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- founder of the Buddhist religion
-also called Buddha or enlightened one
- his ultimate goal was to teach people how to break out of the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. |
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- the largest Natufian settlement in Israel in 8000 BCE
- two thousand people lived in an area of 8 to 10 acres
-residents of Jericho dug ditches, a wall and a tower which all signified the rulers ability to mobilize laborers and supplies for large scale construction
- transitional phase for agriculture |
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| Slash and Burn Agriculture |
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Definition
-first method of agriculture production
-invented in Eurasia
-type of farming that necessatates frequent movement of farmers
-cut the trees down, burn them, which puts nutrients in the soil |
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-later mesopatamian empire
-free commoners own no private property, worked on land and gave portions of harvest as tax too live there. |
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-most sophisticated written system of laws
-death penalty for theft treason and adultery
-women viewed as property
- lex talionis "eye for an eye" |
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- major society built by Dravidian peoples
-major city Harappa
-first chickens from Harrapans
-first cotton trade
-had walls for defense
- built cities on a N,S,E,W axis
-specialized craftsmen for trade
-society died out led to Hinduism
-decline due to deforestation, climate, and natural disasters by 1500 BCE.
-created sewage system |
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-subcastes
-once in jati, almost impossible to get out (mobility was difficult)
-marry within subclass
- relied on each other for injury
- if someone violates rules, they can be exiled, or kicked out of jati (death sentence) |
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-started by Zhou dynasty
-given to certain rulers who are chosen by the generalized forces of the cosmos
- believed heaven would send signs before withdrawing its mandate |
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-early Aryans
-religious and literary works
-vedas are 1028 hymns to gods passed from generation by word of mouth (known as the 4 vedas)
-most important was the Rig Veda |
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Definition
-1200-100 BCE
-the rubber people
-ceremonial centers (San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes)
-olmec heads (10 ft tall, 20 tons) transported by dragging, rolling on logs
-1000 workers per head |
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Definition
-23 administrative divisions
-satraps were persians
-system of spies, suprise audits (minimized local rebellion)
-standardized money for taxation
-massive road building, courier services |
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-221 to 210 BCE
-found new dynasty as "first emporer"
- centralized bureacracy
- orders execution of all critics and burns all ideological works
-460 scholars buried alive
-started massive public works ( precursor to Great Wall, massive tombs with terecotta soldiers
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-martial emporer
-141-87 BCE
-increased taxes to fund public works
-established emperial university
-demanded education for bureacracy |
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-9 to 23 CE
- regent for 2 yr old emporer
-takes power himself in 9 CE
-land redistribution was poorly handled
-assasination due to social chaos in 23 CE |
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-founder of dynasty, Achaeminid empire
-558-330 BCE |
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-2370-2315 BCE
-destroyed sumerian city states one by one
-created empire in Akkad
-empire unable to maintain chronic rebellions |
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Definition
-1000 to 1200 BCE
-city in North Yukatan
- had the largest ball court in the Americas
-used captives for sacrifices
-wanted to absorb captives into society rather then kill them off |
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- Indian religion
-2 million followers today
-founded by Mahavira
-right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct
-Jains obstain from eating and drinking at night so they will not harm any insects at night (extreme) |
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-1352-1336 BCE
-ruler of the end of 18th dynasty
- worshiped a sun god named "living sun-disk" or "Aten"
- did not continue his teachings after death. |
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- ancient kingdom south of the first cataract on the Nile
- in modern day egypt and sudan
-important trading partner of Egypt |
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-a sea-going people
-around 900 BCE expanded outward from their base on the medditeranian coast of modern day lebanon
-their alphabet used only letters and is the ancestor of roman alphabet
-greeks called them redmen because of their extremely rare reddish skin |
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-338 BCE
-decisive battle in which king Philip II of Macedonia overcame Athens and Thebes, which meant, essentially the end of Greek independence.
-decides the fate of the poleis
-split his army and gave half to his son
-phillips army victory |
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-god of the underworld
-he determined who could enter the realm of eternal hapiness |
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-systematized socratic thought
-his republic was a theory of forms and ideas, parable of the cave |
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-when a widowed wife either voluntarily or by force immolated herself on her husbands funeral pyre
-rarely used |
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- indian emporer of the maurya dynasty
-304-232 BCE
- his empire stretches from pakistan to afganistan
- helped make Budhism a world known religion
- ruled for about 40 years and the Mauryan Dynasty lasted about 50 more years after. |
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| Ban Zhao's Admonitions for Women |
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Definition
| -a book that counceled women to serve men and advocated education for girls starting at the age 8 |
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-An ancient greek woman poet
-came from the isle of lesbos
-people thought she was homosexual because her writings were about independance of women |
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-athenian
-reformed the constitution of Athens and started democracy |
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-ancient greek citizen soldier
-primarily armed as spearsmen and fought in a phalanx formation. |
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| Short Answer: What was the significance of Venus figurines and cave paintings among Cro-Magnon peoples? |
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Definition
| Venus figurines were very significant to cro magnon peoples. The figurines were crafted with outstanding female body parts to signify fertility which was a sacred and important aspect of life for these peoples. These figurines were not only used to signify fertility but also as self portraits because mirrors didn't exist. They were also a symbol of respect for mothers. Cave paintings were significant because they were made for worship such for things such as gods and animals. They illustrated concise purpose and were a sign of respect. They both also emphasized artistic thought. |
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