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Functional anatomy
Chapter 2 Skeletal
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/07/2013

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Term
Amphiartrhodial Joint
Definition
a type of joint whose bones are connected by caritilage
Term
Apophysis
Definition
A bony outgrowth (process, tubercule, tuberosity)
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
hyaline cartilage, tough fibrous CT
Term
Avulsion Fracture
Definition
the tearing away of a part of bone when a tensile force is applied
Term
Ball and socket joint
Definition
a type of diarthrodial joint

allows motion through 3 planes
Term
Bending Force
Definition
Force causing a change in the angle of the bone

bends in the region of no direct support
Term
Bone Material Density
Definition
Amount of mineral measured per unit area or volume of bone tissue
Term
Capsule
Definition
A fibrous CT that encloses the diarthrodial joint
Term
Chondrocytes
Definition
cartilage cells
Term
Collagen
Definition
Main CT in skin, tendon, ligament, bone, and cartilage
Term
Cortical bone
Definition
Compact bone

Material on external side of bone
Term
Complex joint
Definition
joint in which two or more bones articulate

disc or fibrocartilage is present
Term
Compound joint
Definition
Joint where 3+ bones articulate
Term
compression force
Definition
force pressing at ends of bones

shorts/widens structure
Term
Condylar joint
Definition
diarthoradial joint

biaxial, but one plane of movement dominates
Term
Deposition
Definition
phase of bone remodeling

bone is formed through osteoblastic activity
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Shaft of long bone
Term
Diarthrodial joint
Definition
Freely movable joint (synovial joint)
Term
Elastic material
Definition
Material that exhibits only elastic properties (stress-strain model)
Term
Epiphyseal plate
Definition
(growth plate)
disc of cartilage

between metaphysis and epihysis

permits growth in length
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Ends of a long bone
Term
Extracapsular ligament
Definition
Ligament outside of the joint capsule
Term
Failure point (stress-strain model)
Definition
point on curve when force causes complete break of material
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Cartilage has parallel, thick, collagenous bundles
Term
Fibrous joint
Definition
joint whose bones are connected by fibrous material

Little/no movement allowed

(synarthrodial joint)
Term
Hysteresis
Definition
Mechanical energy lost by a material thats been deformed
Term
Intra-articular ligament
Definition
ligament inside a joint
Term
Lamellae
Definition
concentric tubes of collagen that encircle an osteon
Term
Ligament
Definition
band of CT connecting bone or cartilage to each other

supports joints
Term
Meniscus
Definition
cresent shaped disc of fibrocartilage
Term
metaphysis
Definition
wide shaft toward the end of a long bone
Term
modeling (bone)
Definition
bone resorption and deposit that forms bone at different sites and rates

makes bone altered size and shape
Term
osseous
Definition
having a quality of bone
Term
Ossifacation
Definition
the formation of bone
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
degenerative joint disease

destroys articular cartilage

reduces joint space, osteophyte formation
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
bone cell
Term
osteoblast
Definition
bone cell for bone building
Term
osteoclast
Definition
bone cell

responsible for bone resorption
Term
oseogenesis
Definition
formation of bone
Term
osteon
Definition
weight-bearing pilar structure in bone
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
rate of bone formation decreases, demineralization and bone softens
Term
Periosteum
Definition
White membrane of CT that covers outer surface of bone

covers outer surface except over articular cartilage
Term
plastic region
Definition
region between yield point and the failure point
Term
remodeling
Definition
bone resorption and formation at same site
Term
resorption (bone)
Definition
bone is lost through osteoclastic activity
Term
shear force
Definition
force applied directly to the plane of a cross section of the loaded object
Term
simple joint
Definition
joint with only two articulating surfaces
Term
spongy bone
Definition
lattice-like bone tissue

high energy storage

cancellous bone
Term
Stress (mechanics)
Definition
force per unit area
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
liquid secreted by the synovial membrane that reduces friction in the joint
Term
tension force
Definition
force pulling bone apart

lengthens bone
Term
Torsion force
Definition
twisting force that creates shear stress over the entire material
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
Strands within cancellous bone that adapts to the direction of stress on the bone
Term
Yield point
Definition
point on a stress-strain curve at which the material reaches the plastic region
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