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Function and Innervation of Lower Leg Muscles
UCF Anatomy
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
05/20/2009

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Cards

Term
Tensor fascia lata
Definition
  • Function: Abduction, medial rotation and flexion of the thigh; Protects the knee joint.
  • Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-L5)
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
  • Function: powerful extensor of hip joint, lateral rotator; Active in rising, sitting, and climbing.
  • Innervation: Inferior gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
  • Function: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh; It keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised.
  • Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
  • Function: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh; It keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised.
  • Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
Term
Piriformis
Definition
  • Function: Lateral rotator and abductor of the thigh; Keeps femur head in acetabulum.
  • Innervation: Nerve to piriformis (sacral plexus) (S1-S2)
Term
Obturator internus
Definition
  • Function: Lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and abductor of the thigh when flexed; Lateral rotators are stronger than medial rotators and control balance.
  • Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
Term
Superior gemellus
Definition
  • Function: Lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and abductor of the thigh when flexed; Lateral rotators are stronger than medial rotators and control balance.
  • Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus.
Term
Inferior gemellus
Definition
  • Function: Lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and abductor of the thigh when flexed; Lateral rotators are stronger than medial rotators and control balance.
  • Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris.
Term
Quadratus femoris
Definition
  • Function: Lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and abductor of the thigh when flexed; Lateral rotators are stronger than medial rotators and control balance.
  • Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Term

Posterior Thigh Muscles

(Hamstring Muscles)

Definition
  • Originate from the Ischial Tuberosity
  • Innervated by the Tibial branch of the Sciatic Nerve
  • Flexors (strong) of the knee joint
  • Extensors (weak) of the hip joint
  • Insert around the bones of the knee joint
Term

Biceps femoris -

Long Head

Definition
  • Function: Extension at the hip. It is a flexor and lateral rotator at the knee joint.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (L5-S2)
Term

