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Foundation of Western Civilizations
Third Exam
20
History
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2014

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Cards

Term
Beowulf
Definition
  • Beowolf is an epic poem.
  • Beowolf was written in England.
  • It was written in Anglo-Saxon not Latin.
  • Authors of the poem are unknown.
  • He was a great warrior and ruler.
Term
Carolingian Renaissance
Definition
  • Occured during the reign of Charlemagne.
  • Charlemagne wanted to educate the monks and clergy to better understand Christian writting.
  • Rulers, noblemen funded monasteries.
  • In the monasteries they copied books & manuscripts.
  • Developed writing with uppercase and lowercase.
Term
Chaucer
Definition
  • Father of english literature.
  • Greatest english poet of the middle ages.
  • He wrote the Canterbury Tales.
  • First poet to be barried at Westminister Abbey, London.
Term
Cluny
Definition
  • Founded by William the Pious.
  • Monastery was free from any feudal resposibilities to him or any lord.
  • Monastery had high religious behavior.
  • Monastery had vast religious influence. 
Term
Crusades
Definition
  • Wars sponcered by the Papacy.
  • Pope Urban II proclaimed the first crusade.
  • War was to recover holy city of Jerusalem from Muslims.
  • Engaging in a holy war could shorten one's time in purgatory.
Term
Dante Alighieri
Definition
  • He wrote The Devine Comedy.
  • It was written in Italian.
  • Devine comedy was an epic poem of 100 cantos(verses).
  • Deveine comedy described realms of next world: hell, purgaotry, & paradise.
  • Devine comedy embodied the psychological tensions of the age.
Term

Dominicans and Franciscans

(D & F)

Definition
  • Dominicans were followers of Saint Dominic.
  • Franciscans were followers of Saint Francis.
  • D & F were friars not monks.
  • Friars wanted more contact with oridinary Christians then be secluded like monks.
Term
Fredrick II Hohenstaufen
Definition
  • One of the most powerful Holy Roman Emporer.
  • He had broad interest & abilities he was called "wonder of the world."
  • He grew up in a multicultural scicily & spoke six languages.
  • He supported scientist, scholars, and artists no matter what their religion was.
Term
Gothic Architecture
Definition
  • They made church ceilings lighter.
  • They also made arches to support the roof to put in windows.
  • Cathedrals were tall as 119 feet from floor to ceiling.
  • Took more than one generation to finish the cathedrals.
Term
Guilds
Definition
  • Association of artisans or merchants.
  • They control practice of their crafts in town, wouldn't allow outsiders to sell similar products in town.
  • They became part of governing bodies.
  • Craft guilds regulated quality standards for their products.
Term
Hildegard of Bingen
Definition
  • Her first work was scivias.
  • She kept records of her mystical visions.
  • left abbey to find a covenant of Repertsburg.
  • only woman at the time whose opinion on religious matter wwere considered authoritative by the church.
Term
Joan of Arc
Definition
  • French peasent girl.
  • co-commander of entire french army.
  • captured by the Burgundians.
  • Claimed to hear voices of Saint Michael, Catnerine, and Margarat.
Term
John Wyclif
Definition
  • English Scholar and theologian.
  • Wrote that sunpure(scripture?) alone should be the standard of Christian belief.
  • produced the first complete translation of the bible into english.
  • followers were called Lollards.
Term
Medieval Universities
Definition
  • Schools were called "studium generale".
  • originated from middle ages priests instructing boys on the mannor.
  • Studied roman law.
  • students at the universities were generally considered to be lower level members of the clergy.
Term
Peter Abelard
Definition
  • Sun of a minor Brenton Knight.
  • Studied in Paris.
  • writings were majorly censored by the church.
  • Spent later years in an abbot(abby?).
Term
Saint Thomas Aquinas
Definition
  • 13th century scholastic.
  • His collection of knowledge was published, called the Summa.
  • invested the branch of philosophy called epistomology.
  • his work became the fundamental text of roman catholic docterine.
Term
Technology in the Middle Ages
Definition
  • Heavy plow allowed to plant in soils too hard to dig by hand. 
  • Hour glass to measure time precisely each time. 
  • Eyeglasses were invented in the middle ages.
  • Printing press by Gutenberg.
Term
The Black Death
Definition
  • "atro mors" the dreadful death was translated as the black death.
  • Victim coughs violently and spit blood.
  • 14th century outbreak.
  • Bacilli entering the bloodstream signaling death with in 2-3 days.
Term
The Hundred Years War
Definition
  • disagreement over rights to land.
  • dispute over the sucession of the French throne.
  • lasted 116 years. 1137-1453
  • England vs. France
Term
Thomas Becket
Definition
  • Bishop of Cantebury in 1162.
  • protested that church law required clerics to be subject to church courts.
  • assasinated by king Hnery II knights.
  • Becket was made a saint.
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