Term
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Definition
| chemical travels in the blood to cause an effect |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical causes an effect on the cell that secreted it |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical effects adjacent cell |
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Term
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Definition
Mineralcorticoids: aldosterone
Glucocorticoids: cortisol, corticosterone
Sex steroids:
F: estrogen, progesterone
M: androstedione, DHEA, testosterone |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
-polypeptides and peptides
-short half life |
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Term
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Definition
Follicles with follicular cells
C cells |
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Term
| Parathyroid secretory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenal gland secretory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocrine pancreas secretory cells |
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Definition
| alpha, beta, delta F and G cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Cells of the supraoptic nucleus
-Increased water retention by kidneys
-posterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
-Cells of paraventricular nucleus
-Smooth muscle contractions during lactation and orgasm
-Emotional bonding between partners and mother-child
-posterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
-Suppresses gonadotropin secretion
-Marks circadian rhythms
-Epiphysis: pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
-C cells
-Child: promotes production of bone when levels of Ca too high
-thyroid |
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 6 |
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Definition
-Chief cells
-Promotes resorbtion of calcium:
• Kidney • Intestine • Osteoclasts
-parathyroid |
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Term
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Definition
-Alpha cells
-Release of glucose between meals
-exocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) |
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Term
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Definition
-Beta cells
-Absorption of glucose immediate after meals
-exocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) |
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Term
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Definition
-Delta cells
-Modulates speed of digestion and absorption
-exocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) |
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Term
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Definition
-F-cells
-Inhibitors of gall bladder contraction and secretion of digestive enzymes
-exocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) |
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Term
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Definition
-G-cells
-Promotes stomach function
-exocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Premature puberty
-Seasonal affective disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| -hypocalcemia with tetany |
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Term
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Definition
-diabetes mellitus
-Type 1: autoimmune
-Type 2: increased insulin resistance |
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Term
| (GRH) --> FSH pathway females |
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Definition
(FSH) from Gonadotropes--> F: ovary (pre- ovulation)
-->F: granulosa and theca of follicle -->F. Estrogen-->
F: production of estrogen |
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Term
| (GRH) -->FSH pathway males |
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Definition
| (FSH) from Gonadotropes--> M: testis-->M: sustentacular cells (c. of Sertoli)-->M: sperm production |
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Term
| (GRH) --> LH pathway females |
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Definition
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) from Gonadotropes-->F: ovary (post ovulation)-->F: corpus luteum (Lutein cells)-->F: progesterone-->F: production of progesterone |
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Term
| (GRH) --> LH pathway males |
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Definition
Luteinizing hormone (LH) from Gonadotropes-->M:testis
-->M: Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig)-->M. Testosterone
-->M: testosterone production |
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Term
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Definition
TSH from Thyrotropes-->Thyroid-->Follicular cells
-->T4, T3 (T3 more potent) Need iodide-->
Child: Development of brain and skeleton
Adult: Increased metabolism and appetite
-Calorgenic effect |
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Term
| Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) --> Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) pathway |
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Definition
Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from Corticotropes
-->Adrenal cortex, zona fasciculata-->Spongiocytes-->
Glucocorticoids-->Long-term stress and tissue remodelling |
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Term
| Prolactin inhibiting hormone --> Prolactin pathway |
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Definition
Prolactin from Lactotropes -->
F: Production of milk
M: enhances effect of LH |
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Term
| (GHRH) --> (GH) liver pathway |
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Definition
| Growth hormone from Somatotropes-->Liver production of somatomedines and IGFs-->Infant: promotes growth |
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Term
| (GHRH) --> (GH) adrenal pathway |
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Definition
Growth hormone from Somatotropes-->Adrenal medulla
-->Chromaffin cells-->Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Child: cretinism or congenital hypothyroidism
Adult: hypothyroidism
Excess: Hyperthyroidism (myxedema) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Prolactin inhibitory hormone pathology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Deficit:
-Children: pituitary dwarfism
Excess:
-Children: gigantism
-Adults: acromegaly |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess: contributes to shock |
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Term
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Definition
Testis + tunica vaginalis + tunica albuginea
-Seminiferous tubules/interstitial (Leydig) cells
-Germinal epithelium
-Supporting (Sertoli) cells
-Blood-testis barrier
-Rete testis |
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Term
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Definition
-Efferent
-Epididymis (head, body, tail)
-Ductus defrens |
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Term
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Definition
• Primordial: follicular c.
• Primary: granulosa c. (>1 layer)
• Secondary:
• +theca: connective tissue secreted by granulosa c.
+zona pellucida
• Tertiary: follicular fluid
• Mature (Graaf): antrum
Cumulus ooforus (granulosa c.)
Corona radiata
• Corpus luteum
• Corpus albicans |
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Term
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Definition
| Infundibulum>ampulla>isthmus |
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Term
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Definition
Fundus>body>cervix:
-external and internal os
• Perimetrium: squamous epith.
• Myometrium: smooth muscle
• Endometrium: simple columnar |
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Term
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Definition
• Fornices
• Rugae
• Hymen |
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Term
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Definition
-Spermatic cord
• Cremaster
• Testicular artery
• Pampiniform plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad ligament: fold of peritoneum connecting uterus to pelvic floor Ovaries: mesovarium -ovarian ligament (M) + suspensory ligament (L) Ovariantube: mesosalpinx Uterus: mesometrium -Cardinal: pelvic wall -Uterosacral: sacrum -Round ligament: labium majus |
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Term
| Male gonad vascularization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ovarian (Uterine branch) -->Arcuate-->Spiral-->Vaginal |
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Term
| Male external genitalia 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Female external genitalia 4 |
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Definition
Mons pubis
Labia majus
Labia minus
Clitoris: prepuce, glans, body, crura |
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Term
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Definition
Corpus spongiosum:
-root bulb, bulbospongiosum
Corpus cavernosum:
-root: crus to pelvis, ischiocavernosum |
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Term
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Definition
| Clitoris: corpora cavernosa Vestibular bulb: subcutaneus |
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Term
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Definition
Seminal vesicles: 60% prostiglandins
Prostate: 30%
Bulbourethral |
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Term
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Definition
Paraurethral glands
Greater vestibular |
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