Biceps fermoris -

Short Head

Definition
  • Function: Knee flexor.
  • Innervation: Common Peroneal Nerve (S1-S2)
  • Short Head may be absent!
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
  • Function: Extension at the hip, flexion and medial rotation at the knee.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (L5-S2)
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
  • Function: Hip extensor, knee flexor, and medial rotator.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve.
Term
Adductor Magnus
Definition
  • Function: Powerful adductor, lateral rotator (part that is inserted to the linea aspera), medial rotator at the knee joint. Extensor at the hip.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve to the part inserted to linea aspera. Obturator Nerve to the part inserted to adductor tubercle (puberty and conception).
Term
Triceps Surae
Definition
  • Soleus
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
Term
Soleus muscle
Definition
  • Function: Active in hard motion and sustaining motion (Red fibers).
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2).
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
  • Function: Active for fast movements (White fibers).
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2).
Term
Plantaris muscle
Definition
  • Function: Best plantor flexor. Active in walking.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2).
Term
Achilles Tendon
Definition
  • Calcaneal tendon.
  • Most powerful tendon and important for walking.
Term
Tibialis posterior
Definition
  • Function: Plantar flexion and Supination of the foot.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (L4-L5).
  • Tendon passes beneath the Flexor retinaculum!
Term
Flexor hallusis longus
Definition
  • Function: Plantar flexion and Supination of the foot.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2).
  • Tendon passes beneath the Flexor retinaculum!
Term
Flexor digitorum longus
Definition
  • Function: Plantar flexion and Supination of the foot.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (S1-S3).
  • Tendon passes beneath the Flexor retinaculum!
Term
Popliteus muscle
Definition
  • Function: Flexion of the knee, unlocking of the knee joint, and protection of the lateral meniscus.
  • Innervation: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)
Term
Peroneus longus
Definition
  • Function: One of the two strongest pronators of the foot. Eversion at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints (Standing on the medial margin of the foot while the lateral margin is up).
  • Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S1).
  • Tendon runs behond the lateral malleolus!
Term
Peroneus brevis
Definition
  • Function: One of the two strongest pronators of the foot. Eversion at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints (Standing on the medial margin of the foot while the lateral margin is up).
  • Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S1).
Term
Gracilis muscle
Definition
  • Function: Adductor of the thigh, flexor at the hip and flexor at the kee joints.
  • Innervation: Obturator Nerve.
Term
Pectineus muscle
Definition
  • Function: Adductor of the thigh and flexor of the hip joint.
  • Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L3) & Obturator Nerve.
Term
Adductor brevis
Definition
  • Function: Adductor of the thigh & flexor of the hip joint.
  • Innervation: Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
Term
Adductor longus
Definition
  • Function: Adduction of the thigh and hip flexion.
  • Innervation: Obturator Nerve
  • Lies on the adductor magnus.
Term
Adductor Magnus
Definition
  • Function: Powerful adductor, lateral rotator (part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator at the knee joint. Extensor at the hip.
  • Innervation: Tbial Nerve to the part inserted to the linea aspera. Obturator Nerve to the part inserted to adductor tubercle (puberty and conception).
Term
Adductor minimus
Definition
  • Function: Powerful adductor, lateral rotator (part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator at the knee joint. Extensor at the hip.
  • Innervation: Tbial Nerve to the part inserted to the linea aspera. Obturator Nerve to the part inserted to adductor tubercle (puberty and conception).
Term
Iliopsoas muscle
Definition
  • Function: Cheif flexor of the hip.
  • Innervation: Lumbar plexus to psoas (L1-L3) and Femoral Nerve to iliacus (L2-L4).
  • Composed of two muscles: Psoas major and Iliacus muscles.
Term
Quadriceps femoris
Definition
  • Function: Chief extensor of the knee joint. Rectus femoris also flexes at the hip joint.
  • Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2=L4).
  • Consists of four muscles: Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, and Vastus Medialis.
Term
Sartorius muscle
Definition
  • Function: Acts on two joints: flexes at both the hip joint and the knee joint.
  • Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4).
Term
Tibialis anterior
Definition
  • Function: Dorsiflexion and supination of the foot.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve. (L4-L5).
  • Tendon passes beneath the extensor RT.
Term

 

Extensor digitorum longus

Definition
  • Function: Dorsiflexion of the foot.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5-S1).
Term
Peroneus tertius
Definition
  • Extensor digitorum's addtional part that may extend to the base of the 5th metatarsal.
  • May even be a muscle and have a seperate origin.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve.
Term
Extensor hallucis longus
Definition
  • Function: First toe dorsiflexion.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4-S1).
Term
Extensor digitorum brevis
Definition

  • Function: Dorsiflexion of the digits.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve (S1-S2).

Term
Extensor hallucis brevis
Definition

  • Function: Dorsiflexion of the first digit.
  • Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve (S1-S2).

Term
Plantar Aponeurosis
Definition

  • Longitudinal and transverse fibers. It maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot and protects the vessels and nerves.

Term
Abductor hallucis
Definition

  • Function: Abduction of the 1st digit.
  • Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve (L5-S1).

Term
Flexor hallucis brevis
Definition

  • Function: Flexion of the 1st digit.
  • Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve (L5-S1).

Term
Flexor digitorum brevis
Definition

  • Function: Flexion of the digits.
  • Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve (L5-S1).

Term
Lumbricals
Definition

  • Function: Plantar flexion of digits.
  • Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve to 1st Lumbrical. Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2-S3) to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Lumbricals.

Term
Quadratus Plantae
Definition

  • Function: Assists Flexor digitorum longus in flexion
  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S2).

Term
Plantar interossei muscles
Definition

  • Function: Adductors of the digits.
  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2-S3)

Term
Dorsal interossei muscles
Definition

  • Function: Abductors of the digits.
  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2-S3).

Term
Adductor hallucis
Definition

  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S2)

Term
Opponens digiti minimi
Definition

  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S2)

Term
Flexor digiti minimi
Definition

  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S2)

Term
Abductor digiti minimi
Definition

  • Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1-S2)

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