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Foundations
Vocabulary 33-64
33
History
9th Grade
10/02/2006

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Term
Common Sense
Definition
a set of pamphlets authored by Thomas paine that encouraged separation from the Crown. Pamphlets called the King a brute and states that America had a separate destiny from England
Term
mercantilism
Definition
the theory and system of politics of developing colonies to maintain a balance of trade
Term
Olive Branch Petition
Definition
a letter written to King George III from the members of the 2nd Continental Congress that appealed to the king to address colonial grievances to avoid war
Term
communism
Definition
political system in which ownership of all product and land are in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared
Term
Age of Enlightenment
Definition
occurred in the 18th century; philosophers wrote new ideas on politics such as the role of the "divine right" of the kings and the separation of church and state
Term
English Bill of Rights
Definition
predecessor to the U.S. Bill of Rights; outlined new rights for the English people such as "no taxation without representation"
Term
democracy
Definition
government by the people
Term
Representative Democracy
Definition
government where the people elect leaders to carry out the rules and ideals that they want
Term
direct democracy
Definition
a system of government in which ALL citizens participate in politics and decision making
Term
John Locke
Definition
influential English philosopher who inspired Thomas Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
authored the Declaration of Independence
Term
James Madison
Definition
Father of the Constitution
Term
treason
Definition
violation of allegiance to one's country
Term
traitors
Definition
a person who betrays his country
Term
Contitutional Monarchy
Definition
which means that the king shares power with a group of advisors or a democratic body
Term
Patriots
Definition
colonists loyal to the United States
Term
Tory
Definition
colonists loyal to the British
Term
Thomas Paine
Definition
author of Common Sense
Term
King George III
Definition
King of England during the American Revolution
Term
Intolerable Acts
Definition
acts of law passed by England to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party
Term
Confederation
Definition
a group of nations or states united for a common cause
Term
American Revolution
Definition
war fought to gain American independence from England
Term
1st Continental Congress
Definition
a body of 55 representatives appointed by colonial legislatures who met to plan a response to England's Intolerable Acts
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
an act of protest of the stamp act by the American colonists against England
Term
2nd Continental Congress
Definition
a body of representatives who met and approved the Declaration of Independence
Term
minutemen
Definition
armed civilians fighting during the Revolutionary War
Term
monopoly
Definition
a company or group of having exclusive control over commercial activity
Term
John Adams
Definition
a driving force calling for independence from England
Term
Three-Fifths Compromise
Definition
a compromise reached by the Northern states and Southern states over how to count the slave population; slaves were counted 3/5 of all other persons
Term
Federalists
Definition
people wh supported the Constitution
Term
Anti-Federalists
Definition
people who were against the Constitution
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
large states plan for a bicameral congress with representation to be based on population
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
small states plan for a unicameral congress with equal representation
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