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France Unit 2
Unit 2
55
History
10th Grade
11/05/2009

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Cards

Term

Were the Hapsburg-Valois wars political or religious? Why?

What was France's priorities?

Definition

1) Political; both Catholic

2) weaken HRE to keep Germany from being united

Term

What familiy takes hold of the throne after Henry II dies?

Who tries to keep France Catholic?

Which families are competing?

Definition

1) Valois

2) 2 sons of Catherine de Medici

3) Guise, Bourbon, Valois

Term

What religion were the Valois?

What religion were the Bourbons?

What religion were the Guise?

Definition

1) Catholic

2) Calvinist

3) Catholic

Term
What would happen if the Valois familiy didn't produce a male heir?
Definition
Bourbon familiy would take charge of the French throne
Term

In a civil war between the Catholics and Huguenots, who led each?

Which families were involved?

Definition

1) Catholics-- Henry Duke of Guise (Guise familiy)

2) Huguenots-- Henry of Bourbon King of Navarre (Bourbons)

3) Guise and Bourbons

Term
What was supposed to be the significant of Margaret of Valois marrying Henry of Navarre?
Definition
Promote peace between Catholics and Huguenots
Term

What causes Catherine de Medicis to order the massacre of Huguenots?

What's this called?

What does this initiate?

Definition

1)Because the night before the wedding Coligny of Bourbon is killed by an order from Henry Duke of Guise.

2) St. Batholomew's Day Massacre

3) War of the Three Henrys (all 3 families)

Term

Who is the first Bourbon king of France?

What does he end, and what does he establish in terms of his type of rule?

Definition

1) Henry IV (of Navarre)

2) Ends the French civil wars

3) Absolutism

Term
What is a politique?
Definition
One who governs for the best interests of their country, not personal interests such as religion.
Term

What act does Henry IV do to gain the loyalty of Paris?

What's his famous quote with this event?

Definition

Converts to Catholicism (secretly Calvinist)

"Paris is worth a mass."

Term
What was the Edict of Nantes?
Definition

Grants religious toleration to Huguenots (still no public worship)

Religious protection toward them also than any ofther minority in Europe.

Term
What were Richelieu's Domestic and Foreign policies?
Definition

1) Centralized (king was one law), arrested Nobles who disobeyed

2) Anti- Hapsburg

Term
What are the 4 phases of the 30 Years' War?
Definition

1)Bohemian

2)Danish

3)Swedish

4)French

Term

What happened in the Defenestration of Prague?

What was the "funny" thing that happened here?

Definition

1)Protestantism eliminated in Bohemia because HRE won the battle against Protestants

2)Protestants threw 3 HRE officials out a window into manure because of the restrictions placed on them.

Term
Who was Albrech von Wallenstein?
Definition
Mercenary general for HRE who won battles against Protestant armies.
Term
What was the Edict of Restitution (1629)?
Definition
All church territories that were secularized in 1552 were to be returned to the Catholic Church.
Term

Who was Gustavus Adolphus?

How is he significant to the 30 Years' War?

Definition

1)King of Sweden

2) Pushed Catholic armies to Bohemia with the support of Cardinal Ricelieu

Term
Why did France fear a resurgence of Catholicism?
Definition
because of all the wars the HRE have been winning; won against the Swedish army.
Term
Why did Cardinal Richelieu ally with Protestant forces even though he was Catholic?
Definition

1)German would be more unified if he didn't ally (If Hapsburg won)

2) France's security over his religion -- Politique

Term
What did the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) accomplish?
Definition
Renewed Peace of Augsburg and added Calvinism in the choice of religions keeping Germany divided politically/religiously.
Term
In the 30 Years' War, about how much of the population perished?
Definition
1/3
Term

Why was Germany further divided after 30 Years' War?

What did the 30 Years' War result in the beginning of?

Definition

1) Decline of HRE

2) France as dominant power in Europe + Britain/Netherlands rising.

Term

When did Jean Bodin write about how Absolutism should be the form of government?

Why did he believe this?

Definition

1) French Civil Wars

2) Because it can provice order and force people to obey

Term

According to Thomas Hobbes, what would happen without a strong ruler?

What did he think about people?

Definition

1) Chaos and anarchy

2) Naturally selfish/violent

Term
What was the Social Contract?
Definition
People give up their rights to a strong ruler for a life of law and order to avoid anarchy.
Term
How was Bossuet significant in Absolutism?
Definition
Guided Louis XIV to believe in divine right (God told one to rule)
Term

How did Henry IV weaken the old nobility of the sword?

Why did he do this?

