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French Revolution/Napoleon
N/A
47
History
12th Grade
02/06/2013

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Term
Banalities
Definition
-Fees that peasants were obligated to pay landlords for the use of the village mill, bakeshop and winepress
Term
Bastille
Definition
-The political prison and armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Parisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles
Term
Cahier de doleances
Definition
-List of grievances that each Estate drew up in preparation for the summoning of the Estates-General in 1789.
Term
Code Napoleon
Definition
-The codification and condensation of laws assuring legal equality and uniformity in France
Term
Committee of Public Safety
Definition
-The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.
Term
Concordat (1801)
Definition
-Napoleon's arrangement with Pope Plus VII to heal religious division in France with a united Catholic church under bishops appointed by the government.
Term
Continental System
Definition
-Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.
Term
Corvees
Definition
-Roadwork; an obligation of peasants to landowners.
Term
Coup d'etat
Definition
-Overthrow of those in power.
Term
Declaration of Pillnitz (1791)
Definition
-Austria and Prussia agreed to intervene in France to end the revolution with the unanimous agreement of the great powers.
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (August 27, 1789)
Definition
-Document that embodied the liberal revolutionary Ideals and general principles of the philosophes' writings.
Term
Directory (1795-1799)
Definition
-The five-man executive committee that ruled France in its own interests as a republic after Robespierre's execution and prior to Napoleon's coming to power.
Term
Estates General
Definition
-The French national assembly summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis and correct abuses of the ancien regime.
Term
Great Fear
Definition
-The panic and insecurity that struck French peasants in the summer of 1789 and led to their widespread destruction of manor houses and archives.
Term
Jacobins
Definition
-The dominant group In the National Convention in 1793 who replaced the Girondist. It was headed by Robespierre.
Term
Law of the maximum
Definition
-The fixing of prices on bread and other essentials under Robespierre's rule.
Term
Levee en masse
Definition
-The creation under the Jacobins, of a citizen army with support from young and old, heralding the emergence of modern warfare.
Term
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Definition
-Consul and later emperor of France (1799-1815), who established several of the reforms (Code Napoleon) of the French Revolution during his dictatorial rule.
Term
August 4, 1789
Definition
-date of the declaration by liberal noblemen of the National Assembly at a secret meeting to abolish the feudal regime in France.
Term
Parlement
Definition
-Law court staffed by nobles that could register or refuse to register a king's edict.
Term
Peninsular War (1808-1813)
Definition
-Napoleon's long-drawn-out war with Spain.
Term
Robespierre (1758-1794)
Definition
-Jacobin leader during the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
Term
Sans culottes
Definition
-A reference to Parisian workers who wore loose-fitting trousers rather than the tight-fitting breeches worn by aristocratic men.
Term
Taille
Definition
-A direct tax from which most French nobles were exempt.
Term
Tennis Court Oath
Definition
-Declaration mainly by members of the Third Estate not to disband until they had drafted a constitution for France (June 20, 1789).
Term
Treaty of Tilsit (1807)
Definition
-Agreement between Napoleon and Czar Alexander I in which Russia became an ally of France and Napoleon took over the lands of Prussia west of the Elbe as well as the Polish provinces.
Term
Louis XVI
Definition
- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
Term
Marie Antoinette
Definition
queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
Term
First Estate
Definition
The first class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.
Term
Second Estate
Definition
The second class of French society made up of the nobility
Term
Third Estate
Definition
a. consisted of the Bourgeoisie and the peasantry b. 98% of the population c. paid all the taxes d. owned 55% of the land
Term
Abbe Sieyes
Definition
Wrote an essay called What is the 3rd estate. Argued that lower classes were more important than the nobles and the government should be responsible to the people.
Term
Marquis de Lafayette
Definition
Led the moderates in the French Revolution, headed the national guard
Term
Constitutional Monarchy
Definition
A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution. First phase of revolution. (Liberal phase)
Term
Olympe de Gouges
Definition
French journalist who demanded equal rights for women
Term
Girondins
Definition
Delegates in the National Convention who favored a republic but feared domination by Paris.
Term
sans culottes
Definition
in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed
Term
Danton
Definition
French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)
Term
Marat
Definition
French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)
Term
Republic of Virtue
Definition
Ideal of French Revolution where all traces of the old order were wiped out
Term
Alexander I
Definition
the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)
Term
Grand Army
Definition
Napoleon's army which was supposed to crush Russia
Term
Congress of Vienna
Definition
The Quadruple Alliance met, to discuss the Balance of Power. Great Britian got to have their conquered colonies, Austria got Venetia and Lombardy and Polis lands, and Prussia and Russia were compensated.
Term
Metternich
Definition
German-Austrian politician and statesman, and one of the most important diplomats of his era. He was a major figure on the negotiations leading to and at the Congress of Vienna and is considered both a paradigm of foreign policy management and a major figure on the development of diplomacy.
Term
white terror
Definition
royalist rebellion in Paris, trying to kill all revolutionaries, Napoleon first appears and says "width of a grape shot" and ends rebellion
Term
Battle of Waterloo
Definition
the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat
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