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Foundations of Western Culture Test 1
Test 1 for Foundations of Western Culture
75
History
Undergraduate 2
10/02/2013

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Term
Mesopotamia
Definition
(Fertile Crescent) between the rivers, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Flat and open. There are mountains to the North. Dry, hot, arid.
Term
Sumerians
Definition
Term
Hammurabi
Definition
Came up with “Hammurabi’s Code”, one of the first collection of laws
Term
Fertile Crescent
Definition
fought over continuously because of the “fertility” of it.
Term
Ziggurat
Definition
a square temple based loosely on the Tower of Babel
Term
Cuneiform
Definition
wedge-shaped characters used in ancient writing systems.
Term
Stele
Definition
upright stone or slab with an inscribed or sculptured surface.
Term
Divination
Definition
foretelling of future events
Term
Uruk
Definition
ancient Sumerian city near the Euphrates
Term
Egypt
Definition
Opposite of Mesopotamia
Term
Book of the Dead
Definition
collection of ancient Egyptian funerary texts from various periods
Term
Pharaoh
Definition
king of ancient Egypt
Term
Pyramid
Definition
crypt/tomb of an Egyptian King
Term
Hieroglyphics
Definition
pictures or symbols are used to represent objects, concepts, or sounds
Term
Gilgamesh
Definition
semidivine king of Erech, hero of an epic collection of mythic tales.
Term
Enkidu
Definition
Sumerian legendary friend of Gilgamish
Term
Huwawa
Definition
Guardian of Cedar Forest. Killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu
Term
Cedar Forest
Definition
home of the Mesopotamian gods
Term
Bull of Heaven
Definition
killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu in an act of defiance against the gods
Term
Anu
Definition
Sky-god, god of heaven.
Term
Ishtar
Definition
goddess of fertility, love, war, and sex
Term
Shamash
Definition
god of justice and sun
Term
Ea
Definition
(Enki) god of crafts
Term
Enlil
Definition
storm god
Term
Utnapishtim
Definition
flood hero that was granted immortality by the gods
Term
Urshanabi
Definition
Utnapishtim's boatman, guardian of the mysterious stone things
Term
Assyrians
Definition
they have iron weapons, making them superior to others
Term
Assyrian worldview
Definition
Patriarchal view
Term
Persians
Definition
War machine like Assyrians, but diplomatic more so instead
Term
Persians (war fact)
Definition
Professional soldiers (the Immortals)
Term
Hebrews
Definition
always in the background
Term
Monotheism
Definition
belief in one god instead of several
Term
polytheism
Definition
belief that there are multiple gods
Term
Covenant
Definition
alliance/agreement made by God
Term
Noah
Definition
mentioned with the Great Flood in the Epic of Gilgamesh and mesopotamian
Term
city-state
Definition
autonomous entity not administered as a part of another local government
Term
Linear A
Definition
a syllabary (a writing system in which one character represents a whole syllable) written from left to right
Term
Linear B
Definition
borrowed from the Minoan civilization by the Mycenaean Greeks to write their dialect
Term
Minos
Definition
King of Crete whose wife bore the Minotaur
Term
Minotaur
Definition
monster of Crete with the body of a man and the head of a bull
Term
Bull-leaping
Definition
ancient Cretan sport for both sexes involving grasping the horns of a bull and tumbling over him
Term
Agammenon
Definition
King of Mycenae who returned home he was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus
Term
Menelaus
Definition
Spartan King who was the husband of Helen, whose abduction led to the Trojan War. Welcoming and hospitable
Term
Helen
Definition
May or may not love her husband and most significant ambiguous narrator
Term
Paris
Definition
stole Menelaus' wife, Helen, causing the Trojan War
Term
Achilles
Definition
slayed Hector, but died by a piercing of the only vulnerable spot on his body, his ankle
Term
Nestor
Definition
receives Telemachus kindly and entertains him
Term
Odysseus
Definition
The central character of the Odyssey
Term
Penelope
Definition
Wife of Odysseus. Stays faithful while Odysseus is absent for 20+ years
Term
Telemachus
Definition
Odysseus' son. He experiences his intiation into manhood at a late age because of Odysseus' absence
Term
Athena
Definition
Goddess of wisdom, courage, strategy.
Term
Zeus
Definition
god of sky and thunder
Term
Hera
Definition
goddess of women and marriage
Term
Poseidon
Definition
god of the sea and earthquakes
Term
Hermes
Definition
messenger god
Term
Hades
Definition
god of the underworld
Term
Laertes
Definition
father of Odysseus
Term
Eurycleia
Definition
nurse of Odysseus and Telemachus
Term
Eumaeus
Definition
Odysseus' swineherd and friend
Term
Antinous
Definition
one of the ring leaders of the suitors. bully and offensive
Term
Eurymachus
Definition
one of the ring leaders. patronizing and double-talker, poisonous
Term
Amphinomus
Definition
one of the suitors. says he will not kill Telemachus unless it is ordained by the gods
Term
Alcinous
Definition
ruler of the Phaiakians in the island of Scheria
Term
Nausicaa
Definition
daughter of Alcinous
Term
Arete
Definition
means excellence of any kind, geared mainly towards women
Term
Circe
Definition
sweet yet tricky nymph. tricked Odysseus' crew and turned them into swine
Term
Calypso
Definition
keeps Odysseus on her island to make him her immortal husband
Term
Scylla
Definition
Scylla manages to catch six of Odysseus' men. monster
Term
Charybdis
Definition
a whirlpool and considered a shipping hazard
Term
Polyphemus
Definition
cyclops who is tricked by Odysseus
Term
Lacedaemon
Definition
poem in elevated or dignified language
Term
Epic
Definition
poem in elevated or dignified language
Term
invoking
Definition
appeal to a higher power for assistance
Term
epithet
Definition
descriptive word or phrase added to a person's name
Term
Muse
Definition
product of Zeus and Mnemosyne
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