SS, IS, TM palpate anterior to posterior on greater tubercle. Observe belly at fossa
Term
infraspinatus palpation
Definition
observe belly at infraspinatus fossa
Term
teres minor palpation
Definition
observe belly at lateral margins of inferior angle of scapula
Term
subacromial/subdeltoid bursa palpation
Definition
palpate inferior to acromion while extending the shoulder
Term
latissimus imbalance test clinical significance test
Definition
muscle tightness
Term
pec major imbalance test clinical significance
Definition
muscle tightness
Term
pec minor imbalance test clinical signifiance
Definition
muscle tightness
Term
scapulohumeral rhythm
Definition
2 humeral : 1 scapular
Term
movement of the clavicle during shoulder abduction
Definition
elevates, posteriorly spins
Term
importance of rotator cuff for elevation of the arm
Definition
supraspinatus main mover and strength provider
Term
importance of serratus anterior vs trapezius for elevation of the arm
Definition
serratus more important
Term
force couples at the shoulder
Definition
glenohumeral, scapulothoracic
Term
medial epicondyle palpation
Definition
medial side of distal end of humerus
Term
medial supracondylar line of humerus
Definition
move superiorly from medial epicondyle and palpate bony ridge
Term
olecranon palpation
Definition
large process at upper end of ulna
Term
what is the olecranon covered by
Definition
olecranon bursa, triceps tendon and aponeurosis
Term
olecranon fossa palpation
Definition
partial extension of the slackens the triceps muscle, exposing a portion of the fossa to be palpated
Term
lateral epicondyle palpation
Definition
smaller and less defined than the medial
Term
lateral supracondylar line palpation
Definition
from lateral epicondyle, palpate up the arm
Term
radial head palpation
Definition
posterior to wrist extensor group, locate lateral epicondyle and move distal until a visible depression in the skin, have patient supi/pronate arm to confirm
Term
ulnar nn palpation
Definition
situated between the medial epicondyle and olecranon process.
Term
ulnar nn significance
Definition
may be injured or unstable secondary to supracondylar or epicondylar fracture, direct trauma, repetetive motion
Term
wrist flexor/pronator group muscles
Definition
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
medial collateral ligament palpation
Definition
medial epicondyle to medial marign of trochlear notch
Term
lateral collateral ligament palpation
Definition
cord like band, starts at lateral epicondyle, goes to annular ligament as well as lateral side of ulna
Term
olecranon bursa palpation
Definition
only if the bursa is inflammed
Term
triceps palpation
Definition
have ptnt support weight on his arm, medial head may be palpated on the medial sepct of the distal end of humerus
Term
wrist extensors muscles
Definition
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis ulnaris
Term
extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis palpation
Definition
lateral epicondyle to side of annular ligament
Term
cubital fossa palpation
Definition
triangular space bordered laterally by the brachioradilais and medially by pronator teres
Term
cubital fossa: structures lateral to medial
Definition
musculocutaneous nn, biceps tendon, brachial aa, median nn
Term
biceps tendon palpation
Definition
medial to brachioradialis
Term
valgus/varus stress test
Definition
one hand grasps medial/lateral elbow, PT imparts varus/valgus force at wrist
Term
tinnel's ulnar nn test
Definition
tap over ulnar nerve tunnel, lateral to medial epicondyle
Term
ulnar nn test
Definition
ptnt places elbows in flexion with wrists in extension and holds for 30 seconds
Term
tennis/lateral epicondylitis elbow test
Definition
passively flex wrist w/ elbow extended and forearm pronated. Maintain hand in a fist. ptnt attempts to extend while PT resists
Term
golfer's/medial epicondylitis elbow test
Definition
elbow extended forearm supinated, passive extend wrist. make fist. ptnt attempts to flex wrist and PT resists
Term
position of the elbow with arms hanging at the side
Definition
valgus
Term
anatomic snuffbox palpation
Definition
laterally extend thumb
Term
borders of teh anatomic snuffbox
Definition
lateral: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
Medial: extensor pollicis longus
floor: scaphoid
Term
tubercle of the radius aka
Definition
lister's tubercle
Term
lister's tubercle palpation
Definition
dorsum of hand, 1/3 of the way across wrist from radial styloid
Term
which carpal is most frequently fractured
Definition
navicular/scaphoid
Term
which carpal articulates with the first metacarpal
Definition
trapezium
Term
what forms the tunnel of guyon
Definition
hook of hamate, pisiform
Term
extenstor tunnel 1
Definition
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicus brevis, site of Dequervain's
Term
extensor tunnel 2
Definition
extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis
Term
extensor tunnel 3
Definition
extensor pollicus longus
Term
extensor tunnel 4
Definition
extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis
Term
extensor tunnel 5
Definition
extensor digiti minimi
Term
extensor tunnel 6
Definition
extensor carpi ulnaris
Term
middle wrist crease
Definition
lies over the radiocarpal joint space
Term
distal palmar crease
Definition
proximal to MCP joints of digits 2-5
Term
phalen's test
Definition
prayer stretch but reversed, hold for 60 seconds
Term
reverse phalen's test
Definition
prayer st for 60 seconds
Term
Tinel's test of median nn
Definition
tap carpal tunnel at base of palm
Term
finklestein's test
Definition
thumb into fist, ulnar deviate. test for dequervain's
Term
froment's test
Definition
paper pinch test
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