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Functional anatomy of the respiratory system
parts of the respiratory system and their functions
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/24/2011

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Term
The conchae is in what part of the respiratory system?
Definition
Nasal cavity
Term
What is the function of the conchae?
Definition
To add moisture and warm up the air that is breathed in.
Term
The superior conchae contains what type of epithelium for smell?
Definition
Olfactory
Term
These hairs can be found in the nasal cavity that screens foreign particles.
Definition
Vibrissae
Term
Where are the paranasal sinuses found?
Definition
In bones behind the nasal cavity.
Term
Name the four paranasal sinuses.
Definition
Ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses.
Term
What is the structure of the paranasal sinuses?
Definition
Air filled spaces lined with mucus membrane.
Term
What is the function of paranasal sinuses?
Definition
lighten the bones of the skull and act as resonant chambers for speech.
Term
Where do the paranasal sinuses drain into?
Definition
The lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Term
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Definition
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Term
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Definition
Directly behind the nasal cavities.
Term
This part of the pharynx houses the pharyngeal tonsils.
Definition
Nasopharynx
Term
This lymphatic tissue is known as adenoids when it becomes inflamed.
Definition
Pharyngeal tonsils.
Term
The eustachian tubes can be found in what part of the pharynx?
Definition
Nasopharynx
Term
The oropharynx houses which two tonsils?
Definition
Palatine and lingual tonsils
Term
What kind of epithelium is the oropharynx lined with?
Definition
stratified squamous
Term
What is the function of the oropharynx?
Definition
common passageway for food and air
Term
Where is the oropharynx located?
Definition
Between the soft palate and the level of the hyoid bone.
Term
This part of the pharynx begins at the level of the hyoid bone and extends into both the esophagus and larynx.
Definition
Laryngopharynx
Term
What is the function of the larynx?
Definition
Speech, keeping airway open and routing air down the passageways.
Term
This part of the respiratory tract is supported by 9 hyaline cartilage and held together by muscle and elastic connective tissue.
Definition
Larynx
Term
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Definition
To keep food from entering the larynx.
Term
What is the epiglottis made up of?
Definition
Elastic cartilage
Term
Extrinsic skeletal muscles help the larynx accomplish what?
Definition
Different pitches
Term
What muscle forms the body of the vocal folds?
Definition
Vocalis muscle
Term
Laryngitis is an inflammation in the folds of where?
Definition
Larynx
Term
The trachea are supported by how many hyaline cartilage?
Definition
16-20
Term
Where is the location of the trachea?
Definition
From the 6th cervical to the 5th thoracic vertebrae.
Term
This part of the respiratory system is supported by hyaline cartilage that is shaped like horseshoes.
Definition
Trachea
Term
The dorsal side of the trachea is open to facilitate what?
Definition
Movement of food down the esophagus.
Term
The what is the structure of the right primary bronchus that makes it easy for foreign objects to fall into and block the passage.
Definition
short, wide and vertical.
Term
What does the right primary bronchus divide into?
Definition
three secondary bronchi that supply the three lobes of the right lung
Term
The left primary broncus divides into two secondary bronchi that supplies what?
Definition
The two left lobes of the left lung.
Term
What is the function of alveoli?
Definition
functional units where CO2 and O2 are exchanged.
Term
What is the structure of alveoli?
Definition
Sacs that have a great amount of surface area for gas exchange
Term
The inside of alveoli is coated with what?
Definition
Surfactant
Term
What does surfactant help with?
Definition
Made from cuboid cells, it makes it so that there is less surface tension during respiration.
Term
Infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by what?
Definition
too little surfactant
Term
Each alveolus bed is surrounded by what?
Definition
Capillary bed
Term
How is each alveolus connected to its neighbor?
Definition
By a pore
Term
T or F?

The basement membranes of the alveolar and capillary squamous cells are fused.
Definition
True
Term
The lungs rest on what?
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Where do the blood vessels enter the lungs?
Definition
At the root of the lung.
Term
What is the visceral pleura?
Definition
It covers the lungs
Term
The parietal pleura lines what?
Definition
The thoracic cavity.
Term
What is pleurisy?
Definition
Inflammation of the pleura which results in accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers.
Term
This structure allows for changes in air pressure in the middle ear.
Definition
Opening of pharyngotympanic tube
Term
This structure snaps back and forth cutting a stream of air into puffs of air.
Definition
Vestibular fold
Term
The primary function of this structure is to provide increased surface area for warming and moisturizing the air.
Definition
Nasal meatuses
Term
This structure of elastic cartilage prevents food from entering the respiratory passageway.
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
This structure of elastic cartilage prevents food from entering the respiratory passageway.
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
This structure is supported by horseshoe shaped cartilages.
Definition
trachea
Term
The low pressure found here assists in keeping the lungs expanded.
Definition
Pleural cavity
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