Definition

1) had others purchase their titles for Nobles

2) so that they would be loyal to him and not rebel

Term

Who was Henry IV's finance minister?

What form of government did he favor?

Definition

1) Duke of Sully

2) Mercantilism

Term
Henry VI/Duke of Sully granted ______ in the production of gunpowder and salt.
Definition
Monopolies
Term
How did Duke of Sully's Mercantilism affect the royal debt?
Definition
Reduced it.
Term
Why was Henry IV assassinated by a monk?
Definition
1) because of the protections given to the Huguenots
Term
Feudal nobles and princes increased their power under who?
Definition
Louis XIII
Term
Under the Intendant System, who did the civil servants replace?
Definition
local officials
Term

What class were intendants in?

What were they responsible for?

Overall, how did this affect the nobility?

Definition

1) Middle

2) Justice, Police, and finance (1 for each of 32 districts)

3) Weakened it/ made govt more centralized

Term

Who established the Intendant system and Peace of Alais?

What was the result of Peace of Alais?

Definition

1) Cardinal Ricelieu

2) Huguenots lost cities/armies, Calvinist power reduced

Term
Who was at the center of French power and known as the Sun King?
Definition
Louis XIV
Term

Who advised Louis XIV in believing in Divine Right?

What was Louis XIV's saying?

What was his rule? (1 king...)

Definition

1) Bishop Bossuet

2) I am the state

3) 1 king, 1 law, 1 faith

Term

What was the dominant language in Europe during the rule of Louis XIV?

Which country had the largest population?

Definition

1) French

2) France

Term
Who made a lot of the major decisions in France while Louis XIV was 5?
Definition
Cardinal Mazarin
Term

What was the Fronde?

What happened at 1 point?

What was the result of this? (Louis' feelings)

Definition

1) Rebellious wars against the monarchy by nobles

2) Louis and Mazarin were kicked out (anarchy came)

3) Louis brought back and had feelings of resentment toward the nobility for the future

Term
Why did Louis XIV appoint chief ministers from the middle class and not the aristocracy?
Definition
So that they will be loyal to him because they have never had much political power before.
Term

What was the Corvée?

What would happen to peasants w/o a job?

What would happen to peasants who didn't agree?

Definition

1) Forced labor for a month for peasants

2) Put in army or workhouses

3) Executed or used as galley slaves on ships

Term

What was the French Catholic Church called?

Who controlled it?

Definition

1) Gallican Church

2) Louis XIV

Term

What was the Edict of Fountainbleu?

What did it do?

Definition

1) Revoked Edit of Nante

2) Huguenots lose rights to practice Calvinism

Term
Why did Louis XIV not support the Jansenists?
Definition
They had Calvinist beliefs, so they weren't Gallican (supported Jesuits)
Term

Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert?

What was he famous for?

Definition

1) Louis' finance minister

2) Mercantilism reaching its height/leading industry & MERCHANT MARINE

Term
What were some weaknesses of Louis XIV?
Definition

1) Poor conditions for peasants

2) Poor navy

3) 2/3 of reign wars that nullified Colbert's progress

Term
In the 2 Dutch Wars of 1667 and 1668, who wins?
Definition
Louis XIV who gets Belgium (Spanish Netherlands)
Term
Why does the League of Augsburg form?
Definition
To balance the power, and they wanted to prevent Louis XIV from gaining more territory in the Netherlands.
Term

Who else besides the League of Augsburg joins in the fight against France?

What is the end result of the war?

Definition

1) England (William of Orange)

2) No one wins/loses land

Term
What is the cause of the War of Spanish Succession?
Definition
Charles II of Spain dies and gives land to Louis XIV's grandson, so all other countries feared that Spain would become apart of France making a huge empire
Term
What emerged in opposition to France during the War of Spanish Succession?
Definition
Grand Alliance (HRE, Portugal, England)
Term

What happens in the Treaty of Utrecht?

What does Britain gain?
What does Austria gain?

Definition

1) France loses to England mainly ending Louis' XIV expansion

2) Britain gets parts of Spain: slave trade/right to trade with them, Minovea and Gibraltar

3) Spanish Netherlands (Beligium)

 

Term

As a result of Louis XIV's Wars:

 

1) What happened to the power system?

2) What happened to the French economy?

3) What happened to the 3rd estate?

Definition

1) Became balanced

2) Destroyed

3) Heavily taxed

Term

As a result of Louis XIV's wars:

 

1) What happened to France's government?

2) What did these financial/social tensions cause?

Definition

1) Bankrupt

2) French Revolution later in the century

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