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Foundations of Western Civilization
Hist/HUMN 133 First Exam
20
History
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2014

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Term
Archimedes
Definition
  • Born in the Greek city of Syracuse.
  • Killed by a Roman soldier in his study.
  • He created war machine for defence of Syracuse.
  • Lived between 287-212 B.C.E.
Term
Assyria
Definition
  • Semetic speaking people.
  • Located North Mesopotamia
  • They had a well organaized military. Expert at siege warfare.
  • Defeated 612 B.C.E. by the Babylonians 
Term
Cuneiform
Definition
  • Sumerian form of writing.
  • Written on clay tablets.
  • Writing was wedge shaped.
  • A stylus was used for writing on clay tablets.
Term
Cyrus the Great
Definition
  • Founder of the Achaemenid Empire.
  • He created the first largest ("world") empire.
  • He did not slaughter or enslave the people he conquered, but united them.
  • He let more then 40,000 Jews return to their homeland.
Term
Epicureanism
Definition
  • System of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus.
  • Rejected the believe in a afterlife. 
  • Purpose of life is peace of mind, happiness and pleasure.
  • Rejected the superstitious fear of the gods. 
Term
Gilgamesh
Definition
  • Most famous Sumerian literature.
  • The story tells about the strongest and most powerful man.
  • Gilgamesh is part god, part human.
  • He goes on a search for eternal life and fails.
Term
Aspasia
Definition
  • Lived with Pericles, leader of democratic Athens.
  • Their relationship causes a scandal, he left his wife and kids.
  • Spiteful rummers followed her life, thought to be a prostitute.
  • Upseted Athenina traditionalist because Pericles consulted with her, and women were not meant to be treated equally.
Term
Great Silk Road
Definition
  • Number of trade routes connecting China and Eastern Europe.
  • The road got it's name from China selling it's silk to the rest of the world.
  • most people traveled on camels and in caravans.
  • Marco Polo is thought to have traveled along the Silk Road.
Term
Greek Religion
Definition
  • They believed powerful gods could control what happend to you.
  • You could control the gods through sacrifice, prayer, and living a good life.
  • Zeus was the king of the gods.
  • Greeks had no sacred book such as the bible.
Term
Hittites
Definition
  • Warlike People.
  • USed bronze weapopns thought to be the first people to use iron weapons.
  • They used chariots for warfare.
  • Rivalry with the Egyptians after several years signed a peace treaty and mutual defence.
Term
Hyksos
Definition
  • Means "rulers of the uplands"
  • Settle in the Nile Delta
  • Brought Egypt into the Bronze Age;...
  • Came to worship Egyptian gods and modeled their monarchy on the pharonic system.
Term
Law Code of Hammaurabi
Definition
  • Laws included religion, business, slavery
  • Law differed according to social status and gender.
  • Once a verdict is rendered a judge could not change it.
  • The code demanded that the punishment fit the crime. "an eye for an eye"
Term
Minoans
Definition
  • A culture located on Crete around 1650 B.C.E.
  • Named after the mythical king Minos.
  • The minoans created a script called Linear A.
  • Linear A is still not deciphered.
Term
Myceneans
Definition
  • King and his warrior aristocracy stood at the top of society.
  • Bottom of society contained male and female slaves normally owned by the king and aristocrats.
  • Palace scribes kept records in Greek with a script known as Linear B, derived from Minoans Linear A.
  • The fall of the Mycenaean kingdoms ushered in a period called the "Dark Ages"
Term
Plato
Definition
  • Socrates Student.
  • Founded the philosophical school called The Academy.
  • Believed that it was the highest duty to educate people to teach a higher good.
  • Developed a theory of two worlds. The impermanent: changing world that we know through our senses. The eternal: uninchanging realm of "forms" that constitute the essence of true reality.
Term
Sappho
Definition
  • A female Poet.
  • Lived on the island of "Lesbos"
  • An english word lesbian is derived by Sappho's home island of Lesbos.
  • Poems indicated the sex was complicated in Ancient Greece.
Term
Socrates
Definition
  • A revolutionary philosopher in the Ancient World.
  • Had a student named Plato.
  • Known for Socratic Dialogue, a process of continues questioning rather than lecturing.
  • Socrates was brought to trial, and executed on the ground of corruping the youth of the city and creating new gods.
Term
Solomon
Definition
  • Father was King David of Bethlehem.
  • Created the nation of Israel out of a collection of tribes ruled by a king.
  • Dedicate the temple in grand style to house the Ark of the Covenant.
  • Belived in the Hebrew God, Yahweh.
Term
Stoics
Definition
  • A Hellenistic Philosophy.
  • Stoicism was created by Zeno, a philosopher from Cyprus.
  • Taught that people should participate in political and worldly affairs.
  • The Stoics created a concept of Natural Law;"all men were brothers and were in harmony with the universe, on law -part of the natural order of life-governed them all"
Term
Zoroaster
Definition
  • A preacher originally named Zarathustra.
  • Zoroaster taught that life is a constant battle ground for the two opposing forces of good and evil.
  • Preached that last judgment led to heaven or hell.
  • Zoroastrianism supposedly influenced liberal JUdaism, Christianity, and early Islam.